Professional Documents
Culture Documents
RM 11
RM 11
CHARGING SYSTEM
CONTENTS
Battery .......................................................................................... 8
Removal ............................................................................................. 8
Inspection ........................................................................................... 8
Installation .......................................................................................... 8
Alternator ..................................................................................... 9
Removal ............................................................................................. 9
Installation ........................................................................................ 10
Charging System
Description and Operation Service Tips and Precautions
The charging system consists of an alternator, regu- The following points must be adhered to while han-
lator and interconnecting wiring. dling the charging system and its components.
The charging system maintains charge in the vehi- • Swapping the battery connections even for a
cle's battery and provides main source of electrical short period can result in a non reversible dam-
energy while the engine is running. If the charging age or functional failure of the alternator and this
system stop working, the battery's charge would is strictly impermissible.
soon be depleted, leaving a "dead battery” in the • At any case, the alternator should be handled
vehicle. If the battery is weak and the alternator is not carefully. It should not be dropped or exposed to
working, the engine may not have enough electrical any shocks out of normal conditions. Even with
current to start the engine. little stress caused by hitting, an invisible pre-
damage can occur, which leads to malfunction.
An alternator consists of two main electrical compo-
nents and they are rotor and stator. The rotor is con- • The operation of the alternator is only permissi-
nected directly to the alternator pulley. The drive belt ble with an assembled regulator and with con-
drives the pulley, which in turn spins the rotor. The nected 12V battery.
stator is mounted to body of the alternator and The following points should be followed while charg-
remains stationary. There is just enough space in the ing the battery
center of the stator for the rotor to fit and be able to
spin without making any contact.
There is a group of electrical field coils mounted on CAUTION
the rotor. The stator is a group of stationary coils that Do not reverse the connections to the alterna-
line the perimeter of inner side of the alternator case. tor and never disconnect the output terminal
When current is flowing in the rotor's coils, they when the alternator is operating.
induce current flow in the stationary coils. The
induced current is an AC current. To convert this to
DC which is required for vehicle‘s electrical opera-
tions, the current passes through a bridge rectifier. CAUTION
As long as the engine is running, all of the power for
Do not short across or ground any of the ter-
the accessories is delivered by the alternator. The
minals in the charging circuit, except as
only time that the battery would supply power with
directed by the instructions.
the engine running is when the current capacity of
the alternator is exceeded or when engine is at a
very low idle.
There is a system to warn the driver if any problem CAUTION
exists in the charging system through the warning
Use only approved terminal probe adapters to
indicator in the instrument cluster.
connect the meter leads and the jumper wires
with the connector terminals. Using improper
adapters may damage the terminals and the
charging system.
CAUTION
Batteries produce explosive gases which
may cause personal injury, do not allow
flames, sparks or lighted substances near the
battery.
CAUTION CAUTION
While charging or working near the battery • Add only distilled water to the battery. Do
always shield your face and protect your not add electrolyte
eyes. Failure to follow these instructions may
• Do not fill distilled water beyond the upper
result in personal injury.
mark level. Excessive electrolyte could squirt
out of the battery during heavy charging,
causing corrosion or damage.When washing,
ensure that the washing solution does not get
DANGER into the battery.
In case of acid contact with the skin or eyes,
flush immediately for minimum of 15 minutes
and seek prompt medical attention. If the sul-
furic acid is swallowed accidentally, immedi- WARNING
ately make a call for the physician. Failure to
• Do not expose the battery to flames or
follow these instructions will result in personal
electrical sparks. Hydrogen gas generated by
injury.
battery action is explosive. Do not allow
battery fluid to contact your skin, eyes,
Maintenance fabrics, or painted surfaces. After touching a
• Ensure correct electrolyte level in the battery. battery or battery cap, do not touch or rub your
• Check the general conditions of the battery. eyes. Thoroughly wash your hands. If the acid
contacts your eyes, skin or clothing,
• Cables should be examined for cuts, particularly immediately flush with water for at least 15
where the strands enter the terminal lugs. minutes and seek medical attention. Battery
• Ensure that battery ventilation slots are clear. terminals and related accessories contain
• Keep the alternator clean. lead.
• Check and ensure the mounting bolts are torque • Never disconnect the battery when the
tightened. engine is running.
• Ensure that belt of alternator is in good condi-
tion.
CAUTION
CAUTION Do not rely on the alternator to recharge a
completely discharged battery.
• Be sure the engine and all accessories are
turned OFF before performing maintenance
• When washing, ensure that the washing
solution does not get into the battery CAUTION
• Do not remove the battery connection The battery with frozen electrolyte can
while engine is running. This may cause explode if it is used or charged. To prevent
d a m a g e t o E C U a n d t o o t h e r e l e c t ro n i c the battery from freezing, maintain full charge
equipments. in the battery.
• Always disconnect the negative terminal
c a b l e f i r s t f r o m t h e b a t t e r y. B u t w h e n
reconnecting, always connect positive cable
first.
Do’s
1. Ensure that all charging system electrical connections are clean and secure.
2. Ensure that no electrical connection in the circuit including the battery is open. Observe correct polarity
while connecting the battery to alternator i.e. connect negative to negative and positive to positive. Other-
wise the alternator will be damaged.
3. Disconnect all alternator terminals, while carrying out any form of welding on the vehicle.
Dont’s
1. Do not flash the alternator output leads to check the working of the alternator.
2. Do not run the alternator with the disconnected battery, it might damage the electronic components.
3. Do not disconnect any lead of the alternator/regulator with the engine in running condition.
8. Don't let a battery get hot to the touch and boil violently when charging.
10.Don't add tap water as it may contain minerals that will contaminate the electrolyte.
