Performing Arts

Music, dance, opera, drama, magic, and circus arts constitute the performing arts.

Artists in the performing arts are called performers, and include actors, comedians, dancers, magicians,
and singers.

They use their body, face, and presence to express something.

Categories of Performing Arts

Balfe and Peters (2000) identified broad categories of art:

1. visual; design, building, decorative (also visual but part of functional things);

2. Literary; media; and performing (presented in front of an audience).

They then developed a taxonomy that illustrated existing activities and art forms.

Performing arts include these activities (Balfe and Peters, 2000):

1. Music (playing a musical instrument or singing; opera, concert, hymns, rap).

2. Dancing (ballet, ethnic, folk, ice dancing).

3. Acting (performing in plays, musicals, mime, or comedy).

4. Literary (reading poetry, storytelling, giving lectures).

5. Multimedia (music videos, street performances, circuses, docu-drama, cinema).

The CCP was established in 1969 to showcase the artistry and creativity in

Filipino arts and culture.

Andrea O. Veneracion

Foremost Filipino choral

conductor.

Founding choirmaster of the

Philippine Madrigal Singers.

Internationally recognized as one

of the finest conductors,

pedagogues, and musicians of

her time.

Awarded The Outstanding Filipino

for Culture and the Arts.

National Artist for Music

Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero

Teacher and theater artist has

produced the most sterling

luminaries in Philippine

performing arts today: Behn

Cervantes, Celia Diaz-Laurel, Joy

Virata, Joonie Gamboa.

Director of UP Dramatic Club for

16 years.

Artistic director of the UP Mobile

Theater.

Francis Magalona

Known as the “Master Rapper of

the Philippines”.
 Started as break-dancer and was

cast in many Filipino movies of

the decade.

Ryan Cayabyab

Renowned Filipino composer and

musician, affectionately known as

Mr. C.

Executive and artistic director of

the defunct San Miguel

Foundation for the Performing

Arts.

Leonor Orosa Goquingco

National Artist for Dance.

She could play the piano, draw, design sceneries for sets and costumes, sculp, act, direct, dance, and
choreograph.

Lea Salonga

Filipina singer and actress.

Best known for playing Kim in the original West End and Broadway productions of the musical Miss

Saigon, for which she won the Oliver, Tony, Drama Desk, Outer Critics and Theatre World awards.

First Asian to play the roles in musical Les Miserables.

Provided the singing voice of Disney princesses in Aladdin, Mulan, and Mulan II.

Charice Pempengco

Professionally known as Charice, is a Filipino recording artist who rose to popularity through the
YouTube.
 Dubbed by Oprah Winfrey as the most talented girl in the world.

Elements of Music

1. Rhythm – overall movement or swing and is considered the most essential

element in music. It includes:

a. Meter – measure of rhythmic unit.

b. Tempo – beat of the music, whether fast or slow.

2. Melody – orderly succession of musical sound, whereas Tone refers to the

vibration rate of sound per second.

3. Dynamics – relates to the force or percussive effects measured by the degree

of loudness and softness.

4. Harmony – is achieved by the simultaneous sounding of two or more tones.

5. Texture – may be “thick” or “thin” depending on the type of the instrument,

loudness, and composition, among other factors.

6. Color – is the result of the difference in timbre or quality of the tone in a variety

of voices and instruments.

7. Style – refers to the composer’s or singer’s personal rendition, depending largely

on temperament, training, and outlook in life.

The human voice is capable of reaching pitch levels within a vocal range classified into:

1. Soprano – high-register female voice

2. Mezzo-soprano – medium-register female voice

3. Alto or contralto – low-register female voice

4. Tenor – high-register male voice

5. Baritone – medium-register male voice

6. Bass – low-register male voice.

Basic String Instrument

The guitar, is a six-stringed plucked wooden instrument, is the most popular musical instrument. It has
graduated from the ethnic ukulele to the sophisticated electric guitar used in big concerts.

The violin has four strings. Violin, byname fiddle, bowed stringed musical instrument that evolved during
the Renaissance from earlier bowed instruments: the medieval fiddle; its 16th-century Italian offshoot,
the lira da braccio; and the rebec. The violin is probably the best known and most widely distributed
musical instrument in the world.

It is the smallest, highest-pitched member of the violin family which includes the viola and cello. The
cello, otherwise known as a violon cello, is a bowed instrument with four strings. It's a close cousin of
the violin, viola, and double bass. ... A cello can play from a low C, two octaves below middle C, known as
C2, up to a high A, two octaves above its highest string.

Brass Instruments

The trumpet has the highest register in the brass family. It has brass tubing bent twice into an oblong
shape. This instrument is played by blowing air through closed lips, producing a “buzzing” sound which
sends wave vibrations in the air column inside the trumpet.

The trombone produces sound when the player’s vibrating lips (embouchure) cause the air column
inside the instrument to vibrate. Characterized by a telescopic slide with which the player varies the
length of the tube to change pitches.

