RESEARCH CONCEPTUALIZATION

Instructions: Accomplish the Literature Matrix and identify your proposed research questions following the guide questions.
For the literature matrix, please submit an output citing at least forty (40) journal articles or any related literature to your research
topic.

References Objectives Methods Findings

1. Torres, L. M. The purpose of this was to The data were gathered from The result of the study
Awareness, Status, determine the level of 360 respondents. The revealed
Issues and Problems of awareness, status and issues researcher employed the
that the level of awareness of
Illegal Gambling in and problems of illegal Weighted mean, t-test and
the residents on illegal
Selected Barangays in gambling in selected One-way Analysis of Variance
gambling is high. Also, the
Zamboanga City: Basis barangays of Zamboanga city. as the statistical tools.
status of illegal gambling in
for PNP Intervention
The study used the descriptive Zamboanga city as rated by
Program. School
method. Sets of survey the respondents is average
Journal, 37.
questionnaire were used to which means there are visible
gather information from the illegal gambling activities in the
respondents. community. Furthermore, the
level of the issues and
problems of illegal gambling in
selected barangays in
Zamboanga City as rated by
the respondents is average
and the result of the study
shows that there is a
significant difference on the
level of awareness and the
status of illegal gambling in the
community
based on the barangay where
the respondents belong.

2. Tolchard, B. (2015). This article describes the A narrative methodology was This search resulted in 1,130
 The impact of gambling prevalence and types of used that incorporated papers. All abstracts were
on rural communities gambling that are popular in systematic searches of the read and considered for
worldwide: A narrative rural communities around the published literature. The inclusion in the literature
literature world. It identifies the benefits following databases were review. Papers were included
review. Journal of and highlights the potential searched: OvidSP, PubMed, based on meeting at least one
Rural Mental harm caused by a person’s PsycINFO, Google Scholar, term from each of the
Health, 39(2), 90. gambling and the impact this and the Social Sciences gambling and rural search
has on families and the wider Citation Index. Multiple search phrases. In addition, all papers
rural community terms were used, including selected presented either
“gambling,” “gambler,” quantifiable data or qualitative
“problem gambling,” samples.
“pathological gambling,”
“rural,” “peri-urban,” and “non-
urban.”

3. Liday, B. C. G., Bitos, This study focused on the Quantitative-descriptive Results showed that the
M. L., Usin, J. E., factors research design using survey residents played cockfight as a
Sumampong, A. J., method was used. Participants source of income and
influencing the community to
Cano, J. C., Saguran, were 80 residents and 41 livelihood which provides easy
cockfight and the challenges of
J. B., ... & Gabon, M. police officers chosen to earn and somehow improve
police officers in suppressing
G. (2023). Factors purposefully. Researcher- their quality of life. Despite the
illegal cockfighting in the
Influencing the made instrument was utilized activity was insufficient to
municipality of Anao-aon,
Community to which was subjected to suffice their needs and not all
Surigao del Norte, Philippines.
Cockfight and validation by experts in the gambling players perceived
Challenges of Police field of criminal justice, that gambling activity
Officers in Suppressing language, and research.
was a form of investment that
Illegal Cockfighting in Mean, standard deviation,
could double or triple the
the Philippines. one-way ANOVA, and
money, the cockfight gambling
Pearson correlation were
still provides genuine
employed to
happiness to the residents for
analyze the data after this aroused their interest to
satisfying the normality apply strategies to win.
assumption.
4. Evangelista, L. D., This study was an attempt to The descriptive method was The results of the study
Lagumbay, R. C. S., & determine the level of used as the research design. showed that the majority of the
Pagcaliwagan, K. D. gambling behavior of young The South Oaks Gambling respondents were males in the
(2021). Gambling adults. It also looked into the Screen (SOGS) and a age bracket of 21-25 years
behavior of young possible causes and factors checklist were used to assess old, unemployed and had a
adults: A basis for an that contribute to the the level of gambling behavior monthly income or allowance
intervention program. development of gambling and to know the possible of PhP 1,000-5,000. Moreover,
Interdisciplinary behavior. factors respectively. most of the respondents were
Journal of Applied and Responses were obtained college students and college
Basic Subjects, 1(7), from a total of one hundred graduates. As assessed by
36-44. fourteen (114) males and SOGS, 84 or 45% were Non-
seventy-five (75) females. The Problem Gamblers, while 82 or
data were treated and 43% were Probable
analyzed using relative Pathological Gamblers.
frequency and chi-square. Twenty-three (23) or 12%
were In-Transition Gamblers.
The factors that greatly
contribute to the development
of gambling behavior are
attributed to financial, family
and conduct problems, early
big win and problems with
alcohol or other drugs,
gambling or overspending.
The profiles showed significant
difference on their level of
gambling behavior when
grouped according to age, sex,
educational attainment,
monthly income or allowance
and occupation. However, they
were not found to have any
difference in their level of
gambling behavior when
 grouped according to civil
status

5. Keen, B., Pickering, D., The aim of this review was to The authors conducted a web- As evidenced by qualitative
Wieczorek, M., & evaluate the available based search of the literature and quantitative studies, it is
Blaszczynski, A. literature on problem gambling using varying combinations of reasonable to suggest that a
(2015). Problem and family violence in East the keywords: “Asia”, link does indeed exist between
gambling and family and South-East Asian “gambling”, “problem”, family violence and problem
violence in the Asian populations, and to highlight “domestic violence”, “family gambling in certain Asian
context: a any consistencies between the violence” and “abuse”. communities. The authors
review. Asian Journal two phenomena. Keywords were searched argue that there may be
of Gambling Issues through the Sydney University specific cultural factors that
and Public Health, 5, 1- library web page, powered by underpin the acceptance,
16. Serial Solutions Summon. The maintenance, and under
University of Sydney’s Fisher reporting of both problem
Library was also accessed in gambling and family violence
order to obtain physical copies in some Asian communities.
of articles and books not Such cultural factors include:
accessible online. patriarchal family systems, low
help seeking and under
reporting, the impact of
collectivist culture on gambling
normalization, and immigration
and acculturation
stresses.

