THE

ART OF
PAINTING
ART APPRECIATION
CHAPTER II
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the unit, the students should be able to:
1.Define painting
2.Identify different elements of painting
3.Discuss the nature of various art movements
4.Recognize Filipino foreign painters
5.Identify the materials and medium of painting
6.Apply the basic techniques of painting
7.Develop a deeper appreciation of the art of painting
A. PAINTING DEFINED
B. THE BEGINNING OF PAINTING
C. ART MOVEMENTS
D. ELEMENTS OF PAINTING
E. MATERIALS / MEDIUM
F. FOREIGN PAINTERS
G. FILIPINO PAINTERS
3 MAJOR ART
CLASSIFICATIONS
1. VISUAL ARTS - FORMS PERCEIVED BY THE
EYES
(Painting, Architecture, Sculpture, Drawing, Photography)

2. PERFORMING ARTS - FORMS IN WHICH THE

ARTISTS USED HIS/HER OWN BODY, FACE, AND
PRESENCE AS A MEDIUM

3. LITERARY ARTS - CENTERED ON CREATIVE

WRITING AND OTHER COMPOSITION PROCESSES
INTENDED TO READ
our focus:

PAINTING
PAINTING
form of visual art aims to evoke an
emotion from the viewers.
practice by applying colors or
other media to a surface with a
brush or other objects.
 B. THE BEGINNING OF
PAINTING
WHO STARTED PAINTING?
WHO MADE THE FIRST
PAINTING?
WHO INVENTED PAINTING?
 NO ONE CAN
PINPOINT A SINGLE
PERSON.
oldest art form
cave dwellers or Neanderthals
they use red ochre and black pigment; they usually depict
common animals that were hunted, also farming activities
early African ancestors began painting to communicate
among themselves and leave a sign for future generations
It is said that these abilities are the greatest inventions
and not the tools and weapons for it allowed cognitive
enhancements
B.1. CAVE DWELLERS
straws were used as first paintbrush
pigments using various flowers were used as
colors
in Eastern countries, apart from the wall
paintings, humans had started to paint on big
leaves so they could be carried around and
shown to others
B.2. MIDDLE AGES
religious specially Christianity = paintings of Jesus Christ
Jewish, Islamic and Christian uprisings
paintings focused on religions and whatever gods they allow
landscapes all across the world also started
kings and queens wanted these kinds of paintings to add
beauty to their palace
conquerors wanted to show their hard-fought battles
start of boom in painting as people wanted different painting
according to their taste
B.3. RENAISSANCE
paintings most popular stage
interest in nature, individualism,
beauty and spirituality
famous painters like Michelangelo,
Leonardo da Vinci, and Raphael were
from this era
B.4. ROCCO
‘late Baroque’
highly decorative and lavish
appearance
common subjects include young
nobles, pastoral scenes or mythology
B.5. 19TH CENTURY
arts for art’s sake
artists discover beyond history and
religion
Romanticism: focus on landscapes
Impressionism: distinct, visible small
brush strokes
Symbolism: inspiration from dreams and
mythology
B.6. 20TH CENTURY
AND BEYOND
start of art movements
start of the modern art that we know
today
C. ART MOVEMENTS
1. REALISM
2. ABSTRACTION
3. SYMBOLISM
4. FAUVISM
5. DADAISM
6. FUTURISM
7. SURREALISM
 C.1. REALISM
portray the subject as it is.

Rizal's shirtless selfie. This

is a drawing reproduced in
Austin Craig's "Life, lineage,
and labors of Jose Rizal
(1913).
C.2. ABSTRACTION
“to move away or
separate.”
does not show the subject
as an objective reality but
rather the artist’s
feelings or ideas about
it.
2.1. DISTORTION
natural form is twisted or
distorted
misshapen look of picture
presented

Example: untitled painting

by Henrietta Harris
2.2. ELONGATION
character is elongated
or extended

Example: Portrait of Lunia

Czechoiwska by Amedeo
Modigliani
2.3. MANGLING
not a common way of
presenting abstract
subjects
subjects are cut and
hacked by repeated blows

