WEEK 1 DISCUSSION

Imagery involves the use of descriptive 3. Abstract/Poetic Diction- This is

language to create mental images. when a writer uses words to express
something intangible, like an idea or
Types of Imagery an emotion.
1. Visual imagery Figures of Speech
2. Auditory Imagery
3. Olfactory Imagery 1. Alliteration
4. Gustatory Imagery 2. Anaphora

5. Tactile Imagery 3. Antithesis

4. Apostrophe
Diction is the careful selection of words to 5. Assonance
communicate a message or establish a 6. Euphemism
particular voice or writing style. 7. Hyperbole

Types of Diction 8. Irony

9. Litotes
1. Formal Diction- It is considered as a 10. Oxymoron
professional choice of words 11. Paradox
Jargons- Use in specific field of 12. Personification
discipline. 13. Simile
2. Informal Diction- more 14. Synecdoche
conversational and often used in 15. Understatement
narrative literature.
Colloquial- It is representing a
particular region or place or era or
period.
Slang- can be a new word, a
shortened or modified word, or words
that take on a new meaning.
WEEK 2 DISCUSSION

BASIC ELEMENTS OF POETRY

Poetry is the art of expressing oneself in verse. It uses imagery of figures of

speech to express feelings or create a mental picture or idea. The following are its
elements:

1. STRUCTURE (Line and Stanza)

Line is a unit of language into which a poem is divided while stanza is
the group of lines that develop and emphasize on idea in the poem. A
stanza can be:
Couplet - 2 lines
Triplet - 3 lines
Quatrain - 4 lines
Quintet - 5 lines
Sestet - 6 lines
Septet - 7 lines
Octet - 8 lines
2. RHYME AND RHYME SCHEME
Words rhyme if they sound alike. Poems often use rhymes at the end of
lines. Rhyme scheme is the pattern of rhymes in a poem. Poets use
rhymes to add musical sound to their poems.
3. MOOD
Mood is the feeling that a poem creates in a reader. It can be positive or
negative and can be made with the length of the verses, chosen words,
and word sounds.
4. TONE
Tone is the attitude a writer takes towards the subject or audience of
the poem.

5.IMAGERY
Imagery is the language that appeals to the 5 senses and are considered
“word pictures”. It helps the reader to experience familiar things in a
fresher way of using the senses.

WEEKS 3&4 DISCUSSION

THE WRITING PROCESS

1. Prewriting/Planning
This is the stage where the writer thinks of
the possible concept or ideas.
2. Conceptualizing
Drafting includes composing the primary
draft of a report.
3. Revitalizing
Once you create your draft, you need to
have some break for you to unwind your
mind in conceptualizing. This will help you
to rethink and reconceptualize for a new
possible content or inputs.
4. Revising
Revising literally means “to see again” not
just once but multiple times.
5. Publishing
Publishing involves submitting final
manuscripts to editors of print and online
journals and magazines, newspapers, or
publishing companies.