6. Dowling, N. A., Ewin, This study aimed to explore Data were collected from a Moderate-risk (MR)/problem
C., Youssef, G. J., the association between PG computer-assisted telephone gamblers had a 2.73-fold
Merkouris, S. S., and family violence (FV) in a interview of a sample of 4,153 increase in the odds of
Suomi, A., Thomas, S. population-representative Australian adults (2,022 men, experiencing FV victimization
A., & Jackson, A. C. sample. It was hypothesized 48.7%). Participants were (21.3%; 95% CI: 13.1–29.4)
(2018). Problem that: (a) PG would be aged 18–29 years (13.8%), relative to nonproblem
gambling and family positively associated with FV, 30–44 years (35.2%), 45–64 gamblers (9.4%; 95% CI: 8.5–
violence: Findings from even after adjusting for years (29.9%), and 65+ years 10.4). They also had a 2.56-
 a population- sociodemographic variables (21.2%). Most participants fold increase in the odds of
representative and comorbidities and (b) were cohabiting (64.5%), were experiencing FV perpetration
study. Journal of these relationships would be born in Australia (79.6%), and (19.7%; 95% CI: 11.8–27.7)
Behavioral significantly exacerbated by were employed (59.3%). relative to non-problem
Addictions, 7(3), 806- substance use and gamblers (9.0%; 95% CI: 8.0–
813. psychological distress. A 10.0). Low-risk gamblers also
secondary aim was to explore had over a twofold increase in
whether gender moderated the odds of experiencing FV
these relationships. victimization (20.0%; 95% CI:
14.0–26.0) and perpetration
(19.3%; 95% CI: 13.5–25.1).
These relationships remained
robust for low-risk gamblers,
but were attenuated for
MR/problem gamblers, after
adjustment for substance use
and psychological distress.
MR/problem gamblers had a
greater probability of FV
victimization, if they reported
hazardous alcohol use; and
low-risk gamblers had a
greater probability of FV
perpetration if they were
female.

7. Tessler, A., El This study investigates the Oxford Economics employed The survey found that illegal
Beyrouty, K., & nature and behavior of illegal specialist survey providers gamblers were more likely to
Crapnell, N. (2017). An gamblers in Hong Kong. Ipsos to undertake a ‘main be excessive gamblers than
exploratory study of survey’ of 512 gamblers (both was the case for legal
illegal gamblers in legal and illegal) in Hong Kong gamblers. In particular, out of
Hong Kong. Asian between September and the population of illegal
journal of gambling December 2015. gamblers (n = 103), 56% of
issues and public illegal gamblers could be
 health, 7, 1-16. A standardized survey defined as excessive gamblers
questionnaire was developed compared to 15% of legal
for this purpose, using both gamblers, (n = 497) with the
self-administered and difference between the two
interviewer-administered being statistically significant.
questions. A booster survey
focusing on illegal gamblers
yielded an additional 88 illegal
gamblers allowing for the
results of 497 legal and 103
illegal gamblers (600 in all) to
be compared.

8. Loo, J. M., & Phua, K. This commentary will discuss Prevalence of problem In this study, 4.4 % of the
L. (2016). Gambling evidence for Malaysian gambling in Malaysia was general Malaysian population
participation and gambling antecedents, public determined using the largest were categorized as problem
policies in policy and socioeconomic state of Selangor (population gamblers while 10.2 % were
Malaysia. Asian journal impacts of gambling, possible of 5.6 million; Department of moderate-risk gamblers (Loo
of gambling issues and costs and benefits of gambling Statistics Malaysia 2010) with and Ang 2013). This prediction
public health, 6, 1-13. legalization, and issues a proportionate stratified signifies that approximately
pertinent to regulating random sampling method and 246,400 Malaysians in
gambling activities in Malaysia. Problem Gambling Severity Selangor are potentially
Index as a community problem gamblers while
prevalence estimate. 571,200 Malaysians in
Selangor are moderate-risk
problem gamblers.

9. Tangga, A. E. (2019). This descriptive-comparative The data collected using a The findings of the study
Implementation of study assessed the extent of researcher-made revealed that the extent of
Gambling Laws in the the implementation of questionnaire were analyzed implementation of gambling
First-Class City of Philippine gambling laws using mean, t-test, and laws in a first-class city as a
Negros relative to cockfighting, card ANOVA. whole, and when
Occidental. Philippine games, and lottery as implementers are grouped
Social Science assessed by 112 according to designation and
Journal, 2(2), 189-189. implementers, which included barangay categories is
 the police officers, Peace and excellent. Moreover, the lottery
Order Council (POC) was found to be of a
chairpersons, and barangay considerable extent of
captains of a first-class city of implementation. A significant
Negros Occidental. difference was noted in the
extent of implementation when
barangays are grouped
according to category.
Additionally, when
implementers are grouped
according to the designation, it
was found that police officers
significantly implement laws in
cockfighting.

10. Kam, S. M., Wong, I. L. This survey investigated A convenience sample of 999 Results indicate 32.3% (n =
K., So, E. M. T., Un, D. gambling behavior among students (370 men, 629 323) of the survey participants
K. C., & Chan, C. H. W. Chinese students studying in women) filled a self- wagered on mahjong (61.8%),
(2017). Gambling Macau colleges and administered questionnaire soccer matches (40.2%), Mark
behavior among Macau universities. It also aimed to consisted of the Problem Six lottery (37.2%), card
college and university examine the relationship Gambling Severity Index games (28.1%), land-based
students. Asian journal between problem gambling, (PGSI) (Ferris and Wynne in casino gambling (13.1%), slot
of gambling issues and affect states and sensation machines (7.5%) and online
The Canadian problem
public health, 7(1), 1- seeking propensity. casino games (2.0%). The
gambling index: User manual.
12. average monthly stake was
Canadian Centre on
MOP $411. Seeking
Substance Abuse, Toronto
entertainment (18.7%), killing
2001a), the 8-item Brief
time (12.5%) and peer
Sensation Seeking Scale
influence (11.1%) were the
(BSSS-8) (Hoyle et al. Pers
three main reasons for
Individ Dif 32(3): 401–414,
gambling. Using the PGSI, 3.6
2002), Bradburn’s Affect
and 5.3% of the students could
Balance Scale (BABS)
be identified as moderate-risk
(Bradburn
and problem gamblers
 in the structure of respectively. Men were
psychological well-being.
significantly more vulnerable to
Aldine, Chicago 1969) and
gambling problems (X2(1)
questions on gambling
=35.00, p < 0.01) than women.
activities.

11. Peñalba, E. H. (2020).
Cockfighting in later
life: a qualitative inquiry
into elderly Filipinos'
gambling
experiences. Agathos,
11(1), 231-242.
The surviving passion for
cockfighting or sabong among
Filipinos has made it a
culturally and legally
acceptable form of gambling.
As an established cultural
phenomenon, sabong has
largely influenced the ways its
practitioners make a living. It is
in this context that this
qualitative study explored the
experiences of two old
Filipinos who had been
engaging in the blood sport for
a very long time.
The study employed an in-
depth interview technique,
which provided the researcher
with a vast amount of
information not usually
revealed in using quantitative
methods. Explaining in depth
the sensitive issues is done
more effectively through the
use of qualitative research
Methods.
After a thorough analysis of
the interview responses, the
following themes emerged: (1)
cockfighting as an all-
consuming pastime, (2)
cockfighting as a thrill-seeking
activity (3) family influence on
cockfighting, (4) cockpits as
venues for socializing, (5)
betting as a way of earning
money, and (6) gambling as a
family issue.