Example: The Floppy Boot

Stomp by Gina Litherland
2.4. CUBISM
takes the abstract form
through the use of a cone,
cylinder, or sphere at the
expense of other pictorial
elements

Example: Connected by
Thomas C. Fedro
C.3. SYMBOLISM
features subjects representing
an idea or concept devoid in
the image but rather expressed
through the various elements in
the piece.
The Isle of the Dead
by Symbolist painter
Arnold Bocklin was
produced in several
different versions by
altering tone.
C.4. FAUVISM
a historical art movement in the
1900s wherein artists tried to
paint pictures of comfort, joy,
and pleasure; also refers to the
style of le Fauves, a French
word for ‘the wild beasts’
Andre Derain's
The Turning
Road at
L'Estaque was
painted using
oilcanvas.
C.5. DADAISM
a protest movement in 1916 by
a group of artists in Zurich,
Switzerland wherein they
rejected logic, reason, and
aesthetics of capitalist
societies.
The piece titled Indian Dancer was
created by Hannah Hoch the only
female member of the Berlin Dada
group founded around 1918.
C.6. FUTURISM
originated in Italy in the
early 20th century, it
emphasized speed,
technology, youth and
violence, and objects such
as industrial cities and cars.
 Haycutter by Nathali
Gencharova was part of
the Russian Futurisan
Movement. This art style
expression draws
influences from the
West and mingling these
with the Russian
heritage.
C.7. SURREALISM
this style expression was
founded in Paris in 1924
by the French poet Andre
Breton
Surrealism is known for
its visual artworks which
sought to express the
imaginings of the
unconscious mind.
Salvador Dali's
Persistence of
Memory is one
of the best
known art
pieces created
under the
Surrealism
expression. .
D. ELEMENTS OF PAINTING
1. DISTANCE
2. LINE
3. COLOR
4. PERSPECTIVE
5. SHAPES
6. SYMBOL
7. LIGHT
8. COMPOSITION
 D.1. DISTANCE
Foreground –visual plane that appears closer to
the viewers; frequently the most dominant due to
the larger perceived size of the picture objects
Middle ground – illustrative plane between the
foreground and the background
Background – the plane in a composition perceived
farthest from the viewers
D.2. LINE
simplest element

Meaning of Lines:
vertical lines – action, strength,
dynamism
horizontal lines – serenity,
calmness, stability
diagonal line – tension, movement
curved lines – softness, flexibility,
gentleness
 D.3. COLOR

to convey feelings and moods within their

painting

Three Distinct Qualities

Hue
Value
Saturation/Chroma
Complementary Colors
sit contrary to each other on the color wheel
look lively when used together
red and green
Analogous Colors
sit next to each other on the color wheel
end to look pleasant together because they are closely related
orange and yellow
Neutral Colors
“earth tones”
don’t usually show up on the color wheel
-black, white, gray, and occasionally brown and beige
Warm Colors
orange, red, yellow or its
combinations
sunset = brightness and
heat

Cool Colors
blue, green, purple or its
combinations
winter skies and still
ponds = cool and peaceful
things
D.4. PERSPECTIVE
art technique for creating an illusion of three-
dimension with depth and space
real goal is creating a viewpoint for the audiences
that will best communicate the subject and serve
its particular message
what makes a painting seem to have form,
distance, and look "real"
“viewpoint” or “position”
5.5. SHAPES
an area with defined boundary
created by a variety of color, value
or texture of the areas adjacent to
it
helps express ideas, interact, and
independently evoke agitation,
purposeful energy, direction
5.6. SYMBOLS
special meaning or a
special message
used to express ideas
such as death, hope,
life, etc.
5.7. LIGHT
artists experiment with natural lighting or
using hidden spotlights to focus the
attention on what they want the viewers
to notice
light affects the color of the subjects and
objects in the painting look real and solid
if the artists show way light falls on them
use of light and darkness also conveys
particular moods
 5.8. COMPOSITION
planning on how to arrange elements

like color, lines, and shapes

likened to an invisible skeleton that
holds the painting together
E. MATERIALS/MEDIUM
mode of expression in which the

concept, idea, or message is

conveyed.
materials which are used by an artist

to interpret feelings/thoughts
E.1. WATERCOLOR
Pigments mixed with water and
applied to fine white paper.
Colors are applied in very thin
layers.
 E.2. FRESCO

