4 Angles related to Rectilinear Figures

Solutions (Enhanced)
8. In △ABC,
4 Angles related to Rectilinear Figures ACD  50  70 (ext.  of △)
 120
Enhanced Worksheet 4.1 In △CDE,
1. 52  102  x  180 ( sum of △) ( x  30)  65  ACD (ext.  of △)
x  26 x  95  120
x  25
2. 90  3a  2a  180 ( sum of △)
5a  90 9. In △ABD,
ABE  45  y (ext.  of △)
a  18
ABE  BCF (corr. s, BE // CF)
45  y  115
3. 40  ACB  60  180 (adj. s on st. line)
y  70
ACB  80
In △ABC,
y  ACB  70  180 ( sum of △) 10. In △DEF,
41  x  108  180 ( sum of △)
y  80  70  180
x  31
y  30
In △ABC,
4. In △ABC, 57  45  ACB  180 ( sum of △)
BAC  ABC  x  180 ( sum of △) ACB  78
47  (34  70)  x  180 In △GEC,
y  x  GCE (ext.  of △)
151  x  180
 31  78
x  29
 109
In △BCD,
CBD  x  y  180 ( sum of △)
11. ABC  70 (alt. s, AB // CD)
70  29  y  180 In △ABE,
y  81 BAE  ABE  96 (ext.  of △)
BAE  70  96
5. PQR  RTU  180 (int. s, PQ // ST) BAE  26
108  x  180 In △ABC,
x  72 BAC  ABC  58  180 ( sum of △)
In △RUT, (26  CAE )  70  58  180
2 y  y  x  180 ( sum of △) 154  CAE  180
3 y  72  180 CAE  26
3 y  108 ∴ BAD  CAD
y  36
12.

6. (b  90)  28  146 (ext.  of △)

b  118  146
b  28

7. CAB  328  360 (s at a pt.)

CAB  32
In △ABC, Produced BC to meet AD at E.
CAB  p  90 (ext.  of △) In △CDE,
32  p  90 38  CED  150 (ext.  of △)
p  58 CED  112
In △ABE,
BAE  36  CED (ext.  of △)
BAE  36  112
BAE  76

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 4 Angles related to Rectilinear Figures

x  BAE  360 (s at a pt.) 7. ∵ BC = BA

x  76  360 ∴ BCA  BAC (base s, isos. △)
x  284  30
DCE  BCA (vert. opp. s)

Enhanced Worksheet 4.2A  30

∵ CE = CD
1. ∵ XZ = XY ∴ CED  CDE (base s, isos. △)
∴ XZY  XYZ (base s, isos. △) x
 68 In △CDE,
In △XYZ, DCE  CDE  CED  180 ( sum of △)
a  XYZ  XZY  180 ( sum of △) 30  x  x  180
a  68  68  180 2 x  150
a  44 x  75

2. ∵ PQ = QR = PR 8. STQ  TQR (alt. s, ST // PR)

∴ PQR  60 (prop. of equil. △) x
42  PQR  b  180 (adj. s on st. line) ∵ SQ = ST
42  60  b  180 ∴ SQT  STQ (base s, isos. △)
b  78 x
PQS  SQT  TQR  180 (adj. s on st. line)
3. ACB  60 (vert. opp. s) 114  x  x  180
∵ AB = AC 2 x  66
∴ ABC  ACB (base s, isos. △) x  33
2 x  60
x  30 9. In △ABD,
∵ BD = AB
4. In △QRS, ∴ ADB  DAB (base s, isos. △)
∵ SR = QR  70
∴ RSQ  RQS (base s, isos. △) In △BCD,
80  RQS  RSQ  180 ( sum of △) ∵ CD = BD
80  2RQS  180 ∴ BCD  CBD (base s, isos. △)
x
2RQS  100
BCD  CBD  ADB (ext.  of △)
RQS  50
x  x  70
( y  50)  RQS  180 (adj. s on st. line)
x  35
( y  50)  50  180
y  100  180 10. (a) In △PQR,
y  80 ∵ PR  PQ
∴ PRQ  PQR (base s, isos. △)
5. ∵ BC = CD = BD 75  PQR  PRQ  180 ( sum of △)
∴ ∠BCD = 60° (prop. of equil. △) 75  2PQR  180
In △ACD, 2PQR  105
CDE  26  ACD (ext.  of △)
PQR  52.5
x  26  60
SQR  PQR  PQS
 86
 52.5  25
 27.5
6. ∵ DE = EF = DF
∴ ∠DEF = 60° (prop. of equil. △)
(b) In △SQR,
In △EFG,
∵ FG = EG ∵ SR  SQ
∴ ∠GFE = ∠GEF (base s, isos. △) ∴ SRQ  SQR (base s, isos. △)
30  GFE  GEF  180 ( sum of △)  27.5
QSR  SQR  SRQ  180 ( sum of △)
30  2GEF  180
QSR  27.5  27.5  180
2GEF  150
QSR  125
GEF  75
∴ DEG  DEF  GEF
x  60  75
 135