Comparison and Contrast of Creative Writing and Technical Writing

Forms of a Poem Found Poem- Created through careful

selection and organization of words and
 phrases from existing text.
Tanaga- Is a type of Filipino Poem
which consists of four lines with seven
syllable each (7-7-7-7 syllabic verse)
with the AABB rhyme scheme.
Diona- An ancient form of poetry that is
composed of 7 syllables foe every
verse/line, 3 verses/lines for every
stanza, has a single rhyme scheme.
Haiku – A poem of 3 lines where the
first is 5 syllables, the middle is 7
syllables, and the last is 5.
Acrostic – A poem where the first letter
of each line spells a word that fits with
the theme of the poem or exposes a
deeper meaning.
Sonnet – A short, rhyming poem of 14
lines
WEEKS 5-6 DISCUSSION
What is Prose?
- Natural speech not in rhythmic
structure.
- Straight forward language
- Most reflective of conversational
speech.
Types of Prose
- Nonfictional Prose: mainly based
on fact, though it may contain
fictional elements in certain cases.
- Fictional Prose: Imagined stories
like novels and stories.
- Heroic Prose: Recorded or
recounted, found in oral custom.
Epics and Legends may be examples
of this.
- Prose Poetry: Poetic characteristics
and nature. Utilizing passionate
impacts and elevated symbolism.
However, these are written in
exposition rather than section.
o Protagonist – the chief figure who
Elements of Fictional Prose
Concrete Poem- Uses words to form
the shape of the subject of the poem.
Lyric Poem- Usually written in first
person point of view and expresses an
emotion to describe the scene. It does
not tell a story and are often musical.
Narrative Poem- It tells a story, often
making voices of a narrator and
characters as well.
Epic- A long narrative poem recounting
the deed of a legendary or historical
hero.
Limerick- Usually humorous and
portrays a double-meaning message.
Composed of five lines in an AABBA
rhyming pattern.
1. SETTING - The time and location
in which a story takes place is called
the setting.
a) place - geographical location.
b) time - When is the story taking
place?
c) weather conditions - Is it rainy,
sunny, stormy, etc?
d) social conditions - What is the
daily life of the characters like?
e) mood or atmosphere - What
feeling is created at the beginning
of the story?
2. CHARACTER
- The representation of a person
in the story
- Is revealed by the tone of voice
- Occasionally, it could be an
animal or object given human
qualities
struggles against opposing forces
o Antagonist – the force, most often - is defined as the angle from which
another character, that opposes the the story is told.
protagonist a) Third Person P.O.V – The
o Dynamic Character – one whose narrator does not participate in
attitudes and values are affected by the action of the story as one
the events in the story of the characters but let us
o Flat Character – a character having know exactly what the
only a single trait or quality characters feel. (uses third
o Round Character – a multi- personal pronoun he, she, it,
dimensional or a complex character they)
o Static Character – one whose b) First Person - The story is
personality, attitudes, and beliefs told by the protagonist or one
remain fixed, no matter what kinds of of the characters who interacts
situations he encounters closely with the protagonist or
other characters (using
Characterization - The development pronouns I, me,)
of characters as done by the short story 6. THEME
writer. - It is the author's underlying meaning
or main idea that he is trying to
3. PLOT convey. The theme may be the
author's thoughts about a topic or
Kinds of Plot view of human nature.
- Linear Plot
- Modular Plot 7. TONE
- Episodic Plot - When you speak, your tone of voice
suggests your attitude.
4. CONFLICT - Tone can also mean the general
- It is the opposition of forces which emotional weather of the poem.
ties one incident to another and makes
the plot move.
TECHNIQUES AND LITERARY
Types of Conflict: DEVICES
- External - A struggle with a force It is a literary or linguistic
outside oneself. technique that produces a specific
- Internal - A struggle within oneself; effect, esp. a figure of speech,
a person must make some decision,
narrative style, or plot mechanism.
overcome pain, quiet their temper,
resist an urge, etc. Plot Device - an object, character or a
concept introduced into the story by the
Various kinds of Conflict: author to introduce its plot.
1. Man vs. Man
2. Man vs. Circumstances 1. Flashing arrow- technique used to
3. Man vs. Nature focus the reader’s, but not the
4. Man vs. Society characters’ attention on an object, or
5. Man vs. Self location.
6. Man vs. Supernatural
7. Man vs. Fate Example: The Shutter
8. Man vs. Technology A man wonders on his consistent neck
ache without knowing that he is
carrying the ghost all those times.