12. Riley, B. J., Oster, C., This gap analysis presents the The most commonly accepted Findings reveal further
Rahamathulla, M., & results of a systematic approach to reviewing the research is needed on the
Lawn, S. (2021). approach to reviewing the literature is by conducting a implications for young people
Attitudes, risk factors, current literature on gambling systematic review, with the of emerging technologies and
and behaviours of behaviour, attitudes, and purpose of identifying and new trends in gambling in the
gambling among associated risk factors for synthesising scholarly digital age. The current gap
adolescents and young gambling and problem research on a topic. While it is analysis reveals that this
people: A literature gambling among adolescents important to understand the should include more research
review and gap and evidence relating to a on the development and
analysis. International particular concept or impact of both treatment and
young adults (aged 10–25
Journal of phenomenon, identifying gaps intervention strategies, and
years).
Environmental in our understanding is policy and regulatory
Research and Public necessary in order to develop frameworks from a public
 Health, 18(3), 984. a research agenda to advance health perspective.
knowledge. This review,
therefore, focuses on both
summarising the state of the
evidence and synthesising
gaps across the body of the
literature to inform future
research.

13. Luo, H. (2022). This study describes gambling Part of a larger qualitative This study reveals that older
Understanding motives, behavior, and help- study that used nonprobability Filipino gamblers’
gambling among older seeking patterns in older sampling strategies to explore conceptualization of gambling
Filipino-Canadians: Filipino-Canadians through a gambling behaviors in older is greatly influenced by their
recommendations for life-course perspective. Asian-Canadian adults and culture of origin, their life
social work intervention intervention strategies for this trajectories, and their loved
for older gamblers with group of gamblers in a central ones. Controlled gamblers
minority cultural Canadian city, this study hold positive to neutral views
backgrounds. Journal focuses on depicting older toward gambling, while
of Ethnic & Cultural Filipino gamblers’ gambling problem gamblers generally
Diversity in Social motives, behavior, and help- hold negative views. For some
Work, 31(6), 341-355. seeking patterns through a life- of them, visiting casinos meets
course perspective. Data their need for active leisure
collection took place between activities.
January 2016 and November
2017. The general sampling
strategy in this study was
purposive and snowballing.

14. Akinloyan, R. A. This study examines the The sample of the study is The sample for the study
(2022). Causes and causes and effect of gambling expected to consist of one- consists of undergraduates of
effect of gambling among private university hundred and thirty Crawford university students,
attitude among private students using Crawford undergraduates of Crawford the study found that 67.5% of
university students: a University as a case University students. One the students of Crawford
study of crawford hundred and thirty (130) University engage in gambling
university igbesa ogun respondents were selected in activities, out of which 82.7%
 state. Sapientia global study. In executing this order to have a quantifiable are male and 14.3% are
journal of arts, research, social learning representation of the students female. Majority of the
humanities and theory of gambling was i.e. 5% of the total population. respondent who ever gambled
development adopted, which postulate that In this study, non-random reported that they engage in
studies, 5(2). gambling as a form of behavior convenient sampling was used such activities because they
is highly subjected to to select respondents in this needed money. Despite the
reinforcement and reward, the study. The sample will consist fact that some of these
method of analysis adopted in both male and female. students come from a rich
this study is the frequency and Questionnaire was the primary home and well-educated
percentages under the source of data. The method of parents, they still needed more
analysis. analysis adopted for this study money than their regular
was the frequency and allowances.
percentages under the
univariate level of analysis,
and chi- square analysis under
the bivariate level of analysis
to analyzing the quantitative
data that were obtain from the
field. The Statistical Package
for Social Scientist (SPSS)
was used in the running and
analyzing of data.

15. Deri Ritzelda, A., This paper highlights the trust, The survey utilized a The respondents gave the
Gilbas Sherill, A., & Dio respect, safety and security structured interview with 200 highest net rating on respect,
Ryan, V. (2020). A ratings of the community to the sample respondents from followed by net rating on trust
COMMUNITY Philippine National Police Albay coming from different and the lowest net rating on
SURVEY ON THE (PNP) in the Province of sectors. Male respondents safety and security on the
PERFORMANCE OF Albay. It presents the sectoral outnumbered female performance of the PNP.
THE PHILIPPINE ratings to PNP programs. respondents. The majority of Moreover, a high net rating on
NATIONAL POLICE the respondents are 41-50 commitment of support to the
(PNP) IN THE years old, at least high school identified programs of the PNP
PROVINCE OF graduates and are married. was also attained from the
ALBAY. respondents. The highest net
 rating of support is given to the
PNP’s anti-illegal drugs
program, followed by
antiterrorism, anti-riding in
tandem and anti-illegal
gambling programs. The
ratings of the PNP obtained
from the different sectors of
the community may be
explained by the respondents’
nature of work or professions.

16. Banks, J., & Waugh, D. The objective of the study is to
(2018). A taxonomy of develop a taxonomy of
gambling-related crime. gambling-related crime that
International Gambling identifies enforcement
Studies, 19(2), 339- responsibilities and legislative
357. basis for sub-types of crime,
https://doi.org/10.1080/ as well as their relationship to
14459795.2018.15540 the licensing objectives,
84 sectoral relevance, and
dimensions of crime consisting
of perpetrators, victims, harms
and means of measurement.
The authors used a four-stage The study presents a
methodological approach to comprehensive taxonomy of
develop the taxonomy of gambling-related crime that
gambling-related crime. The identifies different types of
first stage involved developing offenses and their relationship
a comprehensive to gambling activities. The
understanding of the taxonomy is designed to help
interrelationships between policymakers and law
gambling and crime and the enforcement agencies to
ways in which gambling- identify enforcement
related crime has been sorted responsibilities and legislative
and classified. The second basis for sub-types of crime,
stage involved generating a list as well as their relationship to
of sub-types of gambling- the licensing objectives,
related crime. The third stage sectoral relevance, and
involved asking a series of five dimensions of crime consisting
questions designed to identify of perpetrators, victims, harms,
the nature of gambling's and means of measurement.
relationship with sub-types of
crime. Finally, the fourth stage
involved applying the
taxonomy to the UK as a case
 study to illustrate how it can be
used to identify enforcement
responsibilities and the
legislative basis for
intervention, as well as the
crime's sectoral relevance and
relationship to licensing
objectives, victims and
perpetrators, associate harms,
and means of measurement.

