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    2000 AL Chemistry Paper I Marking Scheme

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    api-3738841

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    ARAME FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY SECTION A \nswer ALL questions in this Section, Write your answers in the spaces provided. (@) The diagrams below show the arrangements of atoms, ions or molecules in four crystalline substances: graphite, ice, iodine and sodium chloride () Write the name of the substance for each structure in the space provided. i) Label, on the diagrams, the types of interactions that are present in these substances. cnaey 78" ‘Ny Bond 3 ‘< hydrogén bond (14) ice w) sodium chloride (4) covalent bond (4) covalent bond (%) van der Waals? See Me force) van der Waals’ 7 force (14) iodine (4) _____ _—_——sraphite (4). ____ (6 marks) ARAM FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY ARRAS RS FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY 1 (&) Explain why nitrogen forms only one chloride, NCI, , whereas phosphorus forms two chlorides, PCI, and PCI, Ground state electronic configurations of N and P. N (He) 25*2p? P [Ne] 35%3p? Nhas nolow energy empty d-orbital can only accept 3 electrons to complete its octet. 4 P has low energy 3d orbitals. Excitation of one ofthe 3s elceizons to the 34 subshell AM P has 5 unpaired electrons :. It ean have a covalency of Sand forms PCI, % (2 marks) (©) Account for the order of boiling point for the two series of compounds below H,0 > C,H,OH > C,H.OC.H, {Intermolecular attraction in water and in alkanols is mainly H-bond In H,O, there are two H-bond / molecule % In C,H,OH, there is only one H-bond/molecule % C)H{OC,H, does not form H-bond, The intermolecular attraction is mainly van der Waals’ forces (much weaker than H-bond). % ‘bp. : H,0 > CyH,OH > CHOC H, H,S < GHSH < CHSCH, Intermolecular attraction is van der Waals’ forces 4 ‘Strength of van der Waals’ forces increases with no.of electron in amolecule /relative molecular size bp. H,S

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