and

Skills
 ● a particular method of
doing an activity.
Technique ● In writing, techniques are
approaches to be used to
organize the information
you have gathered to
improve your writing craft.
Techniques
 1. Brainstorming
- The term was popularized by Alex Faickney
Osborn.

- a group creativity technique by which efforts are

made to find a conclusion for a specific problem
by gathering a list of ideas spontaneously
contributed by its members.
Brainstorming
tips
 1. CUBING
In this strategy, a topic or idea is examined from
six viewpoints;
a. What is the topic?
b. What is it like or unlike?
c. What does it make you think of?
d. What constituent parts is it made of?
e. How can it be used?
f. How can you support or oppose it?
 2. FREE WRITING
In this technique, just keep on writing and
not minding errors in spelling or grammar.

The objective here is just to write

what comes to your mind. Then
review what you have written
later.
 3. LISTING
List down what comes to your mind. If
your intention is to come up with topics to
write about, enumerate them.
 4. MAPPING
is a graphic form of listing that simply involves
jotting down ideas on a large writing surface and
then making connections by associating similarly
themed ideas with color-coded circles or
underlines of distinct patterns and then indicating
other relationships by linking with lines.
 -also known as a knowledge
map, concept map, story map,

02 cognitive organizer, advance

organizer, or concept diagram.

GRAPHIC
is a communication tool that
uses visual symbols to express
knowledge, concepts, thoughts,
ORGANIZER or ideas, and the relationships
between them.
 Types
of
Graphic Organizers
 1. CONCEPT MAPS

It graphically illustrates
relationships between two
or more concepts and is
linked by words to describe
their relationship.
 2. WEBS
It shows how different categories of
information relate to one another.
 3. MIND MAPS
-are visual
representations of
hierarchical information
that include a central
idea surrounded by
connected branches of
associated topics or
ideas.
 4. FLOW DIAGRAM OR SEQUENCE CHART
This type of graphic
organizer shows a series
of steps or events in the
order in which they take
place.

Ex: events in a story, a

procedure in a scientific
process.
 5. VENN DIAGRAM
-used to identify
similarities and
differences
between two or
more concepts.
 6. ORGANIZATIONAL CHART OR DIAGRAM

is a chart or
diagram that
shows the
structure of an
organization.
 7. PIE CHART
a type of circular
graph, which is
divided into slices to
illustrate a numerical
proportion.
 8. GRAPH
a collection of all points whose
coordinates satisfy a given relation.

Ex: Line and Bar Graph

8. GRAPH
 9. TABLE
a systematic
arrangement of data
usually in rows and
columns for ready
reference.
 3. OUTLINE
A general plan of what you intend to
write. In preparing the outline, you
have to classify information and its
connection to your topic or subject.

Ex: Topic and Sentence Outline

NUMBER-LETTER
FORMAT
DECIMAL
OUTLINE
FORMAT
 3. OUTLINE
provide headings - main and subheadings-
which are parallel in structure.
Parallel in structure means that if you want
to use phrases for the headings, use phrases
all throughout.
PHRASES – TOPIC OUTLINE
 3. OUTLINE
If you choose to use sentences, do the same for all the
headings and subheadings.
SENTENCES – SENTENCE OUTLINE

Take note: In preparing an outline, have at least two

topics after each heading, and two for the
subheadings.