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 4 Angles related to Rectilinear Figures
11. In △ABE, 4. ABE  BCD (corr. s, BE // CD)
∵ △ABE is an isosceles triangle.  70
∴ ABE  BAE (base s, isos. △) In △ABE,
 43 40  ABE  AEB  180 ( sum of △)
BAE  ABE  AEB  180 ( sum of △) 40  70  AEB  180
43  43  AEB  180 AEB  70
AEB  94 ∵ ∠ABE = ∠AEB
∵ △BDE is an equilateral triangle. ∴ AB = AE (sides opp. equal s)
∴ BED  60 (prop. of equil. △) i.e. △ABE is an isosceles triangle.
AED  BCD  180 (int. s, AE // BC)
(94  60)  BCD  180 5. In △PQR,
BCD  26 ∵ PR = QR
∴ ∠RPQ = ∠RQP (base s, isos. △)
= 38°
12. (a) ∵ ABCD is a square.
PRS  38  38 (ext.  of △)
∴ AB = BC = CD = DA
 76
∵ △BCE is an equilateral triangle.
∵ ∠PRS = ∠RPS
∴ BC = CE = BE
∴ RS = PS (sides opp. equal s)
∴ AB = BE
i.e. △RSP is an isosceles triangle.
(b) ∵ ABCD is a square.
6. (a) In △ABC,
∴  ABC   BAD  90
∵ BC = AB
∵ △BCE is an equilateral triangle.
∴ ∠BCA = ∠BAC (base s, isos. △)
∴ CBE  60 (prop. of equil. △)
= 70°
ABE  ABC  CBE
∴ ACD  BCD  BCA
 90  60
 130  70
 30
 60
In △ABE,
∵ AB = BE
(b) In △ACD,
∴ BAE  BEA (base s, isos. △) ∵ AD = CD
ABE  BAE  BEA  180 ( sum of △) ∴ ∠CAD = ∠ACD (base s, isos. △)
30  2BAE  180 = 60°
2BAE  150 CAD  ACD  ADC  180 ( sum of △)
BAE  75 60  60  ADC  180
DAE  BAD  BAE ADC  60
 90  75 ∵ ∠CAD = ∠ACD = ∠ADC = 60°
 15 ∴ AC = CD = AD
i.e. AC = 7 cm

Enhanced Worksheet 4.2B

7. In △ACD,
1. 90  a  45  180 ( sum of △) ∵ CD = AC
a  45 ∴ CDA  CAD (base s, isos. △)
∵ ACB  ABC  35
∴ b6 (sides opp. equal s) BAD  CDA (alt. s, AB // CD)
 35
2. 60  x  60  180 ( sum of △) In △ABE,
x  60 BAE  ABE  105 (ext.  of △)
35  ABE  105
∵ QPR  PQR  PRQ
ABE  70
∴ PQ = QR = PR
BAC  BAE  CAD
∴ y3
 35  35
z 3
 70
In △ABC,
3. In △ABC, ∵ BAC  ABC
BAC  74  148 (ext.  of △) ∴ AC = BC (sides opp. equal s)
BAC  74 i.e. △ABC is an isosceles triangle.
∵ BAC  ABC
∴ AC = BC (sides opp. equal s)
i.e. △ABC is an isosceles triangle.

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 4 Angles related to Rectilinear Figures
8. (a) In △CDE, 6. Sum of all the interior angles
∵ DE = CD  ( 20  2)  180 ( sum of polygon)
∴  CED   ECD (base s, isos. △)  3240
ECD  CED  48  180 ( sum of △) Size of each interior angle
2ECD  48  180 3240

