‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﺍﻝﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪٢٠٠٨ -٤‬‬

‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺩﻯ ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻷﺼﺒﺎﻍ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫‪DETERMINING THE EXTENT OF THEAGREEMENT BETWEEN‬‬
‫‪MODERN PAINTS COMPANY WASTE WATER AND SEWAGE AND‬‬
‫‪IRAQI SPECIFICATIONS‬‬

‫*‬
‫ﺤﺒﺎﻴﺏ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﺠﻴﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ‬
‫ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﻝﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﺼﺒﺎﻍ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘـﻀﻤﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺨﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺸﻌﺒﺔ ﻁﻼﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺤﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺌﻲ)ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺘﻼﻴﺕ( ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﺠﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻨﻬﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺎﻝﻴـل ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭﻴـﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻴـﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠـﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘـﻲ ﺘـﺸﻤل ﻗﻴـﺎﺱ ﺍﻷﺱ ﺍﻝﻬﻴـﺩﺭﻭﺠﻴﻨﻲ )‪ ( PH‬ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠـﺔ‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﻴﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺔﻝﻼﻭﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ)‪( BOD‬ﻭﺍﻤﻼﺡ ﺍﻝﻔﻭﺴﻔﺎﺕ ‪( PO4) -3‬ﻭﺍﻝﻜﺒﺭﻴﺘـﺎﺕ ‪ ( SO4) -2‬ﻭﺍﻝﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴـﺩﺍﺕ ‪( CI)-1‬ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺘـﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫‪ ( NO3)1‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺒﺔﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻘﺔ )‪ ،( TSS‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺌﺒﺔ )‪ ( TDS‬ﻝﻠﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺸﻬﺭ ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ 2001‬ﻝﻐﺎﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺤﺯﻴﺭﺍﻥ ‪. 2001‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻥ ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻤﻭﺡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﺎﻋـﺩﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﻴﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻝﻸﻭﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻤﻭﺡ ﺒﻪ ﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻁل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻬﻭﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪Abstract‬‬
‫‪This study deals with the specifications of waste water that comes from the Modern‬‬
‫‪Paint Company which includes industrial waste water coming out of the emulsion paint‬‬
‫‪department and sewage thrown into the Tigris river and how much is it agreement with‬‬
‫‪the Iraqi specifications of rivers protection system.‬‬
‫‪PH , BOD , TDS , TSS , SO4-2 , PO4-3 , NO3-1 , Cl-1‬‬
‫‪Tests were made to waste water in the period from January to June 2001. Results‬‬
‫‪showed that the specifications of water coming from the treatment unit have been within‬‬
‫‪the limits except the biological need for Oxygen for some samples because of damage in the‬‬
‫‪airation pumps.‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻭﺜﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺨﻠﻔﻬـﺎ ﺍﻝـﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻘﻠﺔ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯﻫﺎ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﺤﺘﻭﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﻏﺭﻴﺒﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻝـﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺘـﻀﺨﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻭﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺃﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺘﻀﺎﻋﻔﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻀﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ‪ ٢٠٠٤/١٠/٢٠‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ‪٢٠٠٥/٤/١٤‬‬
‫*‬
‫ﻤﺩﺭﺱ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ‪ /‬ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‬