The horn or French horn consists of about 12-13 feet of tubing wrapped into a coil with a flared bell. The
horn is a brass instrument whose soft resonant timbre allows it to harmonize well with both brass and
woodwind instruments. One of the unique aspects of this instrument is that the player keeps a hand in
the bell while playing.

The tuba is the largest and lowest-pitched brass instrument. Sound is produced by vibrating or “buzzing”
the lips into a large cupped mouthpiece. It is one of the most recent additions to the modern symphony
orchestra.

The saxophone is a conical-bore transposing musical instrument. It is usually made of brass and played
with a single-reed mouthpiece similar to that of the clarinet.
Woodwind Instruments
A flute is an aero phone or reed less wind instrument that produces its sound from the flow of air across
an opening. According to the instrument classification of Horn bustle-Sachs, flutes are categorized as
edge-blown aero phones.

The piccolo is a half-sized flute. It has the same fingerings as its larger sibling, the standard transverse
flute, but its sound is an octave higher than what is written. Thus, Italian composers call this instrument
the “ottavino”.

An oboe is a treble woodwind instrument with a conical bore and a double reed. It is used both as a solo
and as an orchestral instrument.

The clarinet’s name is derived from adding the suffix “-et”, meaning “little”, to the Italian word “clarino”,
meaning a type of trumpet, since the first clarinets had a strident tone similar to that of a trumpet.

Percussion Instruments

The snare drum has strands of snares made of curled metal wire, metal cable, plastic cable, or gut cords
stretched across the drumhead, typically at the bottom.

A bass drum has different sizes and is used in several musical genres. The bass drum is usually seen or
heard in orchestral, ensemble, or concert band. It is the largest drum in an orchestra. It is tuned to a
specific pitch and is usually played in a set of three to five drums.

Tubular bells, or chimes, are musical instruments in the percussion family. Each bell is a metal tube, 30-
38mm in diameter, and is tuned by altering its length.

The xylophone consists of wooden bars of various lengths that are struck by plastic, wooden, or rubber
mallets. Each bar is tuned to a specific pitch of the musical scale.
Module 7

Dance is a rhythmical movement of the body, usually with music, to express an

idea or emotion, to narrate a story, or simply to enjoy and take pleasure in the

movement itself.

It started when it was harnessed to a rhythm, probably the stamping of the feet and clapping of the
hands.

Dancer -
The art of dancing is portrayed through the dancer’s movements.

• The physical, emotional, and natural characteristics of a dancer determine the quality and the nature
of the dance.

Choreographer -
A choreographer arranges dances either for a soloist or for a group. He/she is considered the most
significant figure in dance history.

KINDS OF DANCE

Natural or Untutored Dance - Dance can be enjoyed by both the trained and untrained dancer.
Ethnic Dance - It is a traditional dance performed by a certain race, or among minorities.

Ballroom Dance - It is a social or popular dance performed by couples.

Theatrical Dance - It is a classical dance like ballet and is performed by highly and physically trained
performers. It is the most eloquent form of dance.
Modern Dance - It is a form of group dancing like in discotheque and rock-and-roll.

Pandanggo sa Ilaw - Hispanic influence, Mindoro.

- It comes from the Spanish dance “fandango” and is characterized by lively steps and clapping while
following a varying 3⁄4 beat.

Itik – Itik -Surigao del Norte

- It is based on a story of a young woman named “Kanang” (short for Cayetana) who happened to be the
best dancer in Surigao del Norte.

Tinikling - Visayan Origin

- It involves a pair of dancers hopping between two bamboo poles held just above the ground and struck
together in time with the music. Originated from Leyte and is mimicry of tikling birds hopping over
shrubs, grass stems, or bamboo traps set by farmers.
Maglalatik - This dance originated from Biñan, Laguna and was inspired by the making of latik (residue
of coconut milk boiled over low fire to extract oil).

- Coconut shells are used as percussive instruments by the huskers after finishing their work.

Cariñosa - Hispanic Origin.

-One of the country’s courtship dances is performed in a flirtatious manner, with fans and handkerchiefs
for the dancer’s hide-and-seek movements.

Singkil - Originating from Lanao del Sur, Singkil is regarded as the dance of Muslim Royalty.
= Originating from Lanao del Sur, Singkil is regarded as the dance of Muslim Royalty.

Discipline Based Art Education (DBAE) is a holistic approach in studying an art for

the purpose of appreciating the same. It has four major components: art production,

art history, art criticism, and aesthetics or art appreciation through aesthetic scanning.

a. Art Production – is the discipline of artmaking, the creative processes through

which the artists produce images in various materials to create desired visual effects.

There are many facets of art production that may be explored, studied, and

experienced by students, including:

i. Becoming familiar with a wide range of art materials, tools, equipment, and techniques;

ii. Learning about traditions of craftsmanship, such as respect for materials,

and attitudes held by artists about their work:

iii. Developing the personal qualities required for successful artistry, such as persistence, patience, and
self-criticism;

iv. Learning to express ideas and feelings in visual form;

v. Understanding artist‟s motivations, learning about their lives and their contributions to society;

vi. Appreciating the various contributions to an artist’s work made by his or her artistic training and
experience. This includes the cultural histories from which artists draw inspiration and ideas:
1. What are the steps involved in fashioning a given material and applying techniques to produce an
artistic composition?
2. What might have been the sources of the artist‟s visual ideas and how have these been worked out in
the composition?

