Peña, Binungcal, Jimenez 1

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Division of Cavite
Bucal National Integrated School
Bucal 2 Maragondon, Cavite

Combustion Ash (Chicken Manure Ash) as Natural Molluscicides

for Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata)

Rationale

In various regions, the Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata) has

emerged as a pressing concern, significantly impacting rice production and ecosystem

health (Baloch, 2017). This invasive species exhibits remarkable adaptability to

diverse environmental conditions, establishing itself as a persistent agricultural pest

(Horgan, 2018). Baloch (2017) underscores the invasive nature of Pomacea

canaliculata, emphasizing the urgency to address this issue and highlighting the

significance of our research in combating this invasive threat.

Understanding the combustion process of biomass and its impact on ash

composition is essential for our investigation into the potential of chicken manure ash

as a molluscicide. Adamczyk, Cempa, and Białecka (2021) demonstrated that the

combustion process significantly alters the phase composition of ash, a critical factor

in comprehending the molluscicidal properties of chicken manure ash. Additionally,

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Więckol-Ryk's (2020) findings suggest that the combustion temperature plays a vital

role in affecting the bioavailability of phosphorus, a key element in ash. This aligns

with our objective of investigating the effectiveness of chicken manure ash as a

natural molluscicide.

Traditional methods of controlling Golden Apple Snails, such as chemical

molluscicides, are beset with environmental concerns and high costs (Prabhakaran et

al., 2017). Moreover, the emergence of resistant snail populations has compromised

the effectiveness of chemical control (Prabhakaran et al., 2017). Therefore, there is an

immediate need for sustainable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly alternatives in snail

management practices. This need aligns with Atera, Onyancha, and Majiwa's (2018)

emphasis on sustainable pest management practices.

To address the challenges posed by invasive Pomacea species, early warning

systems have been proposed to effectively manage their impact (Barbitta, Clavijo, &

Carranza, 2020). Furthermore, Horgan's (2017) research underscores the necessity for

innovative methods to reduce snail populations and promote sustainable rice

production. These issues highlight the importance of finding effective snail control

methods, which align with our proposed solution.

Our study advocates the utilization of Combustion Ash, specifically Chicken

Manure Ash, as a natural molluscicide for controlling Golden Apple Snails. Previous

research emphasizes the significance of comprehending biomass combustion

behavior, which directly informs our study's investigation into chicken manure ash

(Katsaros & Sommer, 2021). Moreover, there is a growing interest in exploring

natural alternatives to chemical molluscicides (Noorshilawati, Nur Suraya, & Siti

Rossiyah, 2020). Mokhtar et al. (2019) also promote the exploration of plant-based

compounds for pest control, aligning with our research's objective.

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In conclusion, the economic impact of apple snail infestations on rice

production underscores the urgency of finding effective control measures, such as the

use of natural molluscicides like chicken manure ash (Yahaya et al., 2017).

Furthermore, understanding the ecological consequences of invasive snail species, as

highlighted by Martin et al. (2019), provides critical context for considering natural

molluscicides in pest management. This research aims to contribute to the

development of sustainable solutions to the challenges posed by Golden Apple Snails,

aligning with broader goals of pest management and agricultural sustainability.

A. Questions and Problem Being Addressed

Golden apple snails (GAS) pose a significant threat to rice farmers, causing

damage to rice plants and reproducing rapidly, resulting in substantial agricultural

 Peña, Binungcal, Jimenez 4

losses. This study aims to reduce GAS populations in rice fields by addressing the

following questions:

a. Is there a significant difference in the mortality rate of Golden Apple Snails

(Pomacea canaliculata) when different concentrations of chicken manure ash are

applied?

b. Is there a relationship between the exposure duration to chicken manure ash and the

mortality rate of Golden Apple Snails (Pomacea canaliculata)?

c. Do different application methods of chicken manure ash (direct application and

dilution method) result in varying effectiveness as molluscicides against Golden

Apple Snails (Pomacea canaliculata)?

