Partners: Supported by:

The Balancing & Resilience Potential

of EVs and Associated Infrastructure
Greg Payne
Cenex

ERRA Webinar: E-Mobility: EV Charging, Network Tariffs and Related Regulatory Implications
September 3-4, 2020
About Us

Independent

Not-for-profit

Experts

Lowering your emissions through innovation

in transport and energy infrastructure |2|
Why is Balancing and Resilience Important?

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 The Energy System is in Transition

Fossil Fuelled Generation Low Carbon Generation

High OPEX Generation Low OPEX Generation

Central Generation Distributed Generation

Demand Led System Generation Led System

Firm Dispatchable Generation Intermittent Generation

Value per kWh (energy) Value per kW (capacity)

All leading to requirements for distributed, co-ordinated flexibility

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Electricity Demand from EVs is on the up!

• In ten years time global

electricity demand from EVs
could be ten times what it is
now.
• By 2030 there could be as
many as 245 million EVs on
the road

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Source: IEA, Global EV Outlook 2020
Decarbonisation is Driving Coordination in the
Energy System
• Decarbonisation drives significant additional load on the electricity network
through EVs and electrification of heat
• Local constraint management will become increasingly important as
distribution networks approach capacity limits
• Balancing generation and demand is imperative for a cheaper energy system
• A more complex system needs better resilience

Increasingly, a coordinated approach to energy, through a smart cities

approach is becoming attractive.

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Slide Title

Slide Text

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What Can Be Done With EVs?

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What Are the Important Factors?
• Dwell Times for EVs
• More Specifically Plugged-in-Not-Charging time (PiNC time)
• Linked to Charger Power

Higher PiNC time

Higher Charger Higher Power/Speed
Intelligence
Greater Flexibility

Standard Rapid Ultra-Rapid

0 – 22kW AC 43kW AC, 50kW DC 150kW+ DC
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Smart Versus V2G: Capabilities

Services Smart V2G

Charging Time shifting Yes Yes

Constraint Management Only if charging Yes

System Stability Only if charging Yes

(Response)
Energy Trading No Yes

Local Renewable Limited Yes

Optimisation

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Smart Versus V2G: Technical
Requirements/Availability

Technical Area Smart V2G

Vehicle Widely accepted Limited models that
accept V2G
Charging Widely available Now becoming
Infrastructure commercially available
Platform Can be managed Trading platform
locally required

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 What’s Been Demonstrated So Far?

Project CME: Smart Charging via Energy Platform Operation

Unmanaged Managed Solar PV and V2G Solar PV, V2G

charging charging Bidirectional and stationary
charging battery storage

Presentation at EVS32
Source: http://www.nweurope.eu/projects/project-search/cleanmobilenergy-clean-mobility-and-energy-for-cities/
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 What’s Been Demonstrated So Far?

Project Sciurus:

• >300 Domestic V2G

chargepoints installed in UK
• Centrally optimised to reduce
energy cost, balance grid and
preserve battery
• Local override for the users

Source: Kaluza, Freeing up the locked down grid | 13 |

 What’s Further Down the Line?

• Smart Cities: co-

ordinating
transport, heat,
cooling, energy,
renewables
• V2G UPS
• Emergency power
from large EVs at
disaster zones
• CAVs plugging in
to relieve black
outs

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How Much Can Be Done?

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 How Much Can Be Done?
EV Charging Demand at Average Cold Spell Winter Peak
• The UK ESO’s (National Demand GB (Consumer Transformation Scenario)

Grid) Future Energy

Scenarios demonstrate
the potential for EV
balancing.
• Assumes 73% uptake of
Smart charging, 26%
uptake of V2G by 2050

Source: National Grid ESO, Future Energy Scenarios 2020 | 16 |

 How Much Can Be Done?
GB Storage Capacity (Consumer Transformation Scenario)

By 2050 the volume

of energy stored in
V2G compatible EVs
could dwarf all other
electrically
connected storage
capacities in GB

Source: National Grid ESO, Future Energy Scenarios 2020 | 17 |

What are the Challenges

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 What Are The Challenges?
• Cost barriers to adoption of smart technology
➢Price signals must be enough to cover technology costs
➢Well formed resilience and flexibility products, standardized where
possible
• Widespread V2G compatibility
➢CCS V2G standard
• In a Smart City Context:
➢How do you control and optimise across a whole city?
➢How do you interact with dumb systems?
➢How do things work during the transition period?
• Battery degradation – will it be worth providing flexibility?

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In Conclusion

Decarbonisation is driving the need for

greater coordination in the energy
system

Both Smart charging and V2G have

been demonstrated to help

High V2G uptake could provide a very

large contribution to the system’s
flexibility requirements

Challenges remain in cost versus price

signals, coordination & integration
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 Find Out More

Find out about our V2G Projects:

www.cenex.co.uk/energy-
infrastructure/trials-and-
demonstrators/vehicle-to-grid-v2g/

Download our Free Industry

Reports on V2G:
www.cenex.co.uk/resources/?s=V2G

Attend Cenex LCV:

https://www.cenex-lcv.co.uk/

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 THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
Greg Payne
Modelling & Simulation Lead
greg.payne@cenex.co.uk

https://erranet.org/