University of Southeastern Philippines

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ECE 313
Lesson 1
Introduction to Digital Communications Systems
And
Digital Transmission

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Contents
• Introduction to Digital Communications Systems
ØCommunication System Overview
ØAnalog signal vs Digital signal
ØAdvantages & Disadvantages of analog and digital
signals
ØDigital Communication advantages
ØTypes of Digital Communications
• Digital Transmission
Ø Block diagram of Digital Transmission
Ø Advantages of Digital Transmission

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 Communication System Overview
• Main purpose of communication is to transfer information from
a source to a recipient via a channel or medium.

• Basic block diagram of a communication system:

• Q1- Give one example of application and illustrate it…..

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Brief Description

• Source: analog or digital

• Transmitter: transducer, amplifier, modulator,

oscillator, power amp., antenna

• Channel: e.g. cable, optical fibre, free space

• Receiver: antenna, amplifier, demodulator, oscillator,

power amplifier, transducer

• Recipient: e.g. person, (loud) speaker, computer

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 Analog signal vs Digital signal

• Q2: Classify the following data:

Analog or Digital
1.) speech
2.) music
3.) temperature readings

4.) images stored on film

• Ex. 1A 2D 3D 4A
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 Analog signal vs Digital signal
• Major classification of data: analog vs. digital
Ø Analog signals
ü speech
ü music
ü temperature readings, barometric pressure, wind speed
ü images stored on film
Ø Analog signals can be represented (approx) using bits
ü audio: 8, 16, 24 bits per sample
ü digitized images (can be compressed using JPEG)
ü digitized video (can be compressed to MPEG)

• Bits: text, computer data

• The word “bit” was coined in the late 1940s by John

Tukey, co-inventor of Fast Fourier Transform

• Q3: Give Example of a Digital Audio file format

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Analog Messages

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Digital Messages

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Digital Communication Block Diagram

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Digital Techniques used in each Block

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 Types of Digital communication systems

ü Public Switched Telephone Network (voice,fax,modem)

ü Satellite systems
ü Radio, TV broadcasting
ü Cellular phones
ü Computer networks (LANs, WANs, WLANs)

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Why Digital Communications?

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What is Digital Communications?

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Analog vs. Digital Modulation
• AM vs. ASK

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Why digital?

n Digital techniques need to distinguish between discrete

symbols allowing regeneration versus amplification

n Good processing techniques are available for digital

signals.
qData compression (or source coding)
qError Correction (or channel coding)(A/D conversion)

qEqualization

qSecurity

n Easy to mix signals and data using digital techniques

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Regenerative Repeater in Digital Communications

• Digital communications: Transmitted signals belong to a finite

set of waveforms → The distorted signal can be recovered to its
ideal shape, hence removing all the noise
• Analog communications: Transmitted signals are analog
waveforms, which can take infinite variety of shapes → Once
the analog signal is distorted, the distortion cannot be removed

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Digital vs. Analog

• Advantages:
Digital signals are much easier to be regenerated
Digital circuits are less subject to distortion and
interference
Digital circuits are more reliable and can be
produced at a lower cost than analog circuits
It is more flexible to implement digital hardware
than analog hardware

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Digital vs. Analog

• Disadvantages:
Heavy signal processing
Synchronization is crucial
Larger transmission bandwidth
Non-graceful degradation

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Analog vs. Digital Transmission

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 Analog Transmission

• Analog signal transmitted without regard to content

• May be analog or digital data
• Attenuated over distance
• Use amplifiers to boost signal
• Also amplifies noise

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Digital Transmission

• Concerned with content

• Integrity endangered by noise, attenuation etc.
• Repeaters used
• Repeater receives signal
• Extracts bit pattern
• Retransmits
• Attenuation is overcome
• Noise is not amplified

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Advantages of Digital Transmission

• Digital technology
Low cost LSI/VLSI technology
• Data integrity
Longer distances over lower quality lines
• Capacity utilization
High bandwidth links economical
High degree of multiplexing easier with digital techniques
• Security & Privacy
Encryption
• Integration
Can treat analog and digital data similarly

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 Transmission Impairments

• Signal received may differ from signal transmitted

• Analog - degradation of signal quality
• Digital - bit errors
• Caused by
Attenuation and attenuation distortion
Delay distortion
Noise

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Homework 1

• Illustrate the comparison between Analog TV and Digital TV

broadcasting in terms of the source signal is transformed,
transmitted and received at the TV receiver end using a block
diagram.

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 Questions…Questions…Questions…

See you next meeting!

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