History reviewer
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
Chapter I: Understanding History, Sources and
Historiography
Repositories
- Refers to buildings, receptacles, places
or storage rooms for historical
documents.
Examples :
- Official Online references of Philippine
laws, orders, decree and other
issuances.
- Museo – Biblioteca de Filipinas, houses
manuscripts of Rizal’s novels and
Aguinaldo’s letters.
- National Museum, home to artifacts,
fossils, artworks and other archeological
and ethnological componets.
Historians
- Refers to people who understand,
analyze, study and write the past and
regarded as an authority, employ
continues research through methodical
narratives and scientific studies.
Archives
- It refers to collection of historical
documents about a certain place,
institution or group of people.
Histography
- A critical system of writing the historical
through an intricate analysis and
evaluation of primary sources.
Historicism
- A triumph of history as a humanistic
study where it focuses on the
uniqueness of individuals and unique
expression and continuous
transformation.
History
- From “historia” which means learning
of human past
- Reconstruction of the past
- Not used for nothing, for all intellectual
life is action
Mantra :
NO DOCUMENT, NO HISTORY
Traditional Method
- Historical Writing that focuses on
gathering documents from archives
and libraries to construct a descriptive
– analytical narrative.
Modern historical writing
- Does not only use documents, but also
in the interdisciplinary methods from
areas of studies such as sociology,
geography, and technology, the
sources of history.
Louis Goftschalk
- His work understanding history
discusses the importance of sources for
the historians work
- Historians use many materials that are
not books
Such as : Archaeological, epigraphical or
numerical materials
Primary Source
- Written or recalled by an eye witness or
direct participant in the event being
studied,
Such as : Diaries, Speeches Textbooks
Secondary Source
- Made by individuals who are not direct
participants to the event
Such as : Biographies, News, Oral History
TERMINILOGIES
Historical Revisionism
- It seeks for the truth and light of the
historical records and aims to have new
facts and interpretations of events of
the past.
Historical Distortion
- It changes and falsifies the historical
records for a personal pursuit.
The Validity of a Historical Source?
Historical Criticism
- It evaluates the ancient text to assess its
credibility and authenticity of its
content through internal and external
criticism.
External Criticism
- Deals with the problem of authenticity,
spot hoaxes, fakes and forgeries and
fabrications.
A. Determine the anachronistic – date of the
material exists.
B. Determine the author in the uniqueness of
his hand writing or signature.
C. Determine the provenance and custody of
the origin.
D. Determine the semantics, text or words.
E. Determine the hermeneutics and
ambiguities.
Internal Criticism
- Deals with the problem of credibility of
historical source.
A. Determines the character of the author,
ability and willingness to tell the truth.
B. Determines the corroboration or historical
facts rest upon the testimony of two or more
reliable sources.
HISTORY VS HISTORIOGRAPHY
History
- The Chronological sequence of
significant events from the past.
Historiography
- The process of writing history. Selection
of particular authentic materials
(Primary sources) and the synthesis of
these sources into a narrative
(Book/Journal) that will stand the test
of time.
Philippine Historiography
- Spanish Period , written by Spanish
Friars and suffered from Eurocentric
disease, we were called evil and
uncivilized.
- Nationalism Period, The rose of
Illustrados who took courage to
question the status quo of the
Spaniards
- Beginning of the 20th Century,
Imposition of English as medium of
education in American era and Tagalog
during the Japanese invasion.
- 20th Century, A new historicism arises
for a Filipino-centric and analysis of
political development.
Filipino Historians & Perspectives
Teodoro Agoncillo
- Advocated the nationalist point of view
and opposed the foreigner’s
perspectives.
Renato Constantino
- He initiated people’s history- to search
out the people’s voice from the
historical colonial materials
Zeus Salazar
- He concepted the Pantayong Pananaw
that promulgated, from you to us
perspectives in historiography.
Reynaldo Ileto
- He used the interdisciplinary approach
in history that made to introduce
Pasyon and Revolution
Samuel Tan
- He emphasized the significance of the
Muslim – Filipino struggles in Philippine
History.
Module 2 (Notes based) Pre – Colonial
Philippines
Juan de Plascenscia
- Wrote Customs of the Tagalogs
- Franciscan Missionary
- Studied the life and customs of the
Tagalogs first hand (Primary Source)
- Authored the Doctrina Christina
Barangay
- Composed of 30 to 100 Families led by a
datu or chieftain
Datu
- Govern, manage, implement & defend
his people from intruders
Due Process was not a thing at the time as
Elders and the Dato were the sole deciders of
verdicts in court/trial.
Charles Ralph Boxer
- Boxer codex & Filipino Attires
- Published in 1950
Marriage Customs
- Courtship begins with Paninilbihan
- Man needs to give dowry : Bigay-kaya,
Panghihimuyat, Bigay-suso
Mingling with social classes were not common
3 Castes/Social Classes
- Nobles (Maharlica/Maharlika)
- Commoners/Freeman
- Slaves
Rules of the Castes
Maharlica + Maharlica = Maharlica
Maharlica + Slaves = Free men
Maharlica + Another slave = Free/Slave
Freewoman + Slave = Free (Children)