FAARAVAP A == FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY SECTION A ‘Answer ALL questions in this Section. Write your answers in the spaces provided, 1. (@_The pH of human blood is maintained within a narrow range from 7.35 to 7.45 by a natural buffer system consisting of carbonic acd, HCO,(aq), and hydrogencarbonate ions, HCO, (a). o Gi) 2002-AL-CHEM 1-23 {A buffer solution containing HsCOs(aq) and HOS" (ag) in equal concentrations has @ pH of 6.10, Calculate the dissociation constant, Ka, for HsCOs(aq) [HCO,") H= pK, + loge —o3 PH =PK, +087 Co In the solution, [HCOs"] = [H;COs] s Ky2 7.94 x 107 mol dm? 1 Caleulate the ratio of concentrations of HCO; (aq) and H;CO,(2q) in blood at pH 7.40, {HCO,7] 7.4 = ~log(7.94%10" ) +k : +108 COs] (Accept answers from 19.8 to 20.0) (1 mark for method; | mark for answer) (Would the blood pH of a person increase or decrease in the course of physical exertion ? Explain your answer. During physical exertion, the concentration of CO; in blood increases. ‘The equilibrium HCO; +H,0 = HCO; +#,0° % shifts to the right. :. pH of blood will drop. 4% ARASH FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY OZ ea Do no write in this margin2-2 Do not writ in thismargn RARAME FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY 1 @ Gi) @)__ Briefly explain why the HsCOs(aq) / HCOs"(aq) buffer system can maintain the blood pH. Blood contains a high concentration of HCO; which reacts with H,0" produced, 1 pH of blood is maintained within the narrow pH range. (rans | (©) Youare provided with the following standard reduction potentials: | EVV FeM(ag)+2e = Fels) 0.44 Sn (aq) +2e = Sus) 4 Og) +200) +4e° = 4OHT(ag) +040 (Show, from the above information, thatthe corrosion of iron is spontaneous. 2Fe(s) + Ox(g) + 2H,0() = 2Fe™(aq) + 40H (aq) Ee = +0.40-(0.44) 1 0.84V | ‘As E® > 0, the reaction is spontaneous. 1] (3) “Tin cans* made fom tn-coated iron sheets are widely used inthe food industry. Will rusting occur ifthe tin coating is scratched ? Explain your answer. AAs indicated by the E® values, F(s) isa stronger reducing agent than Sn(s). 1 ‘The Sn(s) and Fe(s), in a tn-can with a scratched coating, form a closed circuit cell Reaction at Fe: | Fe(s) —> Fe™(aq) + 2e° Reaction at Sn: 1 O(a) +2H,0() + 4e°" > 40H (aq) | (4 marks) 2002-AL-CHEM 1-24 FARRAPBR FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLYFURSVAERT FOR TEACHERS'usEonLy ‘© 2002-AL-CHEM 1-25 ARABEH FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY Desa iein 2. (a) A closed system consisting of a mixture of N,O,(g) and NO,(g) is allowed to attain equilibrium | this margin {380 K and 700 KPa. The mixture has alight orown colour. N,O(g) = 2NOXg) pale yellow brown (®) The mixture is known to contain 46 mol % of NOx). Calculate Kp for the dissociation of N,O,(g) at 350 K and 700 kPa. % | 4) % (id) Desrie the colour change ofthe mixture when its emperatureis increased under the sume presaure, Explin your answet. Colour of mixture becomes light instantaneously because thre isan expansion 1 invotae. As the reaction is endothermic, the colour of mixture finally becomes darker because equilibrium shifts to the right. 1 | (4 marks)