‫‪١‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﺍﻝﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪٢٠٠٨ -٤‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺩﺨل ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻭﺜﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻨﺤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻡ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﻫﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﻭﻭﻜﺎﻻﺕ ﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘـﻲ ﺘﺠﺒـﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﻨﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻭﺼﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺠـﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ]‪.[1‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻼﺴﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﺒﺎﺌﻙ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﻼﺀ ﺍﻝﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻑ ﺴﻁﻭﺡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﺴﻊ ]‪ ،[2‬ﺍﺫﺍ ﻝـﻡ ﺘﻜـﻥ ﻤﻭﺍﺼـﻔﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻀـﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺘﺴﺒﺒﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﻠﻰ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺴﺠﻠﺕ ﻤﻘﺎﻁﻌﺔ ﻜﻭﻴﺎﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺤل ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻲ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﺎﺒﺎﻥ ﺤﻭﺍﺩﺙ ﺃﺼﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺒﻤﺭﺽ ﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺍﺴﻤﻪ ﺍﻴﺘﻲ – ﺍﻴﺘﻲ )‪ ( Itai – Itai‬ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ، 1946‬ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﺎﻡ ﻤﺴﺒﺒﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻀﻤﺤﻼﻝﻬﺎ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻴﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺽ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻜﺴﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻫﺯﺍﺕ ﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﻜﺎﻝﺴﻌﺎل‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﻝﻤﻨﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻔﻭﺴﻔﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻭﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﺤﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﻭﺭﻴﺩ )‪ ( Fluoride‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻨﺘﺎﺠﻬﺎ ﺘﺴﺒﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺂﻜل ﺍﻻﺴﻨﺎﻥ )‪ (Mottling‬ﻭﺘﺸﻭﻫﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻻﻁﻔﺎل ﺤﺘﻰ ﺴﻥ ﺘﺴﻊ ﺴـﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺘﻪ ﻋﻥ ﺠﺯﺀ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻠﻴﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻝﻙ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﺤﻭل ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻭﺠﻤﺎﻋﺘﻪ]‪ [3‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺨﻠﻔﺔ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻤل ﺤﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﺩﺓ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺒﻴﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺘﻐﺎﻴﺭ ﻨﺴﺏ ) ‪( SO4-2 ، Cl-1 ، TDS ،Ca+2‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻥ ﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﻑ ﻭﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺭ ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﻁﺭﺡ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﺫ ﻝﻭﺤﻅ ﺍﻥ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺭ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺄﺜﺭﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺨﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻤل ﻭﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻤﻭﺡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﺄﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺌﺒﺔ ﺍﺫ ﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺨﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﺩﺒﺎﻏﺔ ]‪ [4‬ﻭﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻨﻬﺎ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻤﻭﺡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻋﺩﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﻭﻱ ﻝﻼﻭﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺍﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺸﻌﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﻼﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺌﻲ )ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺘﻼﻴـﺕ ( ﻭﻤﻴـﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﺼﺒﺎﻍ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ ﻭ ﺘﻌﺩ ﻋﺎﻤﻼ ﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﻝﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻻﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻓﺄﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻤﻭﺡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻙ ﻴﺴﺒﺏ ﻤﺭﺽ "ﺯﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻻﻁﻔﺎل " ﻝﻼﻁﻔﺎل ﺘﺤﺕ ﻋﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭﻴﻥ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺄﺨﺘﺯﺍل ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻔل ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺭﻴﺕ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﻤﻊ ﺍﻭﻜﺴﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﻤﻭﻜﻠﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻡ ﻭﻴﻀﻌﻑ ﺴـﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻤل ﺍﻻﻭﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ]‪ ،[5‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﺩﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﺒﺭﻴﺘﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﺴﺒﺏ ﻤﺸﺎﻜﻼ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ]‪ ،[6‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﻋﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﻴﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻻﺴﻬﺎل ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻘﺔ)‪ (TSS‬ﺘﺘﺤﻠل ﻭﺘﺴﺘﻨﺯﻑ ﺍﻻﻭﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﺍﺏ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺱ ﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﺌﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺘـﺴﺒﺏ‬
‫ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍ ﺒﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺭﺍﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺌﺒﺔ)‪ (TDS‬ﻓﻌﻼﻭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺯﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﻝﻼﻭﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﺤـﺩﺍﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜل]‪.[1‬‬
‫ﺘﺘﻡ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﺼﺒﺎﻍ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ‪- :‬‬

