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5403 Ict Assignment No.1
5403 Ict Assignment No.1
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SEMESTER: 2nd
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PROGRAM: BS ACCOUNTING & FINANCE
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SUBJECT: BASICS OF INFORMATION
& COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
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COURSE CODE:5403
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Assignment No. 1
Q. 1 (a) Define Information & Communication Technologies.
Also write down at-least ten practical applications of ICT in the
fields of education, sports, media and entertainment.
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Definition:
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Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is technology
that is used to handle communications processes such as
telecommunications, broadcast media, intelligent building
management systems, audio visual processing and transmission
systems, and network-based control and monitoring functions.
ICT was also recently used to express the use of communication lines,
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to transfer various types and formats of data. Audio and video
networks and computer networks are combined through a common
cable system, such as providing internet, telephone, and television
services to homes and companies through a single optical cable,
which contributes to a significant reduction in costs.
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easily accessed and you can watch movies and listen to music directly
from the Internet. ICT adds more interactive technologies to TV
shows. Digital cameras, printers and scanners have enabled more
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people to experience image production, in addition to developing
graphic interfaces.
4. ICT IN MEDICAL SCIENCE:
Medical devices and modern equipment have evolved considerably
fevering information and communications technology. Information
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and communication technologies (ICT) are related to the devices,
resources and tools needed to improve the acquisition, retrieval,
storage and use of information in health and biomedicine.
That is why we find that most of the medical devices that now exist
rely on information and communication technology in the way of use,
detection and treatment of diseases.
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data displays, interactive electronic boards, and others in the process
of communicating information to students.
8. ICT IN AGRICULTURE:
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Information and communication technology in agriculture helps in
the growing demand for new approaches and focuses on enhancing
agricultural and rural development through better information and
communication processes. ICT also helps empower rural people by
providing better farming techniques, better access to natural
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resources, effective production strategies, and digital marketing
strategies for agribusiness and financial services, etc.
9. ICT IN BUSINESS:
The use of information and communications technology is very
important for businesses to establish a hassle-free and secure
communication flow and to meet daily operational tasks. ICT tools
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used for a variety of purposes ranging from browsing the web, writing
documents, editing videos, creating applications, playing video
games, etc. Society has come to rely heavily on computers. Computers
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affect nearly every aspect of our lives. Although there are
disadvantages to using a computer, we believe the advantages greatly
outweigh them. Parents, if you're on the fence about the decision on
whether or not to buy your child a computer, perhaps these
advantages can help convince you.
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SOME ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER IN DAILY LIFE
Computers increase your productivity and, with a good understanding
of the software running on them, you become more productive at
everything you do. For example, once you have a basic understanding
of using a word processor, you can create, store, edit, share, and
print documents and letters. Each of these tasks was either impossible
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through millions of possible signs of cancer and give a positive or
negative result in less than a few minutes. Scientists are also using
computers to help invent new methods of curing diseases with protein
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sequence pattern matching.
Computers can also give you a better understanding of data and big
data. For example, a business could have a database of items they've
sold. Using that data, they can quickly identify what sells best at what
time of year, when to mark up or down items, and what items are not
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selling. Having access to this type of information gives the business a
better understanding of their customers and a competitive edge
against their competitors.
family over e- mail and social networking. You can also connect with
millions of other people who share your same interests through online
forums, chat, and VoIP services, like Skype. Connecting to people
worldwide is also an excellent way to meet people you would usually
never meet. Another great thing about communication on the Internet
is that it's fast compared to other forms of communication. For
example, you could send someone an e-mail on the other side of the
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planet and have it arrive in less than a few minutes. Snail mail (postal
mail) could take days or even weeks to arrive. One of the most
significant impacts computers have on our community is when
computers are connected to the Internet. It is an educational tool that
helps answer almost any question, teaching you anything that
interests you. You can also access worldwide news to keep up-to-date
with all of the latest news, weather, and stories around the world.
Question no:2 Differentiate the following: -
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• LCD & LED Monitors
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IMAGE SCANNER:
An image scanner—often abbreviated to just scanner—is a device that
optically scans images, printed text, handwriting or an object and
converts it to a digital image. Commonly used in offices are
variations of the desktop flatbed scanner where the document is
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placed on a glass window for scanning.
DATA SCANNER:
Scanner is an input device that scans documents such as photographs
and pages of text. When a document is scanned, it is converted into a
digital format. This creates an electronic version of the document that
can be viewed and edited on a computer.
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DRUM PRINTERS:
A drum is a cylinder in a laser printer that transfers what is being
printed to paper. In the picture below, is an example of what a drum
looks like inside a laser printer.
PEN PLOTTER:
A graphics printer that draws images with ink pens. Plotters actually
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draw point- to-point lines directly from vector graphics files. The
plotter was the first computer output device that could print graphics
as well as accommodate full-size engineering and architectural
drawings.
LCD:
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is used for displaying the texts and
images in the form of a dot matrix or segments. The LCD has liquid
crystal filament which is filled between the transparent electrodes.
