LECTURE ONE

METHOD OF SIMPLE BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS

1. Project Planning and Design:

 Define the project scope, budget, and schedule.
 Develop architectural and structural designs, including floor plans and elevations.
2. Site Preparation and Setting Out:
 Clear the construction site of debris, vegetation, and obstacles.
 Establish reference points on the site using surveying equipment.
 Transfer dimensions and layout from architectural drawings to the site.
 Erect batter boards or profiles at the corners of the building footprint.
 Use leveling instruments and plumb lines to ensure accurate horizontal and vertical
alignment.
 Mark the positions of foundation walls, corners, and structural elements based on the
established reference points and strings.
3. Foundation Construction:
 Excavate the foundation area to the required depth and dimensions.
 Pour concrete footings in trenches along the foundation perimeter.
 Construct foundation walls using concrete blocks or poured concrete.
4. Footings and Foundation Walls:
 Build foundation walls using appropriate materials and techniques.
 Ensure proper alignment, leveling, and reinforcement as per structural design.
5. Floor Construction:
 Place a moisture barrier or insulation on the foundation.
 Pour a concrete slab or install floor joists and subflooring if applicable.
6. Wall Framing:
 Assemble wall frames using wood or steel studs.
 Install headers, sills, and king studs for door and window openings.
7. Roofing:
 Install roofing material such as shingles, metal panels, or other chosen material.
 Ensure proper ventilation and flashing around roof penetrations.
8. Exterior Finishes:
 Apply exterior finishes such as siding, stucco, or brick veneer.
 Install doors, windows, and any necessary weatherproofing elements.
9. Interior Rough-In:
 Rough-in electrical, plumbing, and HVAC systems.
 Install wiring, pipes, and ductwork within the walls and ceilings.
10. Interior Finishes:
 Install flooring, trim, and paint the interior.
 Install fixtures like lighting, switches, outlets, and plumbing fixtures.
11. Final Systems Testing:
 Test electrical, plumbing, and HVAC systems to ensure functionality.
 Address any issues or deficiencies identified during testing.
12. Exterior Landscaping:
  Landscape the exterior surroundings with grass, plants, and other landscaping elements.
13. Final Inspection and Approvals:
 Schedule a final inspection by local authorities to ensure compliance with building codes.
 Obtain necessary certificates and approvals for occupancy.