B. Goals/Expected Outcomes/Hypotheses

Our hypotheses are as follows:

a. There is no significant difference in the mortality rate of Golden Apple Snails when

exposed to different concentrations of chicken manure ash.

b. There is no significant relationship between the duration of exposure to chicken

manure ash and the mortality rate of Golden Apple Snails.

c. There is no significant difference in the effectiveness of different application

methods of chicken manure ash as molluscicides against Golden Apple Snails.

C. Description in Detail of Research Method

Procedure
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For the investigation, different variables and materials are to be used. The

testing of chemical composition or nutrients in the chicken manure ash will be done at

the Inorganic Chemistry Section of the Standard Testing Division of DOST in Bicutan

Taguig. The actual experimentation will be done at Bucal - 4B Maragondon, Cavite.

a. Materials to be Used

Materials: Four large plastic seedling bags, combustion oven, spatulas, fabric

gloves, measuring spoon, storage container. Substances: Irrigated soil, golden apple

snails, chicken manure, soil from the rice paddy, rice seeds.

b. Gathering Irrigated Soil from Bucal 4

Collect irrigated soil from Bucal 4 Maragondon, Cavite and place it in labeled

plastic seedling bags (Set A, Set B, Set C, Set D).

c. Preparation of the Rice Plants/Paddy

Plant rice seeds in the plastic seedling bags following specific measurements.

d. Preparation of Chicken Manure Ash

1. Gathering of Raw Chicken Manure

Collect raw chicken manure from poultry.

2. Sundry the Chicken Manure

Sun-dry the raw chicken manure for at least one week until completely dried.

3. Cleanse the Chicken Manure

After drying, sift in the chicken manure to eliminate the filthy waste.

4. Combustion of Chicken Manure

The dried chicken manure will be combusted in the oven or incubator.

Place the chicken manure on the tray using the glove that has a high-

temperature in the heat for protection and set the maximum temperature.
 Peña, Binungcal, Jimenez 6

1000C for ten times until the chicken manure becomes ash.

e. Treatment of Golden Apple Snail (GAS) using Chicken Manure Ash

Collect Golden Apple Snail (GAS) from the rice paddy and place them in a

Styrofoam box with rice plants for experimentation.

f. Testing for the Chemical Composition of the Combusted Chicken Manure

Send the combustion ash (chicken manure ash) to the Inorganic Chemistry

Section of the Standard Testing Division of DOST in Bicutan, Taguig, for analysis.

Parameters to be tested include only the chemical composition of phosphorus.

g. Statistical Analysis

Perform statistical analysis on the data collected from observing the behavior of

golden apple snails when exposed to different amounts of combusted chicken manure

ash in the Styrofoam box with rice plants and golden apple snails. Data will be

compiled into a single table for analysis.

D. Experimental Design

Table 1. Experimental Design Table of the Study

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Independent Variable Amount of Chicken Manure Ash

Levels of Amount of Chicken Manure Ash (g)

Independent Variable

Number of months to observe 1 month

Dependent Variable Different concentrations of chicken

manure ash (25g, 50g, 75g, and 100g).

The exposure duration of chicken

manure ash, and different application

methods of chicken manure ash (direct

application and dilution).

Independent Variables Mortality rate of chicken manure ash

(Combustion Ash)

E. Flow Chart
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Collecting of the Golden Apple

Snail (GAS)

Treatment using Chicken

Manure Ash

Observation of the Golden

Apple Snail in every treatment

Testing for the Chemical

Composition of the Combusted
Chicken Manure

Statistical Analysis

F. Risk and Safety

Hazardous Devices
 Peña, Binungcal, Jimenez 9

The researcher must conduct a risk assessment together with the Specified

Supervisor or Professional Guide. The use of hazardous activities or devices are

requiring a direct supervision by a Designated Supervisor. The student researchers

should have experience in working with the device particularly when using a

potentially dangerous devices such as a high temperature oven. It is suggested to have

authentication of a risk assessment from a qualified expert.

G. Data Analysis

Data Collection

Record the number of golden apple snails that would not be able to survive during

the experiment.

Data Presentation

Organize the collected data into a clear and concise table for easy reference.

Data Summary

After data collection and tabulation, perform a comprehensive data analysis.

Specify the statistical or analytical methods employed. Interpret the results and

provide a meaningful summary of the findings, highlighting any significant trends,

patterns, or deviations observed during the experimentation.