17. Wood, R. T., & The objective of the paper is to The authors used a two- The study found that Internet
Williams, R. J. (2011). provide a comprehensive and phased approach to data gamblers were more likely to
A comparative profile comparative overview of collection and a weighted be male and younger than
of the internet gambler: Internet gamblers, including approach to data analysis to their land-based gambling
Demographic their demographic and health obtain a small representative counterparts. The study also
characteristics, game- characteristics, game-play sample of Canadian Internet found that only 0.4 percent of
play patterns, and patterns, and problem gamblers. The study makes Internet gamblers were under
problem gambling gambling status, as compared substantial progress toward 18, a rate even lower than that
status. New Media & to non-Internet gamblers. The overcoming past limitations of observed among non-Internet
Society, 13(7), 1123- study seeks to address several sampling and gamblers (0.9%). Additionally,
1141. important research questions representativeness, as almost the study found that Internet
https://doi.org/10.1177/ and to facilitate a direct all previous studies have relied gamblers were three to four
1461444810397650 comparison between the on convenience samples, times more likely to have a
present findings and those whereby Internet gamblers gambling problem than non-
observed in previous studies. self-select themselves into an Internet gamblers. The study
online study. also examined the game-play
patterns and comparative
gambling expenditures of
Internet versus land-based
gamblers

18. Velasco, V., Scattola, This study aims to conduct an The current umbrella review
P., Gavazzeni, L., umbrella review of the examined the effectiveness of
The results of this umbrella
Marchesi, L., Nita, I. E., effectiveness of gambling gambling preventive and harm
& Giudici, G. (2021). preventive and harm reduction reduction strategies, which can review also showed the
Prevention and harm strategies, which can be be implemented at a local level relevance of considering the
reduction interventions implemented at a local level and targeted at adults. Sixteen targets when reviewing
for adult gambling at and targeted at adults. reviews were analyzed, and 20 evidence. For example, the
the local level: An strategies were identified and PNF or PFI may cause a
umbrella review of classified into 4 areas: supply “boomerang effect” when
empirical evidence. reduction, demand reduction, targeting low-frequency
International Journal of risk reduction, and harm gamblers. Precommitment can
Environmental reduction. be effective for some persons
Research and Public and can be problematic for
Health, 18(18), 9484. others and self-exclusion
https://doi.org/10.3390/i programs should focus on the
jerph18189484 early detection of problematic
gamblers. Moreover,
educational programs are
more effective when
intermediate targets, such as
professionals with a close
relationship with participants,
are considered. Social
campaigns are considered
more effective when targeted
at parents. The training of
gambling venue employees is
more effective when
stakeholders are involved.
Another peculiarity of this
review is its focus on
prevention and harm reduction
strategies that can be
implemented at the local level,
for example by municipalities,
regions, or other local
 agencies. The local level may
have several potentials. First,
local agencies may have more
control and pay attention to the
implementation conditions.
They also have more
opportunities to focus on
specific targets or on particular
at-risk areas than national
agencies do. Both these
aspects were shown to be
relevant by the results of this
review.

19. Rigazio, S. (2023). The purpose of this study is to This research uses a The factors that cause the
Review of: "[Review] find out what factors are the qualitative descriptive method crime of gambling is habits,
effective strategies for causes of the spread of with a sociological juridical factors of weak appreciation of
combating the crime of gambling on the game arena approach. religion, environmental factors,
gambling in Batam and what efforts are being economic factors, and weak
city". made to overcome it. law enforcement factors.
https://doi.org/10.3238
The efforts to overcome
8/zrwjv3
criminal acts of gambling
cases which are in the
jurisdiction of the Batam City
Police, namely through
preventive actions carried out
by each element, both
individuals, communities, and
the police. and through special
repressive actions carried out
by law enforcement officers in
Batam City, including: the
 police, prosecutors and courts.
Thus, Gambling in Batam City
must be eradicated
completely, no one will fall into
the world of gambling
anymore.

20. Rintoul, A., & The objective of the study is to The method involves a mixed- The availability and
Deblaquiere, J. (2019). understand the effects of methods approach, including accessibility of electronic
Gambling in Suburban differences in the distribution both qualitative and gaming machines (EGMs) in
Australia. (Research of gambling opportunities quantitative data collection and venues is a significant factor in
Report). Melbourne: between two spatially defined analysis. The study used a gambling behavior and harm.
Australian Institute of communities in Melbourne, range of methods, including
Promotional strategies, such
Family Studies. selected for their differing surveys, interviews, focus
as free drinks and cheaper
EGM gambling availability and groups, and observations, to
meals, contribute to increased
consumption and socio- collect data from a variety of
gambling behavior.
economic characteristics. The sources, including people who
study aims to explore and gamble, their families, local Family violence and gambling
document local environmental residents, and professionals. are often linked, with gambling
factors that influence gambling The final stage of analysis often exacerbating existing
consumption patterns in involved the triangulation of family violence.
selected local areas or suburb methods to test the validity of
clusters, as well as the nature findings between the study Migrants may be particularly
and consequences of methods. vulnerable to gambling harm
gambling-related harm among due to language barriers and
people who gamble, their lack of awareness of support
families, and local services.
communities. The study found that the
sample of participants may not
be representative of the wider
local population in each area.
21. Walker, D. M., & Sobel, The objective of the research
R. S. (2016). Social is to provide insights into the
and economic impacts effects of casinos on their host
of gambling. Current economies and communities,
Addiction Reports, including both positive and
3(3), 293-298. negative impacts. The authors
https://doi.org/10.1007/ aim to synthesize and evaluate
s40429-016-0109-8 the existing literature on this
topic, highlighting key findings
and identifying areas where
further research is needed.
The authors note that recent
contributions to the literature
have benefited from better
data availability across a wider
set of jurisdictions, which has
resulted in improved research
quality. The authors also
divide their review into two
sections: economic impacts
and social impacts, suggesting
that they analyzed and
synthesized literature on these
two broad categories of
impacts.
Regarding economic impacts,
the most recent literature
suggests that casinos often
have at least a modestly
positive economic impact on
their host economies.
However, the authors note that
the industry's impacts vary
with characteristics of the
hosting state, country, or
regional economy.
Regarding social impacts, the
authors note that it is more
difficult to measure the net
social impacts of casinos, and
the variety of conclusions from
recent research suggests that
the industry's impacts vary
with characteristics of the
hosting state, country, or
regional economy. The
authors also note that the
evidence on the relationship
between casinos and crime is
mixed, with some studies
finding a link between casinos
and crime rates and others
finding little relationship.
Finally, the authors note that
there is a small literature on
gambling and bankruptcy, and
the evidence is once again
mixed.
22. Banks, J. (2017). The objective of the study was The study utilized a variety of The findings of the study
Organised crime, to examine the involvement of methods to examine the underscore the ongoing
gambling and illegal organized crime in gambling, involvement of organized presence and impact of
gambling. Gambling, specifically focusing on the crime in gambling. organized crime in the realm of
Crime and Society, use of video lottery terminals gambling, highlighting the
Case studies: The researchers
111-136. (VLTs) for fraudulent activities. need for effective law
conducted in-depth case
https://doi.org/10.1057/ The study aimed to enforcement efforts and
studies of various organized
978-1-137-57994-2_4 understand the methods used regulatory measures to
crime groups involved in illegal
by organized crime groups, the combat these illegal activities.
gambling activities. These
roles of individuals within
case studies provided insights
these groups, and the financial
into the strategies, tactics, and
gains they achieved through
organizational dynamics of
their illegal activities.
these groups.
Interviews: The researchers
conducted interviews with law
enforcement officers, experts,
and individuals involved in
illegal gambling activities.
These interviews provided
firsthand information and
perspectives on the
involvement of organized
crime in gambling.
Document analysis: The
researchers analyzed various
documents, such as court
records, police reports, and
academic studies, to gather
information on the methods
used by organized crime
groups in gambling.