2. Red herring- it distracts the reader’s

attention from the plot twist. It is used
5. POINT OF VIEW to maintain tension and uncertainty.
 Example: Professor Snape of Harry
Potter
In Harry Potter and the Philosopher's
Stone, Severus Snape is a red herring,
sneaky and behaving suspiciously but
not, eventually guilty. In fact, Snape's
chequered path through the books is
littered with red herrings. Less
ambiguously, Sirius Black is painted
as an evil character, to be feared,
which is undermined when he finally
meets Harry.
3. Deathtrap- device that the villain
uses to try to kill the protagonist and
satisfy his own sadistic desires.
Example: Different Death scenes in
Final Destination stories
4. Reverse chronology- is a technique
where the story begins at the end and
works back toward the beginning.
Example: The White House Story
where the story begins at the end and
progressed the story while taking the
story backward.
5. ‘In medias res’- the narrative starts in
the middle of the story instead of from
its beginning. Other events are often
introduced through a series of
flashbacks.
Example: The Odyssey of Homer.
The story started in the middle instead
of the beginning of the story.
Flashbacks were used to introduce the
initial events in the story.
VISION - character share with the reader
visions of the past or the future to explain a
character’s motives.
1. Dream sequence- series of dreams
which allows the character to see
events that occur or have occurred in
another time
Example: The Christmas Carol by
Charles Dickens
Ebenezer Scrooge had a series of
dreams which allowed him to see the
events happened in another time with
the help of the Christmas ghosts of the
past, present and future and led him
to change his attitude.
2. Analepsis (flashback)- prevents
events from before the current time
frame. Flashbacks are usually
presented as characters’ memories
and are used to explain their
background.
Example: Titanic. The story used
Rose, the main character, to tell the
events happened to Titanic.
3. Prolepsis (flash-forward)- presents
events that will occur in the future.
Example: Final Destination seeing
what will happen in the future.
4. Prophecy- is often used in science
fiction to underline their futuristic
structures.
Example: Breaking Dawn’s Final
Rival Scene between the Volturi and
Bella Swan and Edward Cullen’s
family. Alice who has a premonition
supernatural presented the prophecy,
the possible event that can be
happened once the action will be
continued.
5. Foreshadowing- is a premonition,
muck like a flash-forward, but only
hints at the future.
Example: Toy Story 2. The use of
Buzz’s glass space helmet to ignite the
rocket string was foreshadowed when
Buzz was accidentally burnt because
of the glass lens.
ENDING - refers to story endings
1. Cliff-hanger- an abrupt ending that
leaves the plot incomplete, without
denouement, it often leaves characters
in a precarious or difficult situation
which hint at the possibility of a
sequel.
2. Twist ending- is an unexpected finale
that gives an entirely new vision on
the entire plot. It is a powerful
technique but may leave the reader
dissatisfied and frustrated.
3. Science Fiction – Story that is typically
set in the future or on other planets
4. Mystery Fiction – a genre of literature
whose stories focus on solving a crime or
scenario
5. Realistic Fiction – a story that seems real
or could happen in real life
6. Horror – aims to provide eerie
atmosphere and to entertain audience by
frightening and surprising them through the
use of suspense and scary elements.
Other Fictional Genres

Example: Planet of the Apes. Twist: Adventure – story where a protagonist and
As Taylor escapes with mute other major characters are placed in a
companion challenging situations to conquer at the end.
Nova (Linda Harrison), he is stunned Folktales
to discover that he didn't land on a
distant planet, he was back on Earth, Fairy tale – uses elements of magic
centuries into the future. Fable – meant to tell a lesson or a
moral
3. Happy ending- a finale when
everything ends in the best way for Tall tale – hyperbole which aims to
the hero. become humorous
Legend – usually deals with the
Example: Since the target audience national hero or the origin.
are the children, Disney Movies have
Happy endings. Myth – based on past events,
usually gods and goddesses
4. Deus ex machina- plot dating back to
ancient Greek theater, where the
conflict is resolve through a means
(god, or dues) that seem unrelated to
the story. This allows the author to
end the story as desired without
following the logic and continuity of
the story.

FICTIONAL GENRES
1. Fantasy – story that is imaginative but
could never really happen
2. Historical Fiction – story that takes place
in a historically accurate time and setting