1. Linguistics is the scientific study of language. The document introduces different views on the nature of language:
2. Structuralists see language as an observable system with patterns and rules, focusing on its structure.
3. Transformationalists believe language is innate and universal, with all languages sharing key features.
4. Functionalists view language as a dynamic system for exchanging information between a community to express meanings and functions.
1. Linguistics is the scientific study of language. The document introduces different views on the nature of language:
2. Structuralists see language as an observable system with patterns and rules, focusing on its structure.
3. Transformationalists believe language is innate and universal, with all languages sharing key features.
4. Functionalists view language as a dynamic system for exchanging information between a community to express meanings and functions.
1. Linguistics is the scientific study of language. The document introduces different views on the nature of language:
2. Structuralists see language as an observable system with patterns and rules, focusing on its structure.
3. Transformationalists believe language is innate and universal, with all languages sharing key features.
4. Functionalists view language as a dynamic system for exchanging information between a community to express meanings and functions.
Definition of Language A. Linguistics and English Language
Language Teaching •a system of conventional spoken, manual, or written symbols by means of which human beings, as members of a social group and participants in its culture, express themselves. •The functions of language include communication, the expression of identity, play, imaginative expression, and emotional release (Robert Henry Robins, David Crystal). Introduction To Linguistics certain fixed or established, systematic Spanish- pajaro , English- bird order to form meaningful units or words. 2. The transformationalists believe that language is Views about Language •Examples: a system of knowledge made manifest in linguistic 1 •The structuralists believe that language can be A.No words in English forms but innate and, in its most abstract form, described in terms of observable and verifiable data as starts with bz-, lr-, or zl- combination, but universal. it is being used. there are those that begin with spr-, str- #Language is a mental phenomenon •They also describe language in terms of its (as in spring and string). •It is not mechanical structure and according to the regularities and B.•The sentence “Vince ➢Language is innate patterns or rules in language structure. bought a new book” is acceptable but the •To them, language is a system of speech sounds, group of words “ Vince bought new book •The presence of the language acquisition arbitrary assigned to the objects, states, and concepts a” is not acceptable as the word order of device (LAD) in the human brain predisposes all to which they refer, used for human communication. the latter violates the established normal children to acquire their first language in an ➢Language is a means of convention in English grammar, the amazingly short time, around five years from both. communication Subject- Verb- Object or SV-O word order. ➢Language is universal •Language is an important means of •Language is a system of •It is universal in the scene that all communicating between humans of their ideas, structurally related elements or ‘building normal children the world over acquire a mother beliefs, or feelings. Language gives shape to people’s blocks’ for the encoding of meaning, the tongue but it is also universal in the sense that, at a thoughts, as well as guides and controls their activity. elements being phonemes (sounds), highly abstract level, all languages must share key ➢Language is primarily vocal morphemes (words), tagmemes (phrases features of human languages, such as all languages •Language is speech, primarily made up of vocal and sentences/ clauses). Language have sounds; all languages have rules that form sounds produced by the speech apparatus in the learning, it is assumed, entails mastering sounds into words, words into phrases and clauses; human body. the elements or the building blocks of the and all languages have transformation rules that •The primary medium of language is speech. language and the learning rules by which enable speakers to ask questions, negate sentences, Speech is language; the written record is but a these elements are combined, from issue orders, defocus the doer of the action, etc. secondary representation of the language. Linguists phoneme to morpheme to word to phrase ➢Language is creative claim that speech is primary, writing secondary. to sentence. •It enables native speakers to produce and •Therefore, it is assumed that speech has a priority in #Language is arbitrary understand sentences they have not heard nor used language teaching. • There is no inherent relation before. between the words of language and their meanings or the ideas conveyed by them. Put another way, there is no one to one ➢Language is a system of systems correspondence between the structure of •Language is not a disorganized or a chaotic a word and the thing it stands for. combination of sounds. Sounds are arranged in • Examples: Filipino- ibon , Introduction To Linguistics performing social transactions between individuals. 3. •The functionalists believe that language is a •It is a tool for creating and dynamic system through which members of a maintaining social relations through community exchange information. conversations. Language teaching •It is a vehicle for the expression of functional content, according to this view, may be meaning such as expressing one’s emotions, specified and organized by patterns of persuading people, asking and giving information, exchange and interaction. making people do things for others. #This view of language emphasizes the meaning and functions rather than the grammatical characteristics of language, and leads to a language teaching content consisting of categories of meaning/ notions and functions rather than of elements of structure and grammar.
4. •The interactionists believe that language is a
vehicle for establishing interpersonal relations and for
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