2014 Foundations in Microbiology 9th Edition Test Bank

2014 Foundations in Microbiology, 9th Edition Test Bank
2014 Foundations in Microbiology, 9th Edition Test

Bank
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Chapter 06 - An Introduction to Viruses
Chapter 06
An Introduction to Viruses
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Viruses have all the following except

A. definite shape.
B. metabolism.
C. genes.
D. ability to infect host cells.
E. ultramicroscopic size.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function

Learning Outcome: 06.02 Describe the unique characteristics of viruses.
Topic: General Viral Properties
2. Host cells of viruses include

A. human and other animals.
B. plants and fungi.
C. bacteria.
D. protozoa and algae.
E. All of the choices are correct.
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Learning Outcome: 06.11 Describe the virus-host relationship.
6-1
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McGraw-Hill Education.
3. The core of every virus particle always contains

A. DNA.
B. capsomers.
C. enzymes.
D. DNA and RNA.
E. either DNA or RNA.

Learning Outcome: 06.04 Describe the general structure and size range of viruses.
Topic: Viral Structure
4. Classification of viruses into families involves determining all the following characteristics
except
A. type of nucleic acid.
B. type of capsid.
C. presence of an envelope.
D. biochemical reactions.
E. nucleic acid strand number.

Learning Outcome: 06.08 Summarize the different viral groups based on their basic structure.
Learning Outcome: 06.09 Explain the classification scheme used for viruses.
Topic: Viral Classification
5. Which of the following represents a virus family name?

A. Herpes simplex virus
B. Herpesviridae
C. Picornavirus
D. Enterovirus
E. Hepatitis B virus

Learning Outcome: 06.10 Indicate the characteristics used in identifying and naming viruses.
6-2
6. Virus capsids are made from subunits called

A. envelopes.
B. spikes.
C. capsomeres.
D. prophages.
E. peplomers.

Learning Outcome: 06.05 Distinguish among types of capsids and nucleocapsids.
7. Helical and icosahedral are terms used to describe the shapes of a virus
A. spike.
B. capsomere.
C. envelope.
D. capsid.
E. core.

8. Which of the following is correct about viruses?

A. cannot be seen with a light microscope
B. are prokaryotic
C. contain 70S ribosomes
D. undergo binary fission
E. can be grown on nutrient agar

6-3
9. All of the following pertain to virus envelopes except they

A. are gained as a virus leaves the host cell membrane.
B. are gained as a virus leaves the nuclear membrane.
C. contain special virus proteins.
D. help the virus particle attach to host cells.
E. are located between the capsid and nucleic acid.

Learning Outcome: 06.06 Describe envelopes and spikes, and discuss their origins.
Learning Outcome: 06.07 Explain the functions of capsids, nucleocapsids, envelopes, and spikes.
10. Which of the following is not associated with every virus?

A. envelope
B. capsomers
C. capsid
D. nucleic acid
E. genome

11. These structures are used by bacteriophages to attach to host cell receptors.
A. sheath
B. tail fibers
C. nucleic acid
D. capsid head
E. None of the choices are correct.

Learning Outcome: 06.19 Compare the major stages in multiplication of animal viruses and bacteriophage.
Topic: Bacteriophage Cycles
6-4
12. Which is incorrect about prophages?

A. present when the virus is in lysogeny
B. formed when viral DNA enters the bacterial chromosome
C. replicated with host DNA and passed on to progeny
D. cause lysis of host cells
E. occur when temperate phages enter host cells
detrimental ways.
Learning Outcome: 06.17 Describe the stages in the multiplication cycle of bacteriophages.
Learning Outcome: 06.18 Explain what is meant by lysogeny, prophage, and lysogenic induction and conversion.
13. T-even phages

A. include the poxviruses.
B. infect Escherichia coli cells.
C. enter host cells by engulfment.
D. have helical capsids.
detrimental ways.
14. The correct sequence of events in viral multiplication is

A. penetration, replication, maturation, adsorption, assembly, release.
B. replication, penetration, maturation, assembly, absorption, release.
C. adsorption, penetration, replication, maturation, assembly, release.
D. assembly, maturation, replication, release, penetration, adsorption.
E. adsorption, release, maturation, replication, assembly, penetration.
detrimental ways.
Topic: Viral Replication
6-5
15. The event that occurs in bacteriophage multiplication that does not occur in animal virus
replication is
A. adsorption to the host cells.
B. injection of the viral nucleic acid into the host cell.
C. host cell synthesis of viral enzymes and capsid proteins.
D. assembly of nucleocapsids.
E. replication of viral nucleic acid.
detrimental ways.
16. Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during

A. replication.
B. assembly.
C. adsorption.
D. release.
E. penetration.
detrimental ways.
Learning Outcome: 06.12 Relate the stages in the multiplication cycle of animal viruses, and summarize what is happening in each stage.
Learning Outcome: 06.15 Explain two ways that animal viruses are released by a host cell.
6-6
17. Which of the following will not support viral cultivation?