When the current passes between the electrodes, the filaments become
energized and emit visible light. An LCD can be defined as a smooth
board with the electronic visuals display which works through the
light that has the quality of the liquid crystal. LCDs are super-thin
shows that are utilized as a part of tablet phone and level board
screens. Smaller LCDs can be utilized as a part of handheld TVs,
PDAs, and compact computer game gadgets.
LED:
LED (Light Emitting Diode) is a PN junction diode that emits light
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when an electric current flows through it in the forward direction.
The LED is constructed by doping the p-type and n-type material.
When the power is applied across the LED the recombination of P-
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type and N-type material charges takes place. The recombination of
charges gives energy in the form of heat and light.
LARGE VENUE PROJECTORS:
Large venue projectors are often considered the best of the best, and
consistently trend towards the more expensive end of the projector
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market. Ideal for large auditoriums, museums and shows, these
professional-standard devices provide the optimum image that can be
perfectly manipulated to suit their surroundings. Despite their
obvious benefits, large venue projectors are not perfect for everyone
or every environment.
HOME CINEMA PROJECTORS
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There are two kinds of projectors for the home. Since most people
want to watch in a room that is not darkened like a commercial
theatre, the home video projector is designed to put out a lot of light
so the picture looks bright and vibrant even in ambient light.
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Q. 3 (a) Discuss the classification of computer with
examples. Also explain the types of memory in detail. (20)
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1. PC (PERSONAL COMPUTER):
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A PC can be defined as a small, relatively inexpensive computer
designed for an individual user. PCs are based on the microprocessor
technology that enables manufacturers to put an entire CPU on one
chip. Businesses use personal computers for word processing,
accounting, desktop publishing, and for running spreadsheet and
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database management applications. At home, the most popular use
for personal computers is playing games and surfing the Internet.
Although personal computers are designed as single-user systems,
these systems are normally linked together to form a network. In
terms of power, nowadays high- end models of the Macintosh and PC
offer the same computing power and graphics capability as low-end
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capable of supporting hundreds or even thousands of users
simultaneously. Mainframe executes many programs concurrently
and supports much simultaneous execution of programs.
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5. SUPER COMPUTER:
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The main function of a computer port is to act as a point of
attachment, where the cable from the peripheral can be plugged in
and allows data to flow from and to the device. A computer port is
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also called as a Communication Port as it is responsible for
communication between the computer and its peripheral device.
SERIAL PORT:
This type of ports provides an interface to connect to peripheral
devices using a serial protocol. In this port, the rate of transmission
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of data is one bit at a time through a single communication line
PARALLEL PORT:
As the name suggests, a parallel port is an interface that allows
communication or data transfer between a computer and a device in a
parallel manner through more than one communication line. For
example, a printer port is a parallel port.
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USB:
USB (Universal Serial Bus) port is very versatile in use; It can be
used for various purposes, such as to transfer data, to connect
peripheral devices, and even as an interface for charging devices
such as smartphones, digital cameras, etc. Today, it has replaced
game ports, serial and parallel ports.
DISPLAY PORT:
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spatial (i.e., continuous and multi-dimensional) data to a computer.
CAD systems and graphical user interfaces (GUI) allow the user to
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control and provide data to the computer using physical gestures by
moving a hand-held mouse or similar device across the surface of the
physical desktop and activating switches on the mouse. Movements of
the pointing device are echoed on the screen by movements of the
pointer (or cursor) and other visual changes. Common gestures are
point and click and drag and drop.
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1. Mouse:
A mouse moves the graphical pointer
by being slid across a smooth surface.
The conventional roller-ball mouse
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2. JOYSTICK:-
A joystick is an input device consisting of a
stick that pivots on a base and reports its
angle or direction to the device it is
controlling. A joystick, also known as the
control column,Joysticks are often used to
control video games, and usually have
one or more push-buttons whose state can
also be read by the computer. A popular
variation of the joystick used on modern video game consoles is the
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analog stick. Joysticks are also used for controlling machines such as
cranes, trucks, underwater unmanned vehicles, wheelchairs,
surveillance cameras, and zero turning radius lawn mowers.
3.
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POINTING STICK:-
A pointing stick is an isometric joystick used as a
pointing device, as with a touchpad or trackball, and
typically mounted in a computer keyboard.
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Movements of the pointing stick are echoed on the
screen by movements of the pointer (or cursor) and
other visual changes.
The pointing stick operates by sensing applied force,
by using a pair of resistive strain gauges. A pointing
stick can be used by pushing with the fingers in the
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general direction the user wants the cursor to move. The velocity of
the pointer depends on the applied force so increasing pressure
causes faster movement.
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4. STYLUS:-
A stylus is a small pen-shaped instrument that is used to input
commands to a computer screen, mobile device or graphics tablet.
The stylus is the primary input device for personal digital assistants
and smartphones that require accurate input, although devices
featuring multi-touch finger-input with capacitive touchscreens are
becoming more popular than stylus- driven devices in the
smartphone market.
