DATA

COMMUNICATIONS
AND NETWORKS
(SEET3623)

CHAPTER 3 DR. NURZAL EFFIYANA BINTI GHAZALI

PART 1: Data Transmission effiyana@fke.utm.my
P19a-02-17
0197771227
 DATA TRANSMISSION 2

Data
Transmission

Parallel Serial

Synchronous Asynchronous

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 1
PARALLEL TRANSMISSION 3

1
0
0
Sender 1 Receiver
1
1
0

• Data are transmitted simultaneously on separate communication line, n bits data to

be sent, n wires or lines will be used
• Synchronized to a clock between the sender and the receiver
• Faster than the serial transmission
• Suitable for short distance
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 SERIAL TRANSMISSION 4

1 MSB LSB 1
1 1
0 Parallel to 11001110 Serial to 0
0 0
Sender 1 serial parallel 1 Receiver
1 converter Serial transmission converter 1
1 1
0 0
Source End Destination End

• Data are transmitted bit by bit with each clock pulse

• Only 1 single communication line involve
• LSB will be transmitted first followed by the other bits
• Suitable for long distance communication
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 ACTIVITY 1 5

Find the advantages and disadvantages of

parallel and serial transmission

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 ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION 6

• Sends only one character at a time where a character is either a letter of the
alphabet or number or control character. Sends one byte of data a time
• Using start and stop bit
• The gap or idle time can be of varying intervals

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 SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION 7

• Data is transferred in the form of frames or chunks

• Does not use start and stop bits
• No gap between the various bytes in the data stream
• Bit synchronization is established between sender & receiver

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 SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION 8

• A block of bits is transmitted in a steady stream without start and stop codes.
• Clocks must be synchronized to prevent timing drift between transmitter and
receiver.
• can use separate clock line: good over short distances and subject to
impairments
• or embed clock info in data signal: line coding
• Need to indicate start and end of block
• Use preamble and post-amble
• In addition, other bits are added to the block that convey control information
used in the data link control procedures
• The data + preamble + postamble + control information are called a frame
• More efficient (lower overhead) than asynchronous
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 ACTIVITY 2 9

Find the advantages and disadvantages of

synchronous and asynchronous
transmission

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 TYPES OF ERRORS 10

Error:
Occurs when a bit is altered
between transmission and
reception

Burst errors:
Single-bit errors: Contiguous sequence of B bits in
Isolated error condition that which the first and last bits and
alters only one bit any number of intermediate bits
are received in error
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 SINGLE-BIT ERROR 11

• Mainly occurs in parallel data transmission

• Example: 8 wires are used to send the 8 bits, if 1 wire is noisy, then single-bit is
corrupted per byte

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 BURST ERROR 12

• Determined from the first corrupted bit to the last corrupted bit
• Normally occur in serial data transmission
• The number of affected bits depend on the duration of the noise and data rate.
Greater at higher data rate

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