‫ﺃ _ ﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺨﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﺃﺼﺒﺎﻍ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺘﻼﻴﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﻗﻨﺎﺓﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﺤﻭﺍﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻻﻭﻝﻲ ) ﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ، ( 1‬ﺘﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺠﺯﺌﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻭﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺠﺭﻴـﺎﻥ ﺒﻁﻴﺌـﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﻌﺯل ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ‪،‬ﻴﺄﺨﺫ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺠﺒﺔ)‪Batch‬‬
‫( ﺤﺠﻤﻬﺎ ) ‪ (20 m3‬ﺍﻝﻰ ﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻀﺎﻑ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜﺴﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺭﻜﻴـﺯ ) ‪(25%‬ﺒﻜﻤﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻻﺱ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﺠﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﺏ ) ‪ (Al2(SO4)3‬ﺒﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ) ‪ ( 0.15 g/l‬ﻭﻤـﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺒـﻭﻝﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻝﻴـﺕ ﺒﺘﺭﻜﻴـﺯ‬
‫)‪ ( 0.013 g / l‬ﺘﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻴﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺘﻨﻘل ﻜﺎﻤل ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﻭﺘﺘﺭﻙ ﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﻴـﻭﻡ‬

‫‪٢‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﺍﻝﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪٢٠٠٨ -٤‬‬

‫ﻻﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻓﻲ ﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﻤﻊ ﻓﺤﺹ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﻴﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺯﺍﻥ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻘـﺎﻭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ‪،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻻﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻭﺽ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻤﻊ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺌﺽ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻝﺞ ﺃﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻭﺍﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﻜﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ) ‪ ( 250 l‬ﻤﻥ ﻜل ﻭﺠﺒﺔ ﻓﺘﺤﻭل ﺍﻝﻰ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﺍﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺴﺤﺏ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﻤﺎ ﻤﺭﺓ ﻝﻜل‬
‫ﺴﺘﺔ ﺃﺴﺎﺒﻴﻊ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻭﻀﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺏ – ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻭﺽ ﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ) ﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ، ( 2‬ﺘﺭﻓﻊ ﻭﺠﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻴـﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺤﺠﻤﻬﺎ ) ‪ ( 2m3‬ﺍﻝﻰ ﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﻬﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺩﻭﻻﺒﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻬﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﻜل ﺍﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺴﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﻴﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﺤﻭﺍﻝﻲ ) ‪ ( 50 l‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﺍﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﻜﺘﺭﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﻜل ﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﻗﺒل ﺍﻁﻔـﺎﺀ ﺩﻭﺍﻝﻴـﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻬﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀﺍﻝﻌﻤل ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻜﺴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻀﻭﻴﺔ]‪. [7‬‬
‫ﺘﺩﺨل ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﻬﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺘﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺄﻜـﺴﺩﺓ ﺒﻔﻌـل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻜﺘﺭﻴﺎ ﻭﺘﺴﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﺍﺴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﻔﻠﻪ ﻜل ) ‪ ( 5‬ﺃﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺤﻭﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﻔﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺭﻙ ﻤﻜﺸﻭﻓﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺠﻔﻴﻑ ﻤﺎ ﻋـﺩﺍ ﺃﻭﻗـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺭ ﺸﺘﺎﺀﺍ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﺴﺤﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻘﻴـﻡ ﺍﻝـﺫﻱ ﻴـﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻝــﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻜﻠـﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ) ‪ ( 5 g/ l‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﺩ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﻗﺸﻁ ﻤﺨﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻓـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺤﺎﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻰ ﻤﻘﺎﻝﻊ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻲ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﻭﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬

‫‪ .١‬ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺫﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺸﻌﺒﺔ ﻁﻼﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺤﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺌﻲ ) ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺘﻼﻴﺕ‬
‫( ) ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻜل ﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻡ ( ﻭﺒﻤﻌﺩل ) ‪ ( 3‬ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺸﻬﺭﻴﺎ ﺒﺩﺀﺁ ﻤﻥ ﺸﻬﺭ ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ‪2001‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺤﺯﻴﺭﺍﻥ ‪ 2001‬ﻭﺒﺤﺠﻡ ) ‪ ( 1‬ﻝﺘﺭ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٢‬ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺎﻝﻴل ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻴﺯﻴﺎﻭﻴﺔ‬