20
2ECD  132
 162
ECD  66
ABC  ECD (corr. s, AB // EC)
7. Let n be the number of sides of the regular polygon.
 66
( n  2)  180  144  n ( sum of polygon)
180  n  360  144  n
(b) BAC  ACE (alt. s, AB // EC)
180  n  144  n  360
 54
36  n  360
In △ABC,
BAC  ABC  ACB  180 ( sum of △) n  10
∴ The polygon has 10 sides.
54  66  ACB  180
ACB  60 8. ∵ Sum of all the interior angles of the n-sided polygon
∵  BAC   ABC   ACB is twice that of a nonagon.
∴ AB  BC  AC ∴ ( n  2)  180  2  [(9  2)  180] ( sum of polygon)
i.e. △ABC is not an isosceles triangle. 2520
n2 
180
Enhanced Worksheet 4.3A n  2  14
1. 126  85  46  x  (4  2)  180 ( sum of polygon) n  16
257  x  360
9. (a) Sum of all the interior angles
x  103
 (5  2)  180 ( sum of polygon)
 540
2. BAE  93 (vert. opp. s)
540
93  90  110  y  145  (5  2)  180 Size of each interior angle 
5
( sum of polygon)
 108
438  y  540
y  102
(b) In △CDE,
∵ DE = DC
3. 116  reflex ABC  360 (s at a pt.) ∴ ∠DEC = ∠DCE (base s, isos. △)
reflex ABC  244 CDE  DEC  DCE  180 ( sum of △)
x  244  59  94  136  145  (6  2)  180
108  2DCE  180
( sum of polygon)
2DCE  72
x  678  720
DCE  36
x  42
∵ DC = DF
∴ DCF  DFC (base s, isos. △)
4. 112  x  180 (int. s, AB // ED)
 36
x  68
∴  DCE  DCF
112  130  106  y  x  (5  2) 180
( sum of polygon) 10. (a) Sum of all the interior angles
112  130  106  y  68  540  (5  2)  180 ( sum of polygon)
416  y  540  540
y  124 540
Size of each interior angle 
5
5. ∵ △ABC is an equilateral triangle.  108
∴ ∠CAB = ∠CBA = 60° (prop. of equil. △)
[(a  8)  60]  (60  56)  83  76  (4  2) 180 (b) (i) ∵ ABCDE is a regular pentagon.
( sum of polygon) ∴ CD = BC
a  327  360 ∵ BC = CF
a  33 ∴ CD = CF
(ii) DCF  BCD  BCF
 108  90
 18

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 4 Angles related to Rectilinear Figures
In △CDF, 40  56  HBC  86  x  40  360
∵ CD = CF (sum of ext. s of polygon)
∴  CDF  CFD (base s, isos. △) 40  56  HBC  86  94  40  360
DCF  CDF  CFD  180 ( sum of △) 316  HBC  360
18  2CDF  180 HBC  44
2CDF  162 HBC  y  180 (adj. s on st. line)
CDF  81 44  y  180
y  136
11. ∵ ABCDEFGH is a regular octagon.
(8  2)  180 5. (a) Let m be the size of each exterior angle of the
∴ AHG  polygon.
8
∵ Each interior angle forms a straight angle with
1080
 its adjacent exterior angle.
8
∴ 120  m  180 (adj. s on st. line)
 135
∵ AHJKLM is a regular hexagon. m  60
Hence, the size of each exterior angle of the polygon
(6  2)  180
∴ AHJ  is 60°.
6
720 (b) Let n be the number of sides of the polygon.

6 n  60  360 (sum of ext. s of polygon)
 120 n6
AHG  GHJ  AHJ  360 (s at a pt.) ∴ The polygon has 6 sides.
135  GHJ  120  360
6. (a) ∵ Sum of all the interior angles of the polygon is
GHJ  105
1800.
∴ ( n  2)  180  1800 ( sum of polygon)
Enhanced Worksheet 4.3B 1800
n2 
1. 116  40  y  97  360 (sum of ext. s of polygon) 180
253  y  360 n  2  10
y  107 n  12

2. 55  69  61  104  FEL  360 (b) Size of each exterior angle
(sum of ext. s of polygon) 360

289  FEL  360 12
 30
FEL  71
FEL  y  180 (adj. s on st. line)
71  y  180 7. ∵ Size of each interior angle of the polygon
( n  2)  180
y  109 
n
360
3. ∵ △CDG is an equilateral triangle. Size of each exterior angle of the polygon 
n
∴ ∠DCG = 60° (prop. of equil. △)
360 1 ( n  2)  180
90  111  60  ADH  360 ∴  
(sum of ext. s of polygon) n 3 n
261  ADH  360 3  360
n2
ADH  99 180
(adj. s on st. line) n26
x  ADH  180
n8
x  99  180
x  81
8. In △ABC,
∵ AB = AC
4. EDC  DCJ (alt. s, DE // CB)
∴ ∠ABC = ∠ACB (base s, isos. △)
 86 BAC  ABC  ACB  180 ( sum of △)
EDC  x  180 (adj. s on st. line)
132  2ACB  180
86  x  180
2ACB  48
x  94
ACB  24
i.e. The size of each exterior angle of the polygon is 24°.
Let n be the number of sides of the polygon.
n  24  360 (sum of ext. s of polygon)
n  15
∴ The polygon has 15 sides.

Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 5 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2021