Tubercul osis

Potentially infectious that

affects lungs
•

disease but
mainly
serious

may infect any bodily organ / tissue .

types :

ii.
Primary tuberculosis
Iii )
Reactivation tuberculosis ( 5- 10% cases
☐ Primary
TB )

ciiis Extra tuberculosis

pulmonary
( May involve
kidney
any organ
-

, lymph nodes etc )

( systemic miliary Tuberculosis )

 Staging
•
Transmitted by inhaling infectious aerosol droplets from individual

with active TB .

TB enters
lungs get phagocylized by Macrophages
•

Bacteria produces enzyme that inhibit

lysosome &
phagocytic
A. vacuole fusion .

Bacteria Survives
Proliferates creates
, 4
infection
¥

Primary Tuberculosis
development
Ghon Focus
←

)
A Ghon focus is a primary lesion usually subpleural, often in the mid to

lower zones, caused by Mycobacterium bacilli (tuberculosis) developed

in the lung of a nonimmune host (usually a child).

 Risk factors
•

Immunocompromised states
-
HIM -

Malnutrition
-

Diabetes
Aging
-

Hematogenic malignancy
disease
Chronic
lung
-

•
Close contact with individuals

with Active TB
infection
Complications
.

Bronchopneumonia
•
Pneumothorax

Extra tuberculosis
liver →
Hepatitis
pulmonary
•

lymph nodes Tuberculous

Meninge →
-

Meningitis
lumbar Vertebrae → Pott disease
lymphadenitis
 Symptoms
in
Primary Tuberculosis

Usually Asymptomatic ( go -95% Cases )

Mild
•

flu like illness

Rarely Pleural
effusion .

(2) Reactivation tuberculosis

Constitutional
•

symptoms ( fever ,
chills ,
night sweat ,
wt loss .

pleuritic chest pain )

Cough
,

prolonged )
( Dry
•

Hemoptysis ( suggesting advance TB )

Extra Tuberculosis
(3)
pulmonary
•

Depending on
affected Organ / tissue .
 Diagnosis
•
Two common tests :

cis skin Test -

Also known as Montreux tuberculin skin test .

ciii Blood Test - Also called Interferon -

gamma
release
assays (
7- GRAS)

Imaging
Chest
Ray
ii, ✗ -
or CT scan

•
Acid -

fast bacillus ( AFB ) tests for TB bacteria in

sputum .
 Treatment
Medications Isolation ( Active
Compulsory
: *

TB )
I
•

Prophylactics ( BCG Vaccine )

Until sputum
-

ve
for TB .

• latent TB -
Isoniazid for 9 months .

Active TB - Isoniazid ,

First line
Rifampin
pyraziname.de
Anti -
TB
drugs .

Ethambutol

• Antibiotic Resistance -
Amikacin
Second line

Kanamycin Drugs
Capreomycin
C
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