Mapua University

School of Mechanical and

Manufacturing Engineering

CROSS PEEN HAMMER: LATHE

MACHINING PROCESSES 2 ( FACING
STRAIGHT TURNING, DRILLING,
KNURLING )

Shop Exercise 6

RAMOS, Paul Jasper C Date Performed

2019136222 12 JANUARY 2023
ME137L-2/E02 Date Submitted
19 JANUARY 2023

Engr. Sherwin Magon

Instructor
 OBJECTIVES:
1 ) Familiarize the students regarding
the various parts and functions of
the Lathe machine.
2 ) To correctly set up the workpiece
on a lathe.
3) To be able to perform lathe
machining processes.
4) To make a knurled hammer handle
according to the specifications
given.
METHODS/DISCUSSION/ANALYSIS:
Carpenters use cross - peen hammers
mostly for driving in nails in the
construction business. They are also
known as Warrington pattern
hammers. The cross - peen hammer
was first used in the English town of
Warrington in the middle of the 1800 s,
but its creator is unknown. A cross-
peen hammer, on the other hand, is a
particular kind of hammer with an
end that is wedge shaped on the side
opposite the face. The main
applications for the tool are riveting
and forging, which involve hammering
together two or more metal
components to form a joint after
the metal has been heated to a
certain shape. The woodworking
sector use hammers of this kind as
well.
 TOOLS/MATERIAL/EQUIPMENT:
1) Low carbon steel ASTM 1020
1pc. 75 mm x 23 mm x 23 mm (Head)
1pc. 250 mm x 15 mm (Handle)
2)Hacksaw
3) Scriber
4)Vernier Caliper
5) Flat file
6)Level
7) Ball peen hammer
8)Half-round file
9) Drill bit 8 mm
10)Lathe Machine
11)Steel brush
12)Sand paper
13)Shaper Machine
14)Drilling Machine
15)Apron
16)Gloves
17)Safety Goggles
MECHANICAL DRAWING
PROCEDURE:
Start

Use the level to align the block on the

shaper machine.
Reduce the block width and height to
20 mm using the shaper machine on
automated feed.
Taper edges 5 mm using flat file.
Mark 30mm from the tip using a
vernier caliper and scriber. Mark 20mm
on the opposite block tip using a
scriber.
Mark 4mm from the center of one
block side at the 30mm mark. Angle
the 30mm and 4mm.
Remove unwanted metal block pieces
using the shaper machine.
Center punch and hammer a hole in the
block's remaining 25mm.
Drill press the specified hole and
chamfer it.
Refine metal block using half-round
file and sandpaper.
Face and drill both ends of the round
metal bar on the lathe.
Slow feed the material until the radius
is 13.5mm. Mark 130 mm and knurl.
Measure 65mm in length from the first
mark then feed the material until it
have 12 mm radius.
Mark 35 mm in length from the second
mark and feed the material until it
have 8 mm radius.

Finish the material with the use of

sandpaper.

Put the hammer head and handle

together. Hammer the head to the
handle to lock it. Cut extra with a
hacksaw, leaving some for locking.

Sandpaper and file the top until it is

concealed.

End
TOPIC QUESTIONS:
1. What is a Lathe? Identify and
discuss the various types of lathes.
A machine tool known as a lathe
holds the work piece between two
strong, rigid supports, sometimes
known as centers or chucks, while
the cutting tool is fed against the
rotating work while being tightly held
and maintained in a tool holder.
Types of lathes:
Engine Lathe- most popular kind of
lathe. The cone pulley and rear gears
are replaced with a set of gears.
Bench Lathe - is a small lathe on
specially built benches or cabinets.
Since it's efficient, it's employed for
little jobs.
Speed Lathe - contains most lathe
accessories but no power feed. No
gearbox, carriage, or lead screw. Thus,
the tool is fed and operated manually.
2. What is a cross - peen hammer?
Identify the types and its various
uses.
 One of the most popular forging
tools is the cross - peen hammer.
Blacksmiths depend heavily on this
instrument to do most of the
hammering labor needed for most
projects.
Types of Cross-Peen Hammers:
Swedish style – its head is made up
of alloy steel which are design to
withstands constant hits.
French hammer – this is used in school
setting since it can be easily
controlled.
3. Describe how to set up the lathe
properly using a process flow
diagram.
Start

Plug the machine to have power.