From the word “fresh”

The art of painting on a fresh plaster
Painting method done on a moist plaster surface with colors ground in
water or limewater mixture.
The colors are mixed with water and applied to fresh plaster which absorbs
the color.
E.3. TEMPERA

Mineral pigments mixed with egg yolk

or egg white and ore.
One of the favorite medium of many
painters throughout the middle ages and
early Renaissance before oil is adopted.
E.4. PASTEL
Stick of dried paste made of pigment
ground with chalk and compounded with
gum and water.
Looks like a crayon and applied like a crayon
Readily available to use but is not usually
used by artists because its finished product
is difficult to preserve
E.5. OIL
one of the most expensive art activities today because of the
prohibitive cost of the materials.
One good quality of oil paint as a medium is its flexibility.
Painting done in oil appears glossy and lasts long. It is the newest
medium and one that is used widely by painters today.
E.6. ACRYLIC
It is fast drying paint containing pigment suspension in acrylic
polymer emulsion which becomes water-resistant when dry
Good quality = preserved freshness of the art through the
years
F. FOREIGN PAINTERS
1. LEONARDO DA VINCI
2. MICHELANGELO
BOUNAROTTI
3. VINCENT VAN GOGH
4. PABLO PICASSO
F.1. LEONARDO DA VINCI
(1452-1519)
Developed chiaroscuro
Last Supper
The Virgin and Child and St. Anne
Mona Lisa
Adoration of the Magi
The Virgin of the Rocks
The Battle of the Anghiari
F.2. MICHELANGELO
BOUNAROTTI
(1475-1564)
·Greatest stone carver since
the classical period
F.3. VINCENT VAN GOGH
(1853-1890)
Distinguished himself from
other through creating his own
style: color rich, warm, forceful,
exciting, and use of heavy
pigmentation
The Potato Eaters
Huts and Two Women
Working on the Other
Hand
Head of a Peasant
The Weaver
The Garden of the Parish
Church
F.4. PABLO PICASSO
(1881-1973)
A constant experimenter
Tried all mediums and work on all
styles of painting
Best known for cubism
Works reflect his own experience as a
gifted youth but struggled in poverty
La Vie
Old Guitarist
Boy Leading a Horse
Saltimabargues
Gestrude Stein
Female Nude
Woman with Guitar
Minotasuromachy
Leuernica
G. FILIPINO
PAINTERS
1. FERNANDO
AMORSOLO
2. JUAN LUNA
3. VICENTE
MANANSALA
G.1. FERNANDO
AMORSOLO (1892-1972)
“Grand Old Man of Philippine Art”
First-ever “National Artist of the
Philippines”
Portraitist and painter of rural
landscapes
Best known for craftsmanship and
mastery in the use of light
Fine Arts school in the University
of the Philippines
Escuela de San Fernando de
Madrid
In New York, he discovered
impressionists and cubists who
became major influences on his
works
He set up his own studio in
Manila
G.2. JUAN LUNA
(1857-1899)
Artistic talent on early age and was
encouraged to take painting lessons
At age 20, he enrolled in Madrid as San
Fernando Academy of Arts (Escuela de
Bellas Artes de San Fernando)
Mystery behind the death of his wife
and mother-in-law
Most famous painting: Spoliariu; top prize at the 1884 Madrid Exposition
Established a studio in Paris
G.3. VICENTE MANANSALA
(1910-1981)
Fine Arts student at the University of
the Philippines
1981, National Artist of the
Philippines (posthumous)
Scholarship grants
UNSECO – Banff Montreal Canada,
1950
French government – University of
Paris, 1950
U.S. Department of State Specialist
– New York (stained glass), 1960
German study grants – Zurich, 1970
Jobs before becoming a celebrated
artist:
Printer movie posters, Manila
Printing Shop
Mess boy, English ship Silver Palm
Illustrator, Cultural Office in Local
Hobodu
The World of Manansala –
Metropolitan Museum of Manila, 1992
THANK YOU!
PREPARED BY:
MS. CELINE SANTOS