ART IN GENERAL Three Functions of Art

Shelley Esaak, 2017

A. Role of Humanities in Man’s Life
Humanities comes from the Latin word 1. Physical
“Humanus” which means educated. 2. Social
 Art learning such as architecture, dance, 3. Personal
literature, music, painting, theatre, and
sculpture (Sanches, 2011). F. Basic Elements
 Humanities is more concerned on how a 1. Line
person expresses his/her feelings. Path of a moving point; the mark made by a tool
 can also be as the study on how people or instrument as it is drawn across the surface.
documented and processed their Two Specific Behaviors:
experiences particularly in connecting 1.1. Static – when a line behaves in usually
to others vertical or horizontal line.
 Humanities allows people to be artistic, 1.2. Dynamic – when a line behaves in
creative and connect to the community. curving, slanted, zig-zag, contorted, or
meandering directions.

B. General Views of the Arts 2. Shape

Art comes from the Latin word “ars” which Two dimensional area that is defined in some
means crafts or specialized form of skill. way, perhaps with an outline or solid area of
color.
1. Representation Art or Objective Art
2. Non-representation Art or Non-Objective Art 3. Form
Objects that have three dimensions: length,
C. Nature of Arts width, and depth.
1. Art as Mimesis (Plato) - all artistic creation is
a form of imitation: 4. Space
2. Art as Representation (Aristotle) - Shapes and forms exists in space.
3. Art for Art's Sake (Kant) - Art has its own It is the area in, around, and between
reason of being. components of design.
4. Art as an Escape - transforms the artist at the Negative space – area within a design that is a
very center of his or her being. void of materials, it is as important as the other
elements of the design.
Assumption of Arts
1. Art is universal. 5. Texture
2. Art is not nature, nature is not art. Refers to the way things feel or how they look
3. Art is a result of personal experience. as if they would feel if you could touch the
surface.
D. Purpose of Art Surface quality of the material as perceived by
the sense.
1. Create Beauty
2. Provide Decoration 6. Color
3. Reveal Truth Possibly the most expressive element of art but
4. Express Values most difficult to describe.
5. Commemorate Experience It appeals directly to the people’s emotions and
can stand for ideas and feelings.
E. Functions of Art
6.1. Categories according to degree:
  Primary Colors – blue, yellow, red  Rectangular-designed houses
 Secondary Colors – combination of  Ziggurat – step pyramidal structures
primary colors: green, orange, violet used for religious reasons
 Tertiary Colors – multiple  Ancient Babylonia
combinations of either primary-
 Most famous: Hanging Gardens of
secondary colors or secondary-
Babylon built for King
secondary colors
Nebuchadnezzar’s wife
G. Principles of Artistic Composition 2. Egyptian
 Civilization that sprung in the Nile
Principles of Artistic Composition help figure out the
River
visual appeal and aesthetics employed by the artist.
 Known for its pyramids
They act as fundamental guidelines to aesthetic
design that governs the organization of the  Tomb of Beni-Hasan
elements and materials in accordance with the 3. Greek
nature of the artwork.  Columnar orders (arranged from the
simplest to most intricate): Doric,
1. Balance
Ionic, Corinthian
2. Emphasis
3. Gradation  Temple of Parthenon for goddess
4. Harmony Athena
5. Rhythm and Movement 4. Medieval
6. Proportion  Early Christian Architecture:
7. Variety Christian Basilica
8. Unity  Islamic Architecture: Taj Mahal
 Citadels: structures at top of the hill;
built for military purposes
H. Style of Art
5. Modern
1. Baroque Art
 Strived in the Renaissance Era
 from barocco, an ill shaped pearl
 St. Peter’s Basilica
 overly ornamented
 Santo Spirito
2. Gothic Art
 Pazzi Chapel
 Pointed towers = faith
 Palazzo Medici Chapel
3. Renaissance Art
6. Contemporary
 Rebirth, revival of classics
 Contemporary architecture
4. Modern Art
continues until the present day
 advancement of technology
 Focused on urban planning –
 technology > changes to man’s
something that the Philippines lack
lifestyle > several artistic creations
ART OF SCULPTING