‫‪H‬‬
‫‪ ( P‬ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻴـﺎ ﺒﻭﺍﺴـﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺎﻝﻴل ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻴﺯﻴﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻝﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫﺓ ‪،‬ﻭ ﺘﻡ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻻﺱ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﺠﻴﻨﻲ )‬
‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ )‪،( PH Meters‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﺘﻡ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻬﺎ ﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭﻴﺎ ﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺘﻡ ﺤـﺴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻘﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺸﻴﺢ ﺜﻡ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻓﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﻥ ]‪ ،[8‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﻴﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴـﺔ ﻝﻼﻭﻜـﺴﺠﻴﻥ ﻓـﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻻﻭﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﺍﺏ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺃﺨﺫ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺍﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﺎﻨﺔ]‪.[9‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل )‪ ( 1‬ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺅﺜﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠـﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻤـﺎﺫﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺴﺔ ﺨﻼل )‪( 6‬ﺃﺸﻬﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻤﻭﺡ ﺒﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﻬﺎﺭ ‪ .‬ﻭﻗـﺩ ﺘـﻡ‬
‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺩﻯ ﻝﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺜﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠـﺩﻭل )‪ ( 2‬ﻭﻓـﻕ]‪ ، [10‬ﻭﺘـﺩل‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺱ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﺠﻴﻨﻲ )‪( PH‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻨﻬﺎ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻤﻭﺡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻥ ﻤﻌـﺩل ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻀـﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻴـﻀﺎ ﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل ﻗﻠﻴل ﻭﻴﺩل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻤﺘﻘﺎﺭﺒﺔ ﻭﻤﺘﺠﺎﻨﺴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ( 2‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﻴﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻝﻼﻭﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ )‪ ( BOD‬ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻝﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻤﻭﺡ ﺒـﻪ‬ ‫•‬

‫‪٣‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﺍﻝﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪٢٠٠٨ -٤‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻭﻀﺤﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻤﻭﺡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻋﺩﺍ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺭﻗـﻡ )‪(١٨) (15‬‬
‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻬﻭﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻀﺦ ﺍﻻﻭﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﻬﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻨﺸﻴﻁ ﺍﻝﺒﻜﺘﺭﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻬﻭﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪( 3‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺌﺒﺔ )‪ (TDS‬ﺒﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻭﻀﺤﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻥ ﺠﻤﻴـﻊ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻤﻭﺡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻥ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻴـﻀﺎ ﻭﺍﻥ ﻤـﺩﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺴﻊ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻻﻥ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻠﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻭﺜﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-1‬‬
‫‪(NO3‬‬ ‫‪ (PO4‬ﻭﺍﻝﻜﻠﻭﺭ )‪ (Cl-1‬ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺘﺭﺍﺕ)‬ ‫‪-3‬‬
‫‪ (SO4‬ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻭﺴﻔﺎﺕ)‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻘﺔ )‪ (TSS‬ﻭﺍﻝﻜﺒﺭﻴﺘﺎﺕ)‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻓﺎﻥ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯﻫﺎ ﺒﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﺒل ﻭﺃﻗل ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻀﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻻﺸﻜﺎل ) ‪ ( 8,7,6,5,4‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ( 2‬ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﻠﻴل ﻋﻥ ﻗـﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌـﺩﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻥ ﻤـﺩﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻗﻠﻴل ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺠﺎﻨﺱ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺜﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﻝﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﺼﺒﺎﻍ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫‪٤‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﺍﻝﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪٢٠٠٨ -٤‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪:( 1‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺜﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﺔ ﺒﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ )ﻤﻠﻐﻡ ‪ /‬ﻝﺘﺭ(ﻤﺎ ﻋﺩﺍ ﺍﻻﺱ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺩﺭﺠﻴﻨﻲ‬

‫ت‬ ‫ا ا‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫اا‬

‫‪6-9.5‬‬ ‫‪7.72‬‬ ‫‪7.68‬‬ ‫‪7.33‬‬ ‫‪7.3‬‬ ‫‪7.48‬‬ ‫‪7.32‬‬ ‫‪7.24‬‬ ‫‪7.22‬‬ ‫‪7.31‬‬ ‫‪7.33‬‬ ‫‪7.4‬‬ ‫‪7.44‬‬ ‫‪7.49‬‬ ‫‪7.51‬‬ ‫‪7.54‬‬ ‫‪7.56‬‬ ‫‪7.6‬‬ ‫‪7.69‬‬ ‫‪PH‬‬

‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪50.4‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬ ‫‪37‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪16.5‬‬ ‫‪17.2‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪22.8‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪18.5‬‬ ‫‪17.3‬‬ ‫‪16.1‬‬ ‫‪15.6‬‬ ‫‪BOD‬‬

