CASSANDRA S.

BAACLO BSTM THSM 3B

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY (MW 130-3PM)

Intellectual Revolution: Comparative Analysis

I. Learning outcomes: At the end of this activity, the students should be able to:
1. summarize the ideas postulated by Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud that contributed to
the spark of scientific revolution through a small group discussion; and
2. analyze and summarize how scientific revolution is done in various parts of the
world.

II. Direction/Instruction:
1. Read chapter 2 on the book.
2. Summarize the history and make a timeline highlighting the major discoveries and
development in science by completing the table below:
Scientific Revolution/ Society Scientist Involved Major Discoveries and
Contribution in Science
COPERNICAN REVOLUTION Nicolaus Copernicus Geocentric Theory
Heliocentric Theory
Birth of Astronomy
DARWINIAN REVOLUTION Charles Darwin Theory of Evolution
Transformation of Biology
FREUDIAN REVOLUTION Sigmund Freud Psychology as a Science
Freud’s Iceberg Theory

III. Questions for Reflection:

1. Why do you think most intellectual ideas controversial?
Many ideas that are considered intellectual often stir up controversy as they tend to
question established beliefs, societal norms, and the current state of things. This
invites scrutiny and sparks debates. Intellectual discussions thrive on exploring
perspectives challenging accepted notions and encouraging new ways of thinking.
Sometimes these ideas clash with ingrained beliefs, emotional attachments, and
resistance to change. Additionally, the intricate uncertain and multifaceted nature of
subjects adds fuel to the fire as different interpretations and values come into play.
These fosters dialogue. Contributes to the progress of human understanding.
2. Why did the people accept these new discoveries despite being contradictory to what
was widely accepted at that time?
The importance of relying on evidence cannot be overstated when it comes to
validating new discoveries and differentiating them from mere conjecture or
speculation. In the intellectual community novel ideas are subjected to examination
through peer review and replication ensuring their credibility. This commitment, to
 evidence and the scientific method enables a process of self-correction allowing for
the refinement or dismissal of ideas that fail under scrutiny. As more empirical
evidence accumulates in support of a discovery its acceptance grows wider leading to
advancements in our understanding of the world around us. The robustness and
consistency of evidence play a role in driving intellectual progress and shaping our
evolving knowledge, about nature.

IV. References:
1. http://www.flowofhistory.com.readings.
2. Flowcharts/revival-west/the-age-enlightenment
3. http://hti.osu.ed/scientific revolution/lesson plans
4. Power point presentation on the individual scholars and great works
5. Serafica, 2018, pp. 2-19; 86-95
6. McNamara, pp. 39-45; 86-95