Diagrams & Flowcharts – Endocrine System

Instruction: Date: 17/07/2023

1. Write the diagrams/flow charts neatly with proper Labeling in 100page unruled
notebook
2. Submit your assignment to the respective Table Teacher on time
3. Clarify your doubts with teacher concerned.
4. Submit the assignment by August 28th 2023

1. General Endocrinology
Comparison between Endocrine and Nervous System

Features Endocrine System Nervous System

Communication Method Secretes hormones; hormones are
transported within the blood &
distributed to target cells throughout
body
Target of Stimulation Any cell in the body with a receptor for
the hormone
Response Time Relatively slow reaction time: seconds to
minutes to hours
Range of Effect Typically has widespread effects
throughout the body
Duration of Response Long-lasting: minutes to days to weeks:
may continue after stimulus is removed
A nerve signal causes
neurotransmitter release from a
neuron into a synaptic cleft
Other neurons, muscle cells & gland
cells
Rapid reaction time: Typically
milliseconds or seconds
Typically has localized specific
effects in the body
Short- term: Milliseconds,
terminates with removal of stimulus
Types of Hormones & Second messenger system
Hormones That Use Hormones That Use the Adenylyl
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Cyclase–cAMP Second Messenger
Signaling System
 Fibroblast growth  Adrenocorticotropic hormone
factor (ACTH)
 Growth hormone  Angiotensin II (epithelial
 Insulin cells)
 Insulin-like growth  Calcitonin
factor-1  Catecholamines (â receptors)
 Leptin  Corticotropin-releasing
 Prolactin hormone (CRH)
 Follicle-stimulating hormone
(FSH)
 Glucagon
 Growth hormone–releasing
hormone (GHRH)
 Luteinizing hormone (LH)
 Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
 Somatostatin
 Thyroid-stimulating hormone
(TSH)
 Vasopressin (V2 receptor,
epithelial cells)
Hormones That Use the
Phospholipase C Second
Messenger System
 Angiotensin II (vascular
smooth muscle)
 Catecholamines (α
receptors)
 Gonadotropin-releasing
hormone (GnRH)
 Growth hormone–
releasing hormone
(GHRH)
 Parathyroid hormone
(PTH)
 Oxytocin
 Thyrotropin-releasing
hormone (TRH)
 Vasopressin (V1 receptor,
vascular smooth muscle)
Feedback Mechanisms
2. HYPOTHALAMUS & PITUTARY
Growth Hormone
Milk Ejection Reflex
3. THYROID GLAND
4. ADRENAL GLAND
5. ENDOCRINE PANCREAS
Pathophysiology of Diabetes mellitus & its complication
6. CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS (PARA THYROID, VIT D, CALCITONIN)
7. OTHERS