23. Bedford, K. (2022). The objective of the study is to
Gambling in the moral examine the moral economy of
economy: A case study gambling and its relationship
of law and regulation in with law and political economy.
a pandemic. Journal of It aims to analyze the tensions
Law and Political and conflicts between the
Economy, 3(2). moral expectations of
https://doi.org/10.5070/l gambling and the legal and
p63259635 regulatory frameworks that
govern it. The study also
explores the impact of
gambling on society and the
role of law in shaping and
enforcing the market economy.
Field observations: The
researchers conducted field
observations in gambling
establishments to observe and
document illegal activities,
such as fraud and money
laundering
The methods used in the study
include qualitative research
methods such as interviews,
focus groups, and case
studies to gather data on the
moral expectations of
gambling and the legal and
regulatory frameworks
surrounding it. Additionally,
quantitative research methods
such as surveys and statistical
analysis was used to examine
the impact of gambling on
society and the effectiveness
of law in regulating the market
economy.
That the concept of moral
economy can be adapted and
applied to the analysis of
gambling regulation in the UK
during the pandemic. The
study highlights the complex
role of law and regulation in
shaping the moral economy
and emphasizes the need to
consider sectoral variation in
understanding the relationship
between gambling and
collective customary
expectations. The findings
suggest that certain forms of
gambling, such as horse
racing and lotteries, were
supported by the state and
seen as beneficial during the
pandemic, while self-organized
bingo experienced a
resurgence without state
support, indicating an
alternative moral economy of
play. The study argues for a
revitalization of the concept of
 moral economy and suggests
that gambling can offer
insights for future research at
the intersection of law and
political economy.

24. Welte, J. W., Barnes, The objectives of the research The research method used in The researchers found that the
G. M., Tidwell, M. O., & are to investigate the the study is a quantitative availability of legalised
Hoffman, J. H. (2013). prevalence of problem research method. Specifically, gambling was positively
Legal gambling gambling among young people the researchers used a cross- associated with the prevalence
availability and problem in the United States, to sectional survey design to of problem gambling among
gambling among examine the relationship collect data from a randomly young people. They also found
adolescents and young between legal gambling selected sample of young that the legal age for various
adults. International availability and problem people aged 14-21 living in specific types of gambling had
Gambling Studies, gambling among young households in the United an influence on the extent of
9(2), 89-99. people, and to explore the States. They used a participation in those types of
https://doi.org/10.1080/ implications of these findings standardized questionnaire to gambling. Specifically, they
14459790902754996 for policymakers and collect data on the prevalence found that the legal age for
advocates working to prevent of problem gambling, legal casino gambling was positively
problem gambling among gambling availability, and other associated with the prevalence
young people. relevant factors. They then of problem gambling among
used statistical analysis to young people. The study also
examine the relationship found that young people who
between legal gambling reported gambling frequently
availability and problem were more likely to report
gambling among young problem gambling than those
people. who reported gambling less
frequently.

25. Lindt, R. (2023). A gap The study is exploring the The author is conducting a There is a complex nature of
in criminal law differences in legal comparative analysis of gambling regulation in the EU
harmonization: approaches to illegal gambling criminal law regulation related and its member states, the
Different reactions to across various legal cultures to illegal gambling in different need for a common conceptual
illegal gambling in and the impact of these legal cultures. Therefore, the basis, the importance of
different legal cultures. differences on the concept of author used a comparative prevention and treatment for
 International Journal of criminal offenses. research method to analyze gambling disorders, and a
Legal and Social the legal systems of different suggestion for a special
Order, 3(1). countries. ground for exemption from
https://doi.org/10.5551 criminal responsibility for those
6/ijlso.v3i1.106 involved in illegal gambling
who cooperate with
authorities.

26. Kanubrikov, V. A., The study aims to provide an The comparative legal The research conclusion
Likholetov, A. A., all-encompassing analysis analysis, combined with underlines the necessity for a
Ialovenko, T. V., & general scientific methods, systemic approach that could
of qualifying and detecting
Yevstifeyeva, Y. P. enabled to study examples resolve discrepancies in
illegal organization and
(2021). Problems of different scientific disciplines;
conduction of gambling of the present-day court
qualifying and stop promulgation of
activities. In order to do this, practice concerning qualifying
detecting illegal specialized academic interest
the and detecting illegal
organization and and inability to compromise;
organization and conduction of
conduction of authors have outlined the overcome biased thinking.
gambling. Proceedings following tasks: to provide the gambling.
of the VII International perspective of national legal
Scientific-Practical theorist sand foreign
Conference “Criminal
Law and Operative specialists on qualifying and
Search Activities: detecting illegal organization
Problems of and conduction of gambling
Legislation, Science activities in modern
and Practice”. society
https://doi.org/10.5220/
0010633200003152

27. Wu, A. M. S., & Lau, J. This paper provides an This paper based their This paper found that there is
T. F. (2014). Gambling overview of gambling issues in materials written in Chinese or a distinction between small-
in China: socio- China, including historical English available at academic stakes ‘gaming’ and large-
historical evolution and development, governmental databases and other online stakes ‘gambling’, which has
current responses and social resources, historical, cultural cultural roots, plays an
challenges. Addiction, consequences. and policy analyses were important role in relevant
 110(2), 210–216. conducted. The focus is on governmental policies and
https://doi.org/10.1111/ mainland China, but reference social responses in mainland
add.12710 is made to Hong Kong and China. Gambling disorder
Macao to illustrate differences. prevention and treatment is
not yet on the national agenda.
The country's knowledge and
services gaps on gambling
problems need to be filled out.