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5. TOUCH PAD:-
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A touchpad or trackpad is a flat surface that can
detect finger contact. It is a stationary pointing
device, commonly used on laptop computers. At
least one physical button normally comes with
the touchpad, but the user can also generate a
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mouse click by tapping on the pad. Advanced
features include pressure sensitivity and special
gestures such as scrolling by moving one's finger
along an edge.
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6. LIGHT PEN:-
A light pen is a device similar to a touch screen, but uses a
special light-sensitive pen instead of the finger, which allows
for more accurate screen input. As the tip of the light pen
makes contact with the screen, it sends a signal back to the
computer containing the coordinates of the pixels at that
point. It can be used to draw on the computer screen or make
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monitor, or system LCD monitor screens of
laptop computers. Users interact with the
device by physically pressing items shown on
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the screen, either with their fingers or some
helping tool.
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Q. 5 (a) Describe any three input and three output devices
with examples.
Following are some of the important input devices which are
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used in a computer −
INPUT DEVICES:
An input device is a piece of equipment used to provide data and
control signals to an information processing system, such as a
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computer or information appliance. Examples of input devices include
keyboards, mouse, scanners, cameras, joysticks, and microphones
KEYBOARD
Keyboard is the most common and very popular input device which
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helps to input data to the computer. The layout of the keyboard is like
that of traditional typewriter, although there are some additional keys
provided for performing additional functions.
Keyboards are of two sizes 84 keys or 101/102 keys, but now
keyboards with 104 keys or 108 keys are also available for Windows
and Internet.
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MOUSE
JOYSTICK
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Joystick is also a pointing device, which is used to move the cursor
position on a monitor screen. It is a stick having a spherical ball at its
both lower and upper ends. The lower spherical ball moves in a
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socket. The joystick can be moved in all four directions.
The function of the joystick is similar to that of a mouse. It is mainly
used in Computer Aided Designing (CAD) and playing computer
games.
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OUTPUT DEVICES:
MONITORS:
information. It shows all the data and information as Soft Copy on its
screen. It acts as an interface between the CPU and the user.
A cable is connected with a video adapter set up with the computer’s
motherboard to display the data. Anyone can view Files, photos,
videos, texts, graphics, and tables in real-time through the monitor.
PRINTER:
A printer is an electronic external output device of the computer used
to print digital information on paper as a hard copy. Since the main
task of printers is to convert the data from soft copy to hard copy on
the computer. The printer prints the files stored in a computer(data
can be in text form), it can be small or big as per the page size.
Printers are used to print signs, office documents at offices, homes,
PPT, and business establishments.
The resolution or clarity of images produced by a printer is measures
in DPI (dots per inch) resolution. The more dots per fleas a printer
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has, the better quality can be printed and seen more clearly.
Usually, the printer is connected to a computer with a data cable or
only a wireless connection with Wi-Fi. At present, many digital
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printers are featured with the latest wireless technologies like
Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or cloud. Due to this, it becomes easier to complete
the printing task.
THE MULTIMEDIA SCREEN PROJECTOR
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although this is starting to change. It has also meant that LED TVs
run with greater energy efficiency and can provide a clearer, better
picture than the general LCD TVs. LED TVs provide a better picture
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for two basic reasons. First, LED TVs work with a colour wheel or
distinct RGB-coloured lights (red, green, blue) to produce more
realistic and sharper colours. Second, light emitting diodes can be
dimmed. The dimming capability on the back lighting in an LED TV
allows the picture to display with a truer black by darkening the lights
and blocking more light from passing through the panel. This
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capability is not present on edge-lit LED TVs; however, edge-lit LED
TVs can display a truer white than the fluorescent LED TVs.
Because all these LCD TVs are thin-screen, each has particular
angle-viewing and anti-glare issues. The backlit TVs provide better,
cleaner angle viewing than the edge-lit LED TV. However, the backlit
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LED TV will usually have better angle viewing than the standard
LCD TV. Both LED and LCD TVs have good reputations for their
playback and gaming quality.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LED AND LCD
LED stands for Light Emitting Diode while LCD is short for Liquid
Crystal Display. The difference between the two is the placement and
type of light used. LEDs use diodes while LCDs use fluorescent lights.
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LEDs are also slimmer than LCDs and provide a better quality,
clearer picture with high-definition output.
LEDs last longer with a lifespan of around 100,000 hours. On the
other hand, LCDs have a shorter lifespan of 75,000 hours.
LEDs have better picture quality because they have RGB colour
wheels installed in them, which produce sharper and more realistic
images. Moreover, light-emitting diodes have a dimming property,
which allows them to display accurate colours by blocking excessive
light.
LED TVs are more efficient and consume less power. They can also
work with low power sources and are compatible with generators and
solar panels, making them 20 to 30 percent more energy-efficient than
LCD TVs.
LEDs are brighter and have better contrast, making them a great
choice for gaming. But they’re also more expensive, so if you’re on a
budget, LCDs still work just fine for gaming.
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