 For example, fine grains result in a relatively low

value of n and coarse grains, in a high value of n;

vegetation - height, density, distribution & type of
vegetation and it is important in designing small
drainage channels; stage and discharge – n in
most streams decreases with increase in stage,
however in shallow water, exposed irregularities of
channel bottom and their effects become
pronounced, also, n value may be large at high
stages if the banks are rough and grassy
 (2) Table of typical n values for channels of various
types

 (3) Assign n from similar channels whose

roughness coefficients are known

 (4) Determine n by analytical method – based on

theoretical velocity distribution in the channel
cross-section and on the data of either velocity or
roughness measurements