28. Smith, G. J. (2013). This paper provides a The gambling studies literature This paper found that the
The nature and scope historical review of gambling in was probed for pertinent canadian provinces have a
of gambling in Canada and examines the information on factors such as monopoly on gambling within
Canada. Addiction, 10 benefits and shortcomings of historical development, their borders and treat the
9(5), 706– present-day Canadian legislative changes, economic activity as a profit-driven
710. https://doi.org/10. gambling policies and conditions and cultural business enterprise. Problems
1111/add.12210 practices. This includes a influences that have affected associated with widespread
discussion of provincial and gambling participation and gambling such as addiction,
federal government roles in social responsibility strategies increased crime, bankruptcy
gambling regulation and an in Canada. and suicide are seen as minor
overview of problem gambling concerns and not addressed in
prevention and treatment an aggressive fashion. Given
initiatives. the Canadian federal
government's detachment
from gambling policy and
Canadian provinces' heavy
reliance on gambling
revenues, little change in the
Canadian gambling landscape
is anticipated in the near
future.

29. Tavares, H. (2014). To provide an overview of This paper reviewed published Life-time incidence of
Gambling in Brazil: a gambling in Brazil, including literature and research reports. pathological gambling in Brazil
call for an open historical background, past appears similar to many other
debate. Addiction, 109( and current legislation, countries, at approximately
 12), 1972– gamblers' profile, treatment 1%. Arguably, there is a need
1976. https://doi.org/10 and research initiatives. to develop a more coherent
.1111/add.12560 regulatory and treatment
response to this societal
problem.

30. Liu, M. T., Chang, T. T. The viewpoints from industry Practitioners from banking and Macroeconomic and political
G., Loi, E. H., & Chan, briefly review the success in gambling industries offered factors in China are the
A. (2015). Macau last decade, analyze what their cutting-edged analysis principal direct cause of
gambling industry: challenges and difficulties and viewpoints with scholars’ Macau’s gambling revenue
current challenges and came across currently and observation. decline in 2014, implicating the
opportunities next forecast vulnerability and
decade. Asia Pacific opportunities/development in unsustainability associated
Journal of Marketing next decade of Macau with the VIP business model of
and Logistics, 27(3), gambling industry. The paper gambling industry. Although
499–512. https://doi.or aims to discuss these issues. Macau continues to face
g/10.1108/apjml-03- challenges since late 2014, the
2015-0045 prospect of Macau gambling
industry is still optimistic in the
long term, as there are
emerging positive catalysts
which will boost demand. From
casino operators’ perspective,
they should continue to try to
increase revenue from mass
market and non-gambling
business by relocating the
resource and adding more
non-gambling amenities.

31. Sanjaya, B. F., objectives to be achieved in The research method used in They feel they do not get
Purnawan, A., & this study are to find out the this study is a juridical- protection and security from
Witasari, A. (2022). factors causing the rampant sociological approach. The the authorities, the
The implementing the gambling in the Kudus region, data analysis method used in government in their efforts to
role of the police in to determine the this study is qualitative maintain their daily lives, so
 preventing gambling implementation of the role of analysis, which is a way of they must have done a lot of
crimes. Law the Kudus Resort Police in analyzing research results that speculative actions and
Development Journal, preventing gambling crimes produces analytical descriptive gambling, which can then
4(3), 389. and to find out what obstacles data. develop into deviant behavior
https://doi.org/10.3065 and solutions are in due to forced circumstances
9/ldj.4.3.389-395 implementing the role of the that are not repeated or
Kudus Resort Police in behavior slight deviation
preventing gambling crimes? (primary deviation).

32. Weiner, R. S. This paper builds upon This paper presented evidence This paper presented evidence
(2017). SOCIOPOLITI DeBoer’s (2001) assertion that of gambling at Chaco Canyon from archaeology, oral
CAL, CEREMONIAL, models of ancient North in the form of 471 gaming traditions, and ethnography to
AND ECONOMIC American cultural systems can artifacts currently held in augment previous discussions
ASPECTS OF be enriched by incorporating museum collections in addition of gambling as an important
GAMBLING IN gambling as a dynamic and to oral traditions of descendant sociopolitical, economic, and
ANCIENT NORTH productive social practice Native cultures that describe religious practice in ancient
AMERICA: A CASE using the case study of the extensive gambling in Native North American
STUDY OF CHACO Ancient Puebloan center of Chacoan society. societies using the case study
CANYON. American Chaco Canyon (ca. AD 800– of Chaco Canyon. A tabulation
Antiquity, 83(01), 34– 1180). A review of Native of 471 possible gaming pieces
53. doi:10.1017/aaq.20 North American, Pueblo, and from Chaco, in tandem with
17.45 worldwide ethnography Native oral traditions,
reveals gambling’s emphasizes the role of
multidimensionality as a social, gambling and suggests its
economic, and ceremonial presence and importance in
technology in contrast to its the canyon, perhaps especially
recreational associations in at Pueblo Bonito. The findings
contemporary Western society of this paper also support
scholars who argue that
incorporating indigenous oral
traditions enhances
archaeological investigations
by producing new ways of
approaching the
 archaeological record.

33. Calado, F., & Griffiths, This paper aims to review A systematic literature search concluded that most
M. D. (2016). Problem recent research on adult was carried out using individuals have gambled at
gambling worldwide: gambling and problem academic databases, Internet, some point during their lives,
An update and gambling (since 2000) and and governmental websites. and there are more gamblers
systematic review of then, in the context of a than non-gamblers. This high-
empirical research growing lights the need to conduct
(2000–2015). Journal liberalization of the gambling regular systematic reviews on
of Behavioral market in the European Union, gambling and problem
Addictions, 5(4), 592– intends to provide a more gambling in order to examine
613. https://doi.org/10. detailed analysis of adult gam-
1556/2006.5.2016.073 gambling behavior across bling patterns across different
European countries. countries. From a methodo-
logical point of view, the
majority of gambling studies
have used telephone and face-
to-face interviews to recruit
parti-
cipants. However, it should be
noted that all studies men-
tioned are based on self-report
data, which are subject to
many well-known weaknesses
such as the reliability of
memory, social desirability,
and the honesty of the
responses given. Nonetheless,
despite the relatively com-
mon procedure of data
collection, other variations
have been
found.

