Quantitative Aptitude

Permutations and Combinations

Prem Ananth C

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Factorial n:
Let n be a positive integer
∟n = n (n-1)(n-2)….4*3*2*1

↳
Eg: ∟4 = 4 *3*2*1 = 24
∟0 = 1

Permutations:
The different arrangements of a given
number of things by taking some or all at
a time are called permutations
a) nPr = ∟n
↳L / ∟n-r ↑pr
=

Er
b) Number of all permutations of n things,
-
taking all at a time is ∟n
c) If there are n objects of which P1 are
alike of one kind; P2 are alike of another
kind; P3 are alike of third kind and so on
and Pr are alike of rth kind such that
(P1+P2+P3+P4 +….+Pr) = n, then
Number of permutations = ∟n /
(∟P1*∟P2*∟P3* …. ∟Pr)
↳
of permutations
-

number
=

L .

L . I
Combinations:
Each of the different groups or selections
which can be formed by taking some or all
at a time is called a combination
a) Number of all combinations of n
things, taken r at a time is
nC = [n(n-1)(n-2)….to r factors] /

I
r
∟r
L
b) nCn = 1 and nC0 =1
-
-
-

C) nCr = nC(n-r)
E
. .

a)
-
4

- na =

n -

v)
Problems:
↳h
1. Evaluate ∟50 / ∟48

L 50 -x/48x4x46 - - x

->
/48x47x48x45-
- - 1

↳48
/
-x48
L
=
48
50x49
=

2450
 2. Evaluate:
i)5P5 Since it is all are participating in
it must be
ii)50P3 orangements
15 =

190

150
(ii) 5043 - -

-3

5x
150 -

⑭
=
50x 49x48

1 17
,
600
=
,
 3. Evaluate 8
10 x 9 x =120
i)10C3 - -
3x2x 1

ii)100C98
iii)60C60 =1
= 100
(ii) 100
-98 <400-98)
- 100c
I

=x 99 = 4950
4. In how many different ways can the
letters of the word FIGHT be arranged?
-

5p I
-
5
= 120
5. In how many different ways can the
letters of the word PRESENT be arranged?
- -

PRESENT

TP2 -
- -x3x2

=
2520
6. In how many different ways can the
letters of the word DESIGN be arranged so
that the vowels are at the two ends?
DSGN =>
4
El => 2

4 =
4x3x2x1
=

24

Le =

Iways
24x2
arrangement
=

Total of
ways =
48 ways
.
7. In how many different ways can the
letter of the word DAUGHTER be arranged
so that the vowels always come together?
+
E = 3
·

DG HTR =
5

6
L => DAUE--
-
-
GHTR

Datin
DG -
- -

↳= 720 ways
G
B =
was
=720x6
=

4320 ways
8. In how many different ways can the
letters of the word DIRECTOR be arranged
so that the vowels or always together?
9. In how many ways can a cricket 11 be
chosen out of 14 players?
14 C
,
2
/

143 --
14x13 e
=36p wys .
10. In how many ways a committee of 6
members be selected from 7 men, and 5
ladies, consisting of 4 men and 2 ladies?
5

cn X C
2

= 350 ways
--
-