A. live lab animals
B. embryonated bird eggs
C. primary cell cultures
D. continuous cell cultures
E. blood agar
ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique
structures and genomes.
detrimental ways.
Learning Outcome: 06.20 Describe the general purposes of cultivating viruses.
Learning Outcome: 06.21 Compare the methods and uses of cell culture, bird embryos, and live animals in growing viruses.
18. In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _____, while most RNA viruses
multiply in the host cell's _____.
A. nucleus, cytoplasm
B. cytoplasm, cell membrane
C. cell membrane, cytoplasm
D. cytoplasm, nucleus
E. nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum
detrimental ways.
6-7
19. Host range is limited by

A. type of nucleic acid in the virus.
B. age of the host cell.
C. type of host cell receptors on cell membrane.
D. size of the host cell.
detrimental ways.
Learning Outcome: 06.13 Describe three ways that animal viruses enter into a host cell.
20. The virus-induced, specific damage to the host cell that can be seen in a light microscope
is called
A. lysogeny.
B. budding.
C. plaques.
D. cytopathic effects.
E. pocks.
detrimental ways.
Learning Outcome: 06.16 Describe cytopathic effects of viruses and the possible results of persistent viral infections.
21. Visible, clear, well-defined patches in a monolayer of virus-infected cells in a culture are
called
A. lysogeny.
B. budding.
C. plaques.
E. pocks.
detrimental ways.
6-8
22. Viral growth in bird embryos can cause discrete, opaque spots in the embryonic
membranes called
A. lysogeny.
B. budding.
C. plaques.
E. pocks.
detrimental ways.
23. Viruses that cause infection resulting in alternating periods of activity with symptoms and
inactivity without symptoms are called
A. latent
B. oncogenic.
C. prions.
D. viroids.
E. delta agents.
ASM Objective: 06.04 Because the true diversity of microbial life is largely unknown, its effects and potential benefits have not been fully
explored.
Learning Outcome: 06.22 Discuss the medical impact and importance of viruses.
6-9
24. Oncogenic viruses include all the following except

A. Hepatitis B virus.
B. Measles virus.
C. Papillomavirus.
D. HTLVI and HTLVII viruses.
E. Epstein-Barr virus.
detrimental ways.
25. Which of the following is a type of cytopathic effect?

A. inclusions in the nucleus
B. multinucleated giant cells
C. inclusions in the cytoplasm
D. cells round up
detrimental ways.
26. Uncoating of viral nucleic acid

A. does not occur in bacteriophage multiplication.
B. involves enzymatic destruction of the capsid.
C. occurs during penetration in the multiplication cycle.
D. occurs before replication.
detrimental ways.
6-10
27. Infectious protein particles are called

A. viroids.
B. phages.
C. prions.
D. oncogenic viruses.
E. spikes.
detrimental ways.
Learning Outcome: 06.24 Describe the properties of nonviral infectious particles.
Learning Outcome: 06.25 Discuss the importance of prions and viroids and the diseases they cause.
Topic: Prions
28. Infectious naked strands of RNA are called

A. viroids.
B. phages.
C. prions.
D. oncogenic viruses.
E. spikes.
detrimental ways.
29. Creutzfeld-Jacob disease is

A. caused by a chronic latent virus.
B. initiated by an oncogenic virus.
C. caused by a viroid.
D. a spongiform encephalopathy of humans.
E. also called "mad cow disease".
detrimental ways.
Topic: Prions
6-11
30. Satellite viruses are

A. also called viroids.
B. dependent on other viruses for replication.
C. the cause of spongiform encephalopathies.
D. significant pathogens of plants.
detrimental ways.
31. All of the following is correct about treating viral diseases except
A. viruses are killed by the same antibiotics that kill bacteria.
B. many antiviral drugs block viral replication.
C. many antiviral drugs cause severe side effects.
D. interferons show potential for treating and preventing viral infections.
detrimental ways.
Learning Outcome: 06.23 Explain how animal viral infections are treated and detected.
32. The capsomers are made of

A. DNA.
B. RNA.
C. lipids.
D. protein.
E. carbohydrate.

6-12
33. Viruses that consist of only a nucleocapsid are considered

A. simple viruses.
B. complex viruses.
C. naked viruses.
D. viroids.
E. incomplete viruses.

34. The nucleocapsid consists of

A. the capsomers assembled into the capsid.
B. the nucleic acid of the virus only.
C. the nucleic acid along with the capsid.
D. the envelope and capsid.
E. the envelope, nucleic acid, and capsid.

