 (i) The Continuity equation

 In a steady flow the volumetric rate of flow

(discharge in m3/s) past various sections must be
the same
 Therefore, in a varied flow, if Q = discharge, V =
mean velocity and A = area of cross-section with
suffixes representing the sections to which they
refer:
 Q = VA = V1A1 = V2A2 = …= constant
 (ii) The Bernoulli’s (Energy) Equation & its
application for uniform steady open channel
flow:

 Bernoulli’s energy equation for frictionless flow

may be written as: 2
p V
z + + = const .
g 2g
 Where: z is its elevation above any datum, p the
pressure at any point and V the mean velocity