‫‪1000‬‬ ‫‪408‬‬ ‫‪420‬‬ ‫‪490‬‬ ‫‪555‬‬ ‫‪570‬‬ ‫‪608‬‬ ‫‪684‬‬ ‫‪680‬‬ ‫‪670‬‬ ‫‪671‬‬ ‫‪682‬‬ ‫‪690‬‬ ‫‪662‬‬ ‫‪610‬‬ ‫‪775‬‬ ‫‪820‬‬ ‫‪850‬‬ ‫‪924‬‬ ‫‪TDS‬‬

‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6.5‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪TSS‬‬

‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪270‬‬ ‫‪268‬‬ ‫‪265‬‬ ‫‪260‬‬ ‫‪271‬‬ ‫‪278‬‬ ‫‪285‬‬ ‫‪280‬‬ ‫‪282‬‬ ‫‪280‬‬ ‫‪290‬‬ ‫‪295‬‬ ‫‪304‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪280‬‬ ‫‪235‬‬ ‫‪220‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪SO4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪0.86‬‬ ‫‪0.93‬‬ ‫‪1.123‬‬ ‫‪1.25‬‬ ‫‪1.32‬‬ ‫‪1.44‬‬ ‫‪1.62‬‬ ‫‪1.65‬‬ ‫‪1.59‬‬ ‫‪1.56‬‬ ‫‪1.42‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪1.13‬‬ ‫‪1.33‬‬ ‫‪1.62‬‬ ‫‪1.95‬‬ ‫‪2.1‬‬ ‫‪2.6‬‬ ‫‪PO4‬‬

‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪137‬‬ ‫‪136‬‬ ‫‪134‬‬ ‫‪131‬‬ ‫‪129‬‬ ‫‪128‬‬ ‫‪125‬‬ ‫‪122‬‬ ‫‪119‬‬ ‫‪118‬‬ ‫‪122‬‬ ‫‪119‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪118‬‬ ‫‪121‬‬ ‫‪128‬‬ ‫‪135‬‬ ‫‪149‬‬ ‫‪Cl‬‬

‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪4.15‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3.9‬‬ ‫‪3.8‬‬ ‫‪3.5‬‬ ‫‪3.9‬‬ ‫‪3.8‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4.2‬‬ ‫‪4.5‬‬ ‫‪4.8‬‬ ‫‪5.8‬‬ ‫‪6.1‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪5.9‬‬ ‫‪5.7‬‬ ‫‪5.6‬‬ ‫‪5.4‬‬ ‫‪NO3‬‬

‫‪٥‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﺍﻝﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪٢٠٠٨ -٤‬‬

‫‪ #$%‬ر!) ‪   (٢‬اآ ‪  BOD‬ذج ا  )( ا '‬ ‫ﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ‪ PH‬ﻝﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ‬

‫‪7.8‬‬
‫آ‪(//!+,-)BOD‬‬

‫‪60‬‬
‫‪7.6‬‬
‫‪40‬‬
‫‪7.4‬‬

‫‪PH‬‬
‫‪Max. BOD allowable‬‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪7.2‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪6.8‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪17‬‬
‫ا*** ذج‬
‫ا** * ذج‬

‫‪H‬‬
‫‪* Max P allowable = 6-9.5‬‬

‫‪ #$%‬ر! ) ‪ *  (٤‬اآ* ا * اد ا ‪ *  * 6‬ذج‬ ‫‪ #$%‬ر! ) ‪   (٣‬اآ ا اد اا  ذج ا ‬
‫ا*  )*( ا ' *‬ ‫)( ا '‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫آ‪( //!+,-)TSS‬‬

‫‪1000‬‬

‫آ‪(//!+,-)TDS‬‬
‫‪Max. TDS allowable‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪800‬‬
‫‪600‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬
‫‪200‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18‬‬
‫‪1‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫ا**** ذج‬

‫ا** * ذج‬

‫‪* Max TSS allowable = 60‬‬

‫‪٦‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﺍﻝﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪٢٠٠٨ -٤‬‬