Attach workpiece to lathe and make
sure that it is center and locked.
 Attach other needed tools such as
the dead center if needed.
Set the right rpm for the task.
Wear PPE and start cutting using
the machine.

End

4. What are the various types of

chucks that are used in a lathe?
Enumerate and discuss the
advantages and disadvantages.
3 Jaw Chuck:
Advantage: Easy to use.
Disadvantage: Can't hold irregularly
shaped work.
4 Jaw Chuck:
Advantage: Can hold square or
rectangular object
 Disadvantage: Difficult to mount
work.
5. Besides straight turning processes,
what are the other uses of a lathe
machine? Enumerate and discuss.
Knurling- it can be used to produce
patterns in various roughness.
Drilling- it can be used to drill by
using drill bit instead of dead center.
Finishing- it can be used to finish
product by letting it spin and finishing
it by sandpaper.
6. Identify the essential parts of the
lathe machine and the functions of
each.
Head stock- The control lever
Tail stock - support the workpiece.
Bed - everything is connected to it.
Carriage- hold the cutting tool at
desired angle.
Lead Screw- utilized to move the
lathe carriage in sync with the spindle.
Feed Rod-use to move the carriage.
Chip Pan - collects lathe chips.
 Hand Wheel-use to move different
parts of the machine during operation.
7. What is knurling? Describe the
process and identify the types of
knurling.
On a workpiece, knurling produces
horizontal, vertical, or crossing lines.
This basically seeks to improve the
workpiece's grip in the designated
area.
Types of Knurling:
Straight
Diamond
Left Hand
Right Hand
8. When processing steel in a lathe
machine, how can one identify the
proper speed and type of cutting tool
to be used? Tabulate these.
Average cutting speed expressed in
meter per minute for different
operations in a lathe.
 Thread
Material Turning Cutting Drilling Reaming
Brass 60-90 20-25 60-90 25-30
Mild Steel 25-31 9-10 28-25 10-15
Cast Iron 15-19 7-8 22-31 6-8
Aluminum 120 25-30 60-90 20-30
 CONCLUSION
The lesson showed how to
construct a cross - peen hammer
using a variety of techniques,
including joining, patternmaking, and
measuring. Additionally, it calls for
the use of both manual and
mechanical tools including a lathe,
shaper, drill press, and sandpaper. The
group was able to complete the
tasks at hand by comprehending all
the concepts and techniques
required in the exercise. In addition,
we learned about the equipment and
materials required to make a cross
peen hammer.
RECOMMENDATION
The guidelines for the shop exercise
are detailed, however there are
certain places where they may be
improved. I suggest using the
correct procedure. Additionally, I
suggest asking the technician or
instructor for guidance on the
necessary rpm for a particular task.
Remove the chuck key and any other
hand tools from the machine to
prevent any mishaps.
REFERENCES
METHODS/DISCUSSION/ANALYSIS
1)https://workingtheflame.com/cross-
peen-hammer-uses/
TOPIC QUESTIONS
TQ1) https://www.merriam-webster.com/
dictionary/lathe
TQ2)
a)https://www.yourdictionary.com/cro
ss-peen-hammer
b)https://www.blacksmithsdepot.com/s
wedish-style-hammers.html
c)https://www.abmtools.com/product/f
rench-hammer/
TQ3)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lathe
TQ4)https://www.gosiger.com/business/
which-is-better-3-jaw-or-collet-chucks
TQ5)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lath e
TQ6)https://www.mechical.com/2022/01/
parts-of-lathe-machine.html
TQ7)https://www.merriam-webster.co
m/dictionary/knurling
TQ8)https://www.theengineerspost.com
/lathe-machine-
formula/?fbclid = IwAR1fSLtDMafOGGQ
QUmlqAJy2v81T20x0TXPM9t8YDH8-
EX7UlJX7jcTM3VQ