3. Is the work well-made, and is the final product consistent with high standards of craftsmanship?

4. Is the artistic idea a new one? A variation on an old or established idea, or an encore of somebody
else‟s work?

5. What changes might one make to strengthen the work?

b. Art Criticism – involves careful observation of works of art, comparing and

contrasting works to one another, and consideration of the social and other

contexts in which works are produced. Questions to be asked might include:

1. What is the subject matter in the work? What is it about?

2. What is the specific significance and meaning of the objects, non-objects,

or visual effects in the work? Does the work have an overall meaning to

which the various components contribute?

3. What do critics say the means and how is the work regarded overall in the

development of the artist and of other artists?

4. What judgments might be made about the artists or the subject matter

based upon the work being analyzed?

c. Art History – focuses upon the role of art and artists in the culture and the history of art making. “ Art
history can have many interesting facets,” (Alpers, p.35) including:

1. Study of the history of art-making and artistic development in terms of traditional stylistic eras and
movements;

2. Analysis of the works of various artists whose works have been recognized and valued by society and
preserved for future generations to experience;

3. Investigation of works of art to determine origin, history, impact upon art and artists, and
interpretation of meaning;

4. Assessment and understanding of works of art in the light of broad social,

political, and cultural themes that underscore art as an exciting and

important form of human activity and accomplishment.

Concepts and procedures that help the art historian place a work in its historical

contexts:

1. Attribution

2. Style

3. Connoisseurship

4. Iconography

5. Provenance

6. Function

7. Restoration

8. Authentication

d. Aesthetics – helps students learn to evaluate the basis upon which to make

informed judgments about art.

The study of aesthetics helps answer such questions as:

a. What is art?

b. What is meant when one says something is beautiful or ugly?

c. What is unique about the aesthetic experience?

d. How do we and other people support or justify our judgments about

the value and significance of art?

Aesthetic Scanning – designed to involve the learner in actually seeing what is

in a work of art by visually scanning and talking about the four kinds of

properties and qualities:

1. Sensory Properties

2. Formal Properties

3. Technical Properties

4. Expressive Properties
Events Management

Preparation of Events

If properly planned and well-executed, an event can be a thrilling experience of a

lifetime. As such, meticulous preparation which involves organization, planning,

and execution is needed.

A particular event is unique and to be successful, its objective should be met.

The event planner or organizer should regularly meet his/her staff to identify all

areas of concern.

Steps for a Successful Event

1. Ask inevitable questions.

2. Clarify and establish the aims and objectives of the event.

3. Undertake a research plan and evaluate the results.

4. Establish careful planning and implementation methodologies.

5. Obtain proper finance and other required forms of approval.

6. Strictly enforce the schedule of rehearsals (c/o timekeeper).

7. Achieve careful monitoring and establish appropriate control systems.

8. Implement the plan through an organized and efficient work force with a good

communication system.

9. Ensure collaborative work and full cooperation of the team, and identify the

strengths/talents of each member in a program presentation.

10.Prepare a detailed report.

Event planning is a general term that refers to a career path in the growing field of special events.

Event Planner

Person responsible for planning the event from start to finish; setting the date

and location; advertising the event; providing refreshments; arranging catering,

speakers, or entertainment. To be an effective planner, it requires vision and leader-manager skills.

Event Planning Process
Research
Design
Planning
Coordination
Evaluation

1. The first stage of event planning is the research stage and should answer the

following questions:

a. Why should a special event be held?

b. Who should hold it?

c. Where should it be held?

d. What should be the focus of the event?

e. What outcomes are expected?

2. The second stage of event planning is the design. This allows freedom in creativity and the
implementation of new ideas that support the objectives of the special event.

3. The third stage is the planning. The planning stage should determine the

budget; selection of event site; selection of accommodations; travel

arrangements; negotiate contracts; arrange catering; arrange entertainment,

speaker, music, and audiovisual needs; create marketing plan; and prepare

invitations and event packets.

4. The fourth stage of event planning is the coordination. This may be a stressful

time due to unforeseen problems occurring, or it may be a truly rewarding time

with a flawless execution. It involves decision-making skills and abilities as the

event progresses.

5. The fifth stage of event planning is the evaluation. This should take place

during each of the stages of the event planning process, and is a final step that

can measure the success of the event in meeting the goals and objectives.
Other Factors may also consider in event planning process:

1. Propose an idea or plan.

2. Conduct brainstorming.

3. Identify aims and objectives of the program.

4. Schedule availability and practice rehearsals.

5. Gather required papers, documents, and contracts.

6. Ensure logistic staffing and proper communication channels.

7. Prepare for a final presentation.

Main Functions of an Event Management Team:

1. Organizing

2. Planning

3. Motivating

4. Communicating by teamwork

5. Creating

6. Controlling

7. Problem-solving