‫‪ #$%‬ر! ) ‪   (٥‬اآ ا‪ /$‬ت  ذج ا  )(‬

‫‪ #$%‬ر*! ) ‪ **  (٦‬اآ** ا >** ت ** ذج ا**  )***(‬
‫ا '****‬ ‫ا '‬
‫آ ‪(//!+,-) PO٤‬‬

‫آ ‪(//!+,-) SO٤‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪Max. PO4 allowable‬‬
‫‪400‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪300‬‬
‫‪Max. SO4 allowable‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫‪1‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪17‬‬
‫‪1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18‬‬
‫ا***** ذج‬ ‫ا**** ذج‬

‫‪ #$%‬ر! ) ‪   (٨‬اآ ا‪/‬ات  ذج ا  )(‬

‫‪ #$%‬ر! ) ‪   (٧‬اآ ا‪ ,$‬ر(ات  ذج ا  )(‬
‫ا '‬
‫ا '‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪160‬‬

‫آ ‪(//!+,-) CL‬‬

‫‪6‬‬
‫آ‪NO٣‬‬
‫)‪(/ /!+,-‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪140‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪120‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪17‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬
‫ا** * ذج‬ ‫ا** * ذج‬

‫‪* Max NO3 allowable = 50‬‬ ‫‪* Max Cl allowable = 600‬‬

‫‪٧‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﺍﻝﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪٢٠٠٨ -٤‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ ) ‪" :(2‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺩﻯ ﻝﻠﻤﺅﺜﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ"‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺜﺭ‬

‫‪6 – 9.5‬‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪0.150‬‬ ‫‪7.45‬‬ ‫‪PH‬‬

‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪34.8‬‬ ‫‪10.59‬‬ ‫‪26.19‬‬ ‫‪BOD‬‬
‫‪1000‬‬ ‫‪516‬‬ ‫‪130.50‬‬ ‫‪653.8‬‬ ‫‪TDS‬‬
‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪2.88‬‬ ‫‪9.19‬‬ ‫‪TSS‬‬
‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪26.42‬‬ ‫‪270.17‬‬ ‫‪SO4‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1.74‬‬ ‫‪0.42‬‬ ‫‪1.483‬‬ ‫‪PO4‬‬
‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪8.25‬‬ ‫‪127.28‬‬ ‫‪Cl‬‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪2.6‬‬ ‫‪0.89‬‬ ‫‪4.72‬‬ ‫‪NO3‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫‪ .١‬ﻋﻤﺭ ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‪،‬ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‪،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺼل‪،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ ‪. 1991‬‬
‫‪2. International Congress Stockholm , Industrial waste water , 1972 .‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺤﺴﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻭﻙ ﻭﺤﺎﻤﺩ ﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ‪" ،‬ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﺨﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻤل ﺤﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﺩﺓ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﻴـﺎﻩ ﻨﻬـﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺍﺕ " ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪. 1996 ، 34‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺴﻴﺘﺎ ﺍﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻏﻭﻜﺎﺱ "ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺩﻯ ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺨﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﺩﺒﺎﻏﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴـﺔ ﻝﻨﻅـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ "‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ ‪،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪. 1997 - 37‬‬
‫‪ . 5‬ﺍﻻﺘﺤﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ "ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻝﻠﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻠـﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌـﺔ " ‪،‬ﺒﻐـﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫‪،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪. 1994 ،‬‬
‫‪6 World Health Organization ,Guide lines for drinking water Quality‬‬ ‫‪, recommendation‬‬
‫‪, vol.1, Geneva ,1984 .‬‬
‫‪7 Plant for Biological Treatment of Discharge Water ,ActivatedSludge Method , Kansa ,‬‬
‫‪Chemical Engineering Co.Ltd , Tokyo, Japan.‬‬
‫‪8 .American public health association ,standard methods for the examination of water and waste water, 14th‬‬

‫‪ed , washington , dc.‬‬

‫‪9 . “Methods of waste water examination prepared by Mitsubishi heavy industries pollution‬‬
‫‪department in the environmental investigation of Basrah Fertilizer” , EXP, July , 1978 .‬‬
‫‪ .10‬ﺸﺒﻴﺠل ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺭﺍﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻤﺎﻜﺠﺭﻭﻫﻴل ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ‪. 1978‬‬

‫‪١‬‬