35. Which of the following parts of a virus is not always present?

A. envelope
B. nucleic acid
C. capsid
D. capsomers
E. None of the choices are optional parts of a virus.

6-13
36. Which of the following viruses did D. Ivanovski and M. Beijerinck work with?
A. Rabies
B. Smallpox
C. Tobacco Mosaic Virus
D. Herpes
E. Epstein-Barr virus
detrimental ways.
Learning Outcome: 06.01 Indicate how viruses were discovered and characterized.
Topic: History of Microbiology
37. Viruses belong to which of the following Kingdoms?

A. Protists
B. Fungi
C. Archaea
D. Bacteria
E. None of the choices are correct.
ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution

38. Which body system is mainly affected by Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?

A. digestive
B. genitourinary
C. nervous
D. circulatory
E. respiratory
detrimental ways.
Topic: Prions
6-14
39. When a virus enters a lysogenic phase, it means

A. the virus is integrated into the DNA of the host cell and is latent.
B. the virus is bursting through the host cell membrane.
C. the virus is starting biosynthesis of its nucleic acid.
D. the virus will remain in circulation and not continue infecting its host.
E. the number of viruses in the host is decreasing as the immune system becomes effective.
detrimental ways.
40. All of the following are characteristics of viruses except

A. they can be crystallized.
B. they often have a geometric capsid.
C. they have a viscous fluid inside their capsids.
D. they can cause fatal diseases.
E. they can cause mild diseases.
detrimental ways.
41. How do enveloped animal viruses exit their host?

A. Budding or exocytosis
B. Bursting the host cell
C. Rupturing the virus
D. Endocytosis
E. None of these are correct
detrimental ways.
6-15
42. Clostridium botulinum is made virulent by incorporated prophage genes encoding for the
botulinum toxin. What term describes this process?
A. Lytic phase
B. Budding
C. Adsorption
D. Lysogenic conversion
E. Latent phase
detrimental ways.
True / False Questions
43. Viruses are ultramicroscopic because they range in size from 2 mm to 450 mm.
FALSE

44. Spikes are glycoproteins of the virus capsid.

FALSE

6-16
45. Prophages can be activated into viral replication and enter the lytic cycle.
TRUE
detrimental ways.
46. Viral infections are easier to treat with drugs than bacterial infections.
FALSE
detrimental ways.
Learning Outcome: 06.23 Explain how animal viral infections are treated and detected.
47. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses has determined that there are only
three orders of viruses.
TRUE

48. Bacteriophages do not undergo adsorption to specific host cell receptors prior to
penetration.
FALSE
detrimental ways.
6-17
49. When a virus enters a host cell, the viral genes redirect the genetic and metabolic
activities of the host cell.
TRUE
detrimental ways.
50. Viral spikes are inserted into the host cell membrane before budding or exocytosis occurs.
TRUE
detrimental ways.
51. No cases of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob syndrome linked to eating infected cows have
occurred in the United States.
TRUE
detrimental ways.
Topic: Prions
6-18
52. The adeno-associated virus (AAV) and the delta agent are prions.
FALSE
detrimental ways.
Topic: Prions
Fill in the Blank Questions
53. A(n) _____ is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus.
capsid

54. Viruses that infect bacteria are specifically called _____.

bacteriophages
detrimental ways.
55. Diagnosis of viral infections sometimes involves analyzing the patient's blood for specific
_____ that the immune system produced against the virus.
antibodies
detrimental ways.
6-19
56. Two noncellular agents, smaller than viruses, are the infectious proteins called _____,
and the infectious RNA strands called _____.
prions, viroids
detrimental ways.
Topic: Prions
57. Viruses with _____ sense RNA contain the correct message for translation, while viruses
with _____ sense RNA must first be converted into a correct message.
positive, negative
ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ
in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
58. Freshly isolated animal tissue that is placed in a growth medium and allowed to produce a
cell monolayer is referred to as a _____ cell culture.
primary
ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological).
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
59. One of the principal capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners
referred to as a(n) _____ capsid.
icosahedral

6-20
60. A naked virus does not have a(n) _____.

envelope

61. During lysogeny, an inactive prophage state occurs when the viral DNA is inserted into
the _____ _____.
bacterial chromosome
detrimental ways.
62. A common method for cultivating viruses in the lab is to use in vitro systems called
_____ cultures.
cell
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms
Short Answer Questions
63. Discuss at least six characteristics that are unique to viruses compared to other
microorganisms.

6-21
64. Discuss the criteria used for classifying viruses into families and genera.
ASM Objective: 01.04 The traditional concept of species