ART OF ARCHITECTURE “Every block of stone has a statue inside it and it is

the task of the sculptor to discover it.” –
1. Ancient
Michaelangelo
 Ancient Mesopotamia (modern day
Iraq)
 Started in Sumerian Civilization
Etymology
 Tigris and Euphrates rivers
  Comes from the Latin word “Sculpere”
meaning to carve.
 Refers to the creation of 3D figures, forms
designs from a single block mass of
material.
 Also known as plastic art for its plasticity or
flexibility
 An ever-expanding/evolving form of art
TYPES OF SCULPTURE
Traditional Contemporary
1. 3D art form 1. no longer limited to
2. representational representational
3. solid form 2. can be assembled,
4. only uses 2 glued, projected
techniques: carving
and modelling
 Materials used: most common are
mammoth bone and ivory (although they
also used bone and wood)
Stone Ages Sculptures
Paleolithic 1. Venus of Berekhat
Ram
- world’s oldest known
carving in the history of
sculpture
- about 3.5 cm long
2. Venus of Tan-Tan
- humanoid figure
3. Lion Man of
Hohlenstein Stadel
- oldest known
anthropomorphic
animal carving in the
world
- stands 11 inches
- part lion, part human
Mesolithic 1. Ain Sakhri Lovers
- sem-abstract phallic
sculpture
- reflects interest in
fertility
2. Shigir Idol
- made from larch
(tree)
- 17 ft. high
Neolithic 1. Enthroned Goddess
of Catal Huyuk
- naked mother
goddess that is about
to give birth
- seated on a throne
with leopard armrests
2. Kneeling Bull with
Vessel
- silver metalwork
- based on
mythological theme
- 6 and 3/8 inches tall
- upper part is a bull,
lower part is a human
3. Dancing Girl of
Mohenjo-Daro
- from the Indus Valley
Civilization
- naked girl only
wearing bracelets
- sassy and confident
pose suggests that she
is about to dance
- now in National
Museum of New Delhi,
India
- 10.5 cm tall
 2 Processes and 4 Techniques of Sculpting
Additive Subtractive
1. Modelling 1. Carving
2. Casting
3. Assembling
ART OF MUSIC  f – Forte loud
 p – Piano (soft)
 Human brain has natural affinity towards
 pp – Pianissimo (very soft)
music.
 CRESCENDO – soft to loud
 Musical activities improve intellectual brain
DECRESCENDO – loud to soft
activity.
2. Rhythm
 Music skills enhance: - Duration of the sound
o Self-confidence
 Beat – the rhythmic unit of time; the pulse.
o Social bonding
 Tempo – speed of the beats; slow or fast.
o Success in society
 Meter – organization of the beats; strong or
 Playing music helps in bringing down stress weak.
levels and improves overall health well- 3. Melody
being. - Tune
 Actively playing music (living music) is infinitely - Connected series of notes played one after
more enjoyable than passively listening to it. another.
 Every Human being has the potential to evolve - it is the tune or the organized sequence of
into a musical genius with proper training and pitches
practice 4. Harmony
 Every known human culture has had its own - Support to the melody
music. - “how musical notes go together”
 Every known human culture has had some form - it is combination of two or more pitches.
of music. But in the rest of the animal world,
5. Timbre
the ability to understand and create music is
- Tone e.g. sharp, flat
rare. Where humans might hear rhythm and
- It is the color/quality of instrumental and/or
melody, rhesus monkeys, for example, just hear
vocal tones.
noise.
6. Texture
 an art of sound in time that expresses ideas and
emotions in significant forms through the
- Flavor
elements of rhythm, melody, harmony, etc. - overall quality of the sound of a piece
indicated by the number of voices and their
 musical work or compositions for singing or
interactions in the music
playing
o Monophonic (ONE) – single melody,
 “The border between music and noise is always
no accompaniment.
culturally defined—which implies that, even
o Homophonic (SAME) – single
within a single society, this border does not
melody with chordal
always pass through the same place; in short,
accompaniment.
there is rarely a consensus. By all accounts
o Polyphonic (MANY) – two or more
there is no single and intercultural universal
melodies with or without chordal
concept defining what music might be.” - Jean
accompaniment
Jacques Nattiez (1990) ;Music and Discourse:
o Heterophonic (DIFFERENT) – two or
Toward a Semiology of Music
more melodies with
Elements of Music accompaniment

1. Dynamics
 it is the volume of the sound; loud or
soft
 ff – Fortissimo (very loud)