28/9/2021

ORTHOGRAPHIC
PROJECTIONS
B58DB-Design and Manufacture 2
Noor Shieela Kalib

Objectives
• Introduction of ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
• Function of orthographic projection
• Introduction of Multiview
• Illustrate orthographic projection

Noor Shieela Binti Kalib

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ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
• OBJECT IS OBSERVED IN THREE
DIRECTIONS.
• THE DIRECTIONS SHOULD BE
NORMAL TO THE RESPECTIVE
PLANES

• PLANE
• VERTICAL PLANE ( VP )
• HORIZONTAL PLANE ( HP )
• PROFILE PLANE ( PP )

Noor Shieela Binti Kalib

ORTHOGRAPHIC Drawing
• To graphically represent a 3D object on 2D media

Noor Shieela Binti Kalib

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ORTHOGRAPHIC Drawing
• Also called as working diagram
• Usually used by designed
/engineer

Noor Shieela Binti Kalib

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
A TECHNICAL DRAWING IN WHICH DIFFERENT VIEWS OF AN
OBJECT ARE PROJECTED ON DIFFERENT REFERENCE PLANES
OBSERVING PERPENDICULAR TO RESPECTIVE REFERENCE PLANE

• Front View is a view

projected on VP.
• Top View is a view
projected on HP.
• Side View is a view
projected on PP.

Noor Shieela Binti Kalib

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ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
Top view

Noor Shieela Binti Kalib

WHAT IS MULTI VIEW

• A system that allows you to make a 2D drawing of a 3D object,

Noor Shieela Binti Kalib

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Method
Glass box concept
 The glass box theory
is commonly used as
a visual aid in
defining
orthographic
projection.

 The six planes that

make up the box are
defined as the
principal projection
planes.

Noor Shieela Binti Kalib

Method
Glass box concept

Noor Shieela Binti Kalib

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WHAT IS MULTI VIEW

Noor Shieela Binti Kalib

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ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

TOP VIEW

SIDE VIEW FRONT VIEW

Noor Shieela Binti Kalib

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ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW

TOP VIEW

Noor Shieela Binti Kalib

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How to draw?? FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW

WIDTH
• EXAMPLE 1
1. Draw the boundary line
2. Draw 45°
HEIGHT

3. Draw the TOP VIEW at full scale

4. Extend all vertical line from TOP VIEW
5. Draw boundary line FROM front view
6. Extend all horizontal line from FRONT
VIEW
7. Then , illustrate the FRONT VIEW
8. Extend all horizontal line from TOP 45°
VIEW
9. Draw boundary line ( at SIDE VIEW)
10. Extend all horizontal line from TOP
VIEW
11. Then , illustrate the SIDE VIEW
TOP VIEW
Noor Shieela Binti Kalib

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ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
• EXAMPLE 2

Noor Shieela Binti Kalib

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