Fill in the gap with the suitable words or phrases

1………………. factors that influence the behavior of workers towards achieving business goals.
2……………….The enjoyment a worker gets from feeling that they have done a good job. There
are three ways to motivate workers to be more committed to their job and work more effectively:
3. …………… (swapping workers round and only doing a specific task for a limited time before
swapping round again).
4……………(extra tasks are added to the job to make it more interesting)
5…………………….. (adding tasks that require more skill and/or responsibility)
6. ………………The average person does not like work. Workers must be constantly supervised
so they will work. Motivation is from external factors, e.g. pay schemes where the workers are
paid more for increased output.
7…………… The average person is motivated by internal factors. To motivate workers, you need
to find ways to help workers take an interest in their work, e.g. give rewards, incentives.
8…..……..: A theory of motivation which states that five categories of human needs dictate an
individual's behavior. Those needs are physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging
needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs.
9…………………..Humans have two sets of needs: one is for the basic needs, which he called
hygiene factors or needs, and the second is for a human being to be able to grow psychologically,
which he called motivational needs or motivators.
10…………..The factors that must be present in the workplace to prevent job dissatisfaction.
11……………..The process used to accomplish organizational goals through planning,
organizing, leading, and controlling people and other organizational resources.
12……………..An individual who is in charge of a certain group off tasks, or a certain area or
department of a business.
13………………….The most senior manager responsible for the overall performance and success
of a company.
14…………….A management function that includes anticipating trends and determining the best
strategies and tactics to achieve organizational goals and objectives.
15……………..A management function that includes designing the structure of the organization
and creating conditions and systems in which everyone and everything work together to achieve
the organization’s goals and objectives.
16…………: Creating a vision for the organization and guiding, training, coaching, and motivating
others to work effectively to achieve the organization’s goals and objectives.
17………………..A management function that involves establishing clear standards to determine
whether or not an organization is progressing toward its goals and objectives, rewarding people
for doing a good job, and taking corrective action if they are not.
18…………….. The extent to which a job demands different skills.
19………… The degree to which a job has a visible outcome.20
20. …………………… The degree to which a job has an impact on the work of others.
21…………..The degree of freedom and choice that people have in scheduling work and
determining procedures.
22. ………………The amount of direct and dear information that is received about performance.
23…………… combining a series of tasks into one challenging and interesting assignment
24…………….. - moving employees from one job to another.
25……………….. The levels of management and division of responsibilities within an
organization.
26. …………………The levels of management in any organization, from the highest to the lowest.
A level of hierarchy refers to managers/ supervisors, other employees who are given a similar level
of responsibility in an organization.
27………………….. The structure in an organization which allows instructions to be passed down
from senior management to lower levels of management.
28. …………The number of subordinates working directly under a manager.
29……………Senior managers who lead a particular department or division of a business.
30……….People who have responsibility for people below them in the hierarchy of an
organization.
31…………. Junior managers who have direct control over the employees below them in the
organizational structure.
32………………Specialists who provide support, information and assistance to line managers.
33………………. Giving a subordinate the authority to perform a particular task.
34………………Taking decision away from the centre of an organization- way from the Head
Office.
35………………is a combination of the words "globalization" and "localization." The term
is used to describe a product or service that is developed and distributed globally but is
also adjusted to accommodate the user or consumer in a local market.

