2 Laws of Integral Indices

2.2 Zero and Negative Integral Indices

Name: _________________________ Class: ___________

Objectives: 1. Understand the meanings of zero and negative integral indices.

2. Learn that the laws of indices hold for all integral indices.

Key Points
1. If a  0, then a0 = 1.
2. If a  0 and n is a positive integer, then
1
a−n =
an
3. If a, b  0 and both m and n are integers, then
am
(i) am  an = am+ n (ii) am  an = = am−n (iii) (a m )n = a mn
an
n
a an
(iv) (ab)n = a nbn (v)   = n
b b

Find the values of the following expressions without using a calculator. (1 – 4)

(Leave your answers in fractions if necessary.)
0
1
1. (a)   = 1
(b) 10 + (−3) 0 = 1 + 1

2
= 2

−2 −4 3
了然上
2.
1
3
−3
(a)    (−2) = 公 p * 3
2
1
(b)      =
4 2
-

4
X
43
= 9x 24
⼆
4X 64
⼆等 ⼆号 64 ,
×

=
泌
3
3. −2
(a) 6  6  6
2 ( 1)
−1
+
0
~ Example 2.6(a)
−2 −3
(b) (2 )  (−2)  (2 ) = −6 −3 4
26 ≡ tx 2 - ”
= 6 三
- -

) Example 1.1(a) 2

20 ×20 × 2
3
⼆
-

-2
6 =

⽅ =
20
=
216 =
1
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 2 Laws of Integral Indices
−3
1
4. (a) 3  814 −2 ~ Example 2.6(b) −1 − 4
(b) (8 )    = 84 三 43
4
8
34 × 3 Example 1.1(a)
-

=
-

4
=
212÷ 26
=
3

s 澍
+8
=

Simplify the following expressions and express your answers with positive indices. (5 – 11)
2m−5  m3
立
−4
5. (a) 6t  3t = = 5 3? ~ Example 2.7(a)
4
8
(b)
18 t
-

4m 2 xm
Example 1.1(a)

号
m
:

=
mo
2

−2
1  1 
( 5 k 3)
= 2
6. (a) = ( 2a 2
)3 (b)  3 
-

(−2a −2 ) −3  − 5k 
- -

3 6
: ( 2)
-

a 6
25K
⼆
6
⼆ -

8 a

⼀
8
…
6
q

6 5
−5 a
4
y −5
-

a b y
7. (a) = (b) = ~ Example 2.7(b)
可
a − 2 b −3 ( x −1 y 4 ) 3
” Example 1.1(a)

⼆
,

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 2 Laws of Integral Indices

8. (a)
( m 3 n) 6
m10 n −4
=
on 4
(b)
8 x −4 y
(2 x 2 y −1 ) 2
=
8

× ,

8 10
=
m n ⼀聚
⼀
。

b3
×
3 "
9. (a) (a −1b)3  (ab−2 ) 2 = a 2
b (b) ( x 2 y) 0  (3x 3 y 2 ) −2 = 1
-

xa
c y ?
3 2
"1
=
a b"

6
:
y 4

−4
(h −3k 4 )2  3s 2t −3 
10. (a) ~ Example 2.8(a) (b)  −4 2  ~ Example 2.8(b)
(h0 k −1 ) −3  2s t 
Example 1.1(a) Example 1.1(a)

嘰
6

(些 p
= =
3s 40 -

K5 3
-

4524 20

⼆ : ⼀f
h 2
-

:
164 。

“
cuz) lmm −4 3 33x 3 y
最
(m 0 n) 2 (mn−2 )  3x 2  ×
11. (a) = (b)    (3xy −2 ) 3 =
m −3 n − 4  y 
3
n4
- - 5 - 2
4 = 3 1
x y
= m n4

xjyz
3

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 2 Laws of Integral Indices

Simplify the following expressions, where n is a positive integer, and express your answers with
positive indices. (12 – 13)
−3
 2−2 n  3
]
h 2
−n
12. 5  5 2 n +1
 25 = 5
2n
÷ 52 n+ 1 n
13.  2 n −1  = [ n ( 2n 1)
- -

522 2
-

x(
2 
-
n ( 2n + 1 ) + 4 n
5 4n +
-

3
)
= -

(2
-

=
+

= 5n . 12 n 3
≤
2
-

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