H. Proposed Tables
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Table 2. Mortality Percentage and Duration (in Hours) of Golden Apple Snails

exposed to 25g chicken manure ash treatment.

Rice Paddy in a big plastic seedling bag Amount of Chicken Manure Ash

with golden apple snails (Set up A) (25 g)

Mortality Percentage (%)

Duration (Hours)

Table 3. Mortality Percentage and Duration (in Hours) of Golden Apple Snails

Exposed to 50g of Chicken Manure Ash Treatment"

Rice Paddy in a big plastic seedling bag Amount of Chicken Manure Ash

with golden apple snails (Set up B) (50 g)

Mortality Percentage (%)

Duration (Hours)

Table 4. Mortality Percentage and Duration (in Hours) of Golden Apple Snails

Exposed to 75g of Chicken Manure Ash Treatment"

 Peña, Binungcal, Jimenez 11

Rice Paddy in a big plastic seedling bag Amount of Chicken Manure Ash

with golden apple snails (Set up C) (75 g)

Mortality Percentage (%)

Duration (Hours)

Table 5. Mortality Percentage and Duration (in Hours) of Golden Apple Snails

Exposed to 100g of Chicken Manure Ash Treatment"

Rice Paddy in a big plastic seedling bag Amount of Chicken Manure Ash

with golden apple snails (Set up D) (100 g)

Mortality Percentage (%)

Duration (Hours)

Table 6. Summary of golden apple snails died using all the treatment of chicken

manure ash
 Peña, Binungcal, Jimenez 12

Sets of Golden Apple Snails Amount of Chicken Manure Ash

25g 50g 75g 100g

Percentage (%)
SET A
Hours

Percentage (%)
SET B
Hours

Percentage (%)
SET C
Hours

Percentage (%)
SET D
Hours

Bibliography

Adamczyk, Zdzisław, Magdalena Cempa, and Barbara Białecka, 2021. "Phosphorus-

Rich Ash from Poultry Manure Combustion in a Fluidized Bed
 Peña, Binungcal, Jimenez 13

Reactor" Minerals 11, no. 7: 785. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11070785.

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Baloch, W.A. Country report (Pakistan) on non-native apple snails. 2017.In: Joshi,
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“Invasive Pomacea snails: actual and potential environmental impacts and

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Noorshilawati, A.A., Nur Suraya, A., and Siti Rossiyah, S, 2020. “Molluscicidal
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Więckol-Ryk, Angelika. “Optimization of Chicken Manure Combustion Parameters

in the Aspect of Phosphorus Recovery.” International Journal of Recycling
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September 2020.DOI.10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1899148.1070.

Yahaya H, Nordin M, Hisham MNM, Sivapragasam A, Joshi RC, Cowie RH and

Sebastian LS, 2017. “Invasive apple snails in Malaysia.” pp 169-195. In Joshi
RC and Cowie RH (Eds.) Biology and management of invasive apple snails.
2nd Edition. Maligaya: Philippine Rice Research Institute.

Zdzisław Adamczyk, Magdalena Cempa, and Barbara Białecka. “Phosphorous-Rich

Ash from Poultry Manure Combustion in a Fluidized Bed Reactor.” Minerals
2021, 11(7), 785: Published: 20 July 2021.
https://doi.org/10.3390/min11070785.

Gantt Chart

Title: Combustion Ash (Chicken Manure Ash) as Natural Molluscicides for Golden
 Peña, Binungcal, Jimenez 15

Apple Snail (Pomacea Canaliculata)

2022 2023

ACTIVITY

JULY
JUNE
SEPT

MAY
MAR
NOV
OCT

DEC

APR
FEB
JAN
A

A. Formulating Research Title

 Peña, Binungcal, Jimenez 16

B. Collecting Review of Related Literature

C. Reporting of Research Proposal Plan

D. Revise of Research Proposal Plan

E. Writing of Manuscript Chapter I

F. Revising Chapter I

G. Writing in Likha Format

H. Writing of Manuscript Chapter II

I. Writing a Research Plan

J. Actual Experimentation

K. Observation

L. Gathering of Results

M. Writing Results and Discussion

N. Writing Conclusion

O. Revising Final Research Paper