Incar Repairs
Battery Testing A
Battery testing includes two basic procedures. + -
1. Visual inspection
2. State of charge
a. Specific gravity
O
K
GE
/CALL AMA a.Specific Gravity
RECH Y
AR
R
RO
BATTE
NEEDS
remove the tube from the battery.
CHARGING
ADD
DISTILLED
5. Read the specific gravity indicated on the float.
WATER
Be sure the float is drifting free, and does not
contact with sides of the barrel. Read the
hydrometer at eye level. Disregard the slight cur-
Battery contains following three different charge indi- vature of liquid on the float.
cators:
6. Note the reading for all the cells. The difference
in specific gravity readings should not be more
OK (Battery condition is good)
than 0.05.
NEEDS Specific gravity readings
CHARGING • By measuring the specific gravity of the
electrolyte, you can identify whether the
ADD DISTILLED WATER battery is fully charged, requires charging,
or must be replaced. The battery must be
Notice atleast 75% charged to perform load test or
each cell must have a specific gravity of
Battery charge indicator gives the indication 1.230 or higher to proceed with the load
of the closest cell where it is located. The bat- test.
tery may be defective in case there is any
internal shorting of other cells which needs SUCTION
the attention of the Authorised battery dealer. BULB
FLOAT
HYDROMETER
OUTER TUBE
PICKUP ELECTROLYTE
TUBE
If the battery voltage is higher than or equal to • Perpetual undercharging results in sulfation of
12.4V, proceed to heavy load test. If the battery plates and running down of cells. Sulfate depos-
voltage is less than 12.4V, the battery must be its are seen on the cell separators, which leak
fully recharged. Before testing be sure to com- through and create short circuits between posi-
pletely remove the surface charge. tive and negative plates. Undercharging also
leads to buckling of plates.
Idle battery
• When the battery is not used for a long time or if
left idle, self-discharge takes place and sulfation
12.4 is observed on battery terminals. Sulfation of the
Volt Meter
X10RPM OFF
battery reduces the life span of the battery.
VDC/AC
CAP
High Specific Gravity
Hz
20A
mA
• High specific gravity destroys positive and nega-
tive plates and also reduces life of the battery.
V Hz %
400 COM
Impure water top-up
mA
How to handle the battery attach one clamp to the negative terminal (A) of
the booster battery. Then attach the other end of
Methods of preventing over-discharge that cable to a solid metal part of the engine (eg.
engine lift bracket). Do not connect the cable to
any moving part.
CAUTION
After connecting the battery cables, ensure A B B
that they are securely clamped to battery ter-
minals.
WARNING
• Improper jump starting procedure can result
1. Use only a 12V supply to start your vehicle. in battery explosion and acid burn hazard
2. If the booster battery is in another vehicle, posi-
tion the two vehicles to bring their batteries near • Connecting a jumper cable near moving
each other. Do not allow the two vehicles to parts (cooling fans, belts) is dangerous. The
touch each other. cable could get caught when the engine starts
and cause serious injury
3. Apply the parking brake.Turn OFF all electrical
systems which are not primarily required.
4. Attach the clamps of the jumper cable as shown
on the illustration. First, attach one clamp of the
jumper cable to the positive terminal (B) of the
CAUTION
discharged battery. Then attach the other end of Loosely connected battery cables could dam-
the same cable to the positive terminal (B) of the age the electronic control units.
booster battery. Next, using the other cable,
Removal
1. Loosen a 10mm lock nut (A) of the battery
negative cable and disconnect the negative
cable. B
Inspection
For additional information on Battery Inspection
Checking Battery Condition section.
A
Installation
1. To install, reverse the removal procedure.
Notice
Clean the battery positive and negative cables
before fixing to the battery.
Notice
Visualy inspect the battery for any damage
before installing.
Alternator Notice
Remove the oil dipstick from the oil dipstick
pipe and place it aside.
CAUTION
Do not rely on the alternator to recharge a
completely discharged battery.
A
1. Remove the negative terminal of the battery. For
additional information refer to Battery
removal and installation section.
2. Remove the intercooler. For additional infor-
mation refer to Intercooler removal and
installation section.
3. Remove the accessory drive belt. For addi-
tional information refer to Accessory Drive
Belt removal and installation section.
4. Remove the radiator thermostat hoses.For addi-
tional information refer to Thermostat
removal and installation section.
Notice
Use the tray before removing the thermostat
hoses to avoid spilling of coolant in working
area.
7. Remove 12mm mounting nuts (A) and bolts from Battery Tray
the alternator bracket, and Separately detach
the alternator assembly.
Removal
Installation 1. Remove the battery. For additional
1. To install, reverse the removal procedure. information refer to Battery removal and
installation section.
Notice 2. Loosen four 10mm mounting bolts (A) on the
battery tray, and separately detach the battery
Check the electrical connections are fixed tray.
properly before starting the engine.
Installation
1. To install, reverse the removal procedure.
Troubleshooting Chart
Technical Specification
Description Specification
Torque Specification
Torque in
Part Bolt Specification Place of Application Quantity
Nm
Mounting flanged
Earth on transaxle 1 24±1
bolt M8 x 1.25 x 10
NUT HEX FL
Battery negative nut on cable 1 6.5±0.5
M6X1X6X8 GR
FLANGED BOLT
Battery tray 4 7±0.5
M6 X 1X 20
Battery Hold
NUT HEX FL
Hold on mounting 2 8±0.5
M8X1.25X8X8 GR