34. Zhang, M., Yang, Y., The specific objectives of the A cross-sectional study design The findings of this study can
 Song, G., Cheok, C., current study are to elucidate was utilized to recruit 100 guide further interventions in
Wong, K., & the characteristics of online participants who were the treatment of online
Kandasami, G. (2018). gambling attending gambling related disorders and
Online Gambling amongst an Asian cohort and outpatient services at the could be of interest to
among Treatment- to explore the harm associated NAMS from March 2014 governmental organizations in
Seeking Patients in with online gambling and the through to October 2015. For their planning of
Singapore: A Cross- potential the participants to be regulations for online gambling
Sectional mechanisms by which the considered for the current
Study. International harm associated with online research study, they had to
Journal of gambling could be minimized. fulfill the following inclusion
Environmental criteria: (a) aged 21
Research and Public to 70 years old, and (b) having
Health, 15(4), gambled online on at least
832. https://doi.org/10. three occasions in the year
3390/ijerph15040832 prior to giving
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public
Health 2018, 15, 832 3 of 12
their informed consent.
Participants with active
symptoms of a major
psychiatric disorder such as
schizophrenia or bipolar
disorder were excluded from
the study.

35. Subramaniam, M., The aims of this study were to This study is part of a larger The study emphasizes the role
Chong, S. A., explore both the role families study exploring the initiation of Asian families in both
Satghare, P., play in gambling initiation, and maintenance of gambling initiation and maintenance of
Browning, C. J., & maintenance, in older adults in gambling. Hence, families
Thomas, S. (2017). help-seeking, and the harm Singapore. Since the must be involved in prevention
Gambling and family: A caused to families by the phenomenon of older adult and outreach programs. It is
two-way gambling gambling had not been important to present local data
 relationship. Journal of behavior of older adults using explored in the local
Behavioral a qualitative approach. population, an interpretivist
Addictions, 6(4), 689– approach was adopted. A
698. https://doi.org/10. qualitative approach using in-
1556/2006.6.2017.082 depth interviews was adopted.
on prevalence and harm to
the population as it is more
relevant and creates a better
understanding of the problem.
The need for family members
to stay vigilant must be
emphasized as many families
were
unaware of the true extent of
financial harm caused by
gambling; this unawareness
was due to older adult
gamblers’ reluctance to
discuss the magnitude of loss
with them.

36. Adolphe, A., Khatib, L., The aim of this review was to The original search was The review provided evidence
van Golde, C., identify the nature of crimes conducted from the 26th to the that gambling-related crime
Gainsbury, S. M., & perpetrated by problem 29th of June 2017; eight typically consists of non-
Blaszczynski, A. gamblers and the factors that databases were searched and violent, income-generating
(2018). Crime and contribute to the commission yielded papers for review: offences. However, it also
Gambling Disorders: A of gambling-related crimes. PsycINFO, Westlaw AU, revealed that problem
Systematic Review. Heinonline, Legal Source via gamblers may commit violent
Journal of Gambling Ebsco, Legaltrac via Gale, crimes at a higher than
Studies. doi:10.1007/s1 PubMed, Scopus, and expected rate, which may
0899-018-9794-7 Medline. Kluwer Law Journals have been concealed by
and Oxford Journals were deliberate and unintentional
excluded due to a lack of under-reporting of gambling-
relevant articles. related crimes. The causal
relationship between problem
gambling and violent crime,
however, remains uncertain.
Based on this review,
suggestions are offered for the
 evaluation of perpetrators of
gambling-related crime on a
case-by-case basis, to better
understand the relationship
between gambling and crime
and facilitate more frequent
application of therapeutic
jurisprudence in future.

37. Hancock, L., & Hao, Z. This article addresses land- This article made use of three The research addressed here
(2016). Gambling based casino gambling, with models that are roughly confirms that TNCC’s are
regulatory regimes and consideration of how Asia- sequential, describing changes rational actors focused on the
the framing of Pacific gambling might be over time as well as bottom line. Notwithstanding
“responsible gambling” distinguished from other characterizing differences their affirmations of
by transnational casino globally-oriented regional between regulatory responsible gambling, they
corporations: Asia- gambling regimes. jurisdictions today: moral lack principled approaches
Pacific regimes in (bans on gambling), alibi (strict across their operations when
comparative licensing conditions), and risk there is discretionary
perspective. Asia (cost-benefit on how much risk opportunity. It is clear that
Pacific Journal of can be tolerated). governments, regulators and
Public Administration, casino industry operators are
38(3), 139– aware of global best practice,
153. doi:10.1080/2327 but they choose to cherry pick
6665.2016.1214362 or ignore the evidence that
gambling products are harmful
and have become increasingly
so, and that some other
jurisdictions largely beyond
Asia and the Pacific have
more protective approaches to
casino products, regulation
and operation.

38. Pepito, C. (2019). This study explores the The quasi-experimental The study revealed the
Effects of Illegal Small negative effect of betting illegal research design was used. It negative effects of betting
 Lottery to the Lives of small lottery. involved two hundred thirty- illegal small lottery first, losing
Those Who two respondents who were money. Second is an addiction
Bet. Ascendens Asia identified bets the small illegal to the extent that even the last
Journal of lottery in Luna Placer centavo in their pocket will be
Multidisciplinary Masbate. The respondents saved for betting. The third is
Research were given a survey to borrow money to bet lotto.
Abstracts, 3(2D). questionnaire to collect the Fourth experience poverty that
data needed to get the reason they can't anymore buy their
for those people who bet the daily needs. The fifth is they
lottery and to know the can't give money to their
negative effect and the children and family because
positive effect of the lottery. An they prioritize to bet. And the
interview questionnaire also last is they sell the things that
conducted to validate are important to them in order
responses. to have money for betting.

39. Sarlup, A. (2022). Efforts The purpose of this research: This study uses a qualitative The results of this study
to Handle the Increase in 1. How is the police in the approach and data collection indicate that, the efforts to
Togel Gambling Users process of handling lottery techniques in this study using handle lottery gambling in
During a Pandemic gambling in the city of Ambon. observation, interviews and Ambon City by the police have
Judging from Law No. 7 2. What are the factors that using qualitative descriptive been carried out well, but the
of 1974. LEGAL
influence the increase data analysis approach to the community
BRIEF, 11(2), 1132-1139.
has not been
in lottery gambling in Ambon techniques.
City. maximized.
3. What is the role of the police
in dealing with lottery
gambling in Ambon City?