36…………. is defined as the complex system of values, traits, morals, and customs
shared by a society.
37………….. refers to the stimuli/ stɪmjəlaɪ/, environment, or ambience surrounding an
event.
38…………..was developed by linguist and leading cross-cultural specialist Richard D.
Lewis. The model divides humans into 3 clear categories, based not on nationality or
religion but on BEHAVIOUR, namely, Linear-active/ˈlɪn.i.ər/ tuyến tính, Multi-active and
Reactive.
39………….is a culture by which the rules of communication are primarily and dominantly
transmitted through the use of contextual elements. These include specific forms of body
language, the social or familial status of an individual, and the tone of voice employed
during speech. High-context cultures usually do not have rules that are explicitly written
or stated.
40………………refers to a culture whereby most communications take place through
verbal language and rules are directly written out or stated for all to view.
41…………is the distribution of power among individuals within a culture and how well
unequal levels of power are accepted by those with less power.
42……………..the processfrom identifying that the business needs to employ someone up to the
point at which applications havearrived at the business.
43…………….- the process of evaluating candidates for a specific job and selecting an individual
for employmentbased on the needs of the organisation.
44…………….- identifies andrecords the responsibilitiesand tasks relating to a job.
45……………- outlines the responsibilities and duties to be carried out by someone employed
to do a specific job.
46…………….- a document which outlinesthe requirements, qualifications, expertise, physical
characteristics, etc., for a specified job.
47…………….when a vacancy is filled by someone who is an existing employee of the business.
48………….- when a vacancy is filled by someone who is not an existing employee and will be
new to the business.
49……………an introduction given to a new employee, explaining the business’s activities,
customs and procedures and introducing them to their fellow workers.
50…………occurs by watching a moreexperienced worker doing the job.
51…………..- involves being trained awayfrom the workplace, usuallyby specialist trainers
52………..of industry extracts and uses the natural resources of Earth to produce raw materials
used by other businesses.
53………..of industry manufactures goods using the raw materials provided by the primary sector.
54…………………of industry provides services to consumers and the other sectors of industry.
55……………….has both a private sector and a public (state) sector.
56…………………: the sector of the economy in which organisations are owned and controlled
by the state (government)
 57………………: The sector of the economy in which organisations are owned and controlled
by individuals.
58………………..The sale of state-owned assets such as public corporations to the private
sector.
59…………….a business owned and operated by one person.
60………..the liability of shareholders in a company is limited to only the amount they invested.
61…………..the owners of a business can be held responsible for the debts of the business they
own. Their liability is not limited to the investment they made in the business.
62…………….a form of business in which two or more people agree to jointly own a business.
63…………..the owners of a limited company. They buy shares which represent part-
ownership of the company.
64…………..businesses owned by shareholders but they cannot sell shares to the public.
65………..businesses owned by shareholders but they can sell shares to the public and their
shares are tradeable on the Stock Exchange.
66…………..: the production of goods and services with the minimum waste of resources.
67……………the production of items one at a time.
68…………the production of goods in batches. Each batch passes through one stage of production
before moving onto the next stage.
69……………..the production of very large quantities of identical goods using a continuously
moving process.
70…………….is a production method that involves reducing or virtually eliminating the need to
hold inventories of raw materials or unsold inventories of the finished product
71……….the marketing activity that involves planning, implementing, and controlling the physical flow of
materials, final goods, and related information from points of origin to points of consumption to meet
customer requirements at a profit.
72……………..the area of logistics that involves bringing raw materials, packaging, other goods and
services, and information from suppliers to producers.
73………………….the movement of goods within a warehouse, from warehouses to the factory floor, and
from the factory floor to various workstations.
74………………the area of logistics that involves managing the flow of finished products and information
to business buyers and ultimate consumers (people like you and me).
75…………..the area of logistics that involves bringing goods back to the manufacturer because of defects
or for recycling /rɪˈvɜːs/

76________________ is measuring your performance against other companies that are best in
class and then using the information to improve.
77________________ is the amount by which a parameter (eg. size) can vary from the norm before
the piece becomes a defect.

78________________is a set of international standards of quality. Companies can be audited for

compliance with one of the standards, and then publicly state that they're ‘________________-
certified’

79_______________ is when a requirement has not been met. It does not need to be a serious
defect, it could be a simple mark on the surface that spoils the appearance.

80________________ is the name of a well-known quality methodology. It takes a highly

disciplined approach to eliminating defects in manufacturing. This term originally comes from
statistics.

81________________ are statistical measures of how well an organization is doing in particular

areas. The term is particularly common in production and operations, but is used throughout
business.

82________________ are those that a future outcome. For example, predict levels of staff
satisfaction are often a leading indicator of quality. A more motivated workforce will make fewer
mistakes.

83________________ are those that show a result. For example, warranty claims are a lagging
indicator of quality. Fewer claims mean that earlier actions to improve quality are now working.
(A ‘lag’ is a delay between two events).