40. Salazar, M. S. R. (2013). This particular paper aims to The gambling practices of a In conclusion, mahjong and
PLAYING WITH MONEY, discuss the gambling practices card games fulfill important
GAMBLING WITH LIFE: of urban poor informal settlers community of urban poor roles in the lives
MAHJONG AND CARD in Mlang, North Cotabato. informal settlers in a place
GAMES IN THE called Looban in Mlang, North of the people of the Looban.
 LOOBAN, MLANG, Cotabato is hereby analyzed in
NORTH COTABATO. terms of two characteristics of
games. The first characteristic
is that games are make
believe and the second
characteristic is that games
have dual functions.
Such can be their means of
coping with
hardships and crises even on
a temporary basis, in terms of
being able to forget their
present predicament. The dual
function of games highlights
that the game does not only
affect the adults but almost all
the people in the area. As a
consequence, there may be
some admirable traits that are
instilled in the people that help
them survive and manage their
present predicament, such as
resourcefulness. On the other
hand, having some of these
traits may not necessarily work
towards improving their lives.

Guide questions:
1. What is the overarching research topic or area of interest?
The Philippines has a rich history of gambling, a favorite pastime that has been part of our culture long before the Spanish
colonization. However, over time, gambling has taken a darker turn, becoming more harmful, especially in the challenging post-
pandemic period when our economy and people's lives are still recovering. Barangays, as the closest government representatives to
the people, bear the responsibility of curbing these harmful activities within their communities. This is why researchers like us are
keenly interested in studying how barangays are implementing anti-illegal gambling measures. It's not just about following the law; it's
about keeping our communities safe. This topic is fascinating because it's not just about rules and regulations; it's about how our
fellow community members are tackling illegal gambling. It's something that deeply affects the people who call these barangays
home, and they want to see positive changes and improvements for their well-being.
2. What are the fundamental concepts and theories related to this topic?
Studying how barangays in the Philippines are implementing anti-illegal gambling measures is a complex and multi-faceted topic that
involves various fundamental concepts and theories. These are some key concepts and theories related to this topic.

 Public Policy and Regulation: Understanding the role of government policies and regulations in addressing illegal gambling
is essential. The government's stance on gambling, whether it's prohibition, regulation, or a combination of both, shapes the
strategies and measures taken at the barangay level.
 Responsive Governance: The term "responsiveness" in our title implies the need to evaluate how well the barangay
government responds to the issue of illegal gambling. This concept involves studying whether the government is addressing
the concerns of its constituents, adapting policies to changing circumstances, and efficiently utilizing resources.
 Governance and Local Autonomy: Understanding the governance structure in the Philippines, which includes local
autonomy for barangays, is essential. The study should consider how local governments are empowered to create and
enforce policies related to illegal gambling within their jurisdictions.
 Comparative Analysis: Comparative analysis may involve comparing the effectiveness of anti-illegal gambling measures
across different barangays, regions, or over time to identify best practices and areas in need of improvement.

3. For the identification of the research gap, you may answer any of the following questions:

● What specific gaps or unanswered questions can you identify in the reviewed existing researches?
Some specific gaps identified in existing researches are the lack of data and studies conducted within the Philippines. Since the
Philippines has its own anti-illegal gambling provisions that provides the specific gambling activities that are punishable by law, it is
important for the researchers to conduct researches that fit within the context of the Philippines. Another gap identified is that most of
the studies conducted focuses more on finding the presence of gambling within their communities and their detrimental effects on the
gambler and their society, there are little studies that requires the researchers to look for the root of the problem such as the
awareness and responsiveness of barangays when it comes to implementing anti-illegal gambling acts within their community which
could potentially improve and recommend better policies to mitigate such activities.
 ● Are there areas where conflicting findings or inconsistent results exist?
There are some minimal conflicting findings from the reviewed researchers such as the genders of most problem gamblers in the
community, some studies shows that male respondents have more tendency to become problem gamblers while other studies shows
that women have more tendency to gambling especially in lottery. Another finding that does not align with others talks about the
effects of gambling in the economical and social aspects of a community. Some studies relate gambling with other violations of the
law such as domestic abuse and use of illegal drugs, while other studies do not. That is why it is important to focus more on the
context of our community in order for us to understand more the effects of illegal gambling activities on the community and find ways
on how to mitigate it even further.

● Have you noticed any recent developments or emerging areas of interest in the field?
Online illegal gambling seems to be a recent development towards the gambling industry which can be later on studied y other
researchers. The online gambling industry seems to be too new for our legislators to take action into, our laws regarding illegal
gambling are only focused on the traditional ones conducted within communities such as casinos and gambling dens which is why it
would be an interesting topic to look into the online gambling industry.

4. What are the main research questions you want to address in your study?
RESEARCH TITLE: "Assessing the Responsiveness of Anti-Illegal Gambling Measures in Philippine Barangays: A Comprehensive
Study"
1) What is the profile of the Barangay according to:
a. Population
b. Demographic Location
2) What is the level of responsiveness of Barangays in the implementation of Anti-Illegal Gambling Measures?
3) Is there a significant difference in the assessment of Barangay officials and residents on the responsiveness of implementing
Anti-Illegal Gambling Measures?
4) Is there a significant difference on the responsiveness of the Barangays in the implementation of Anti-Illegal Gambling
Measures when grouped according to profile variables?
5) What are the challenges and obstacles faced by barangays when implementing anti-illegal gambling measures and
initiatives?

5. How do these questions align with the identified research gaps?

Yes. These research questions collectively address the multifaceted nature of the problem and the need for a comprehensive
assessment of anti-illegal gambling measures in Philippine barangays. They align with the identified research gaps by delving into
the effectiveness, variations, and challenges associated with these measures, providing a holistic view of the issue and its responses
at the local level.

6. Are the research questions feasible to investigate given available resources and time?
The ability to explore these research questions depends on a mix of factors, including the resources at hand and the time we have
available. Furthermore, whether or not we can feasibly tackle these questions is influenced by our team's expertise, our ability to
access barangays for data collection, and the willingness of barangay officials and residents to actively participate in our study.

Moreover, how we structure our research - from the overall design to the way we choose our sample and the plan for analyzing the
data - all these factors significantly affect the feasibility of our project.

To ensure that this study is doable and doesn't run into insurmountable obstacles, it's absolutely crucial to start with a thorough
assessment of feasibility. This means taking stock of the resources we have, being realistic about our time constraints, identifying
available data sources, and being mindful of potential challenges that could crop up during data collection and analysis.

We might also need to be open to making adjustments to our research questions or our methods if we find that the available
resources and time don't align neatly with our initial plans. Flexibility can be key to a successful research endeavor.

Please submit by September 16, 2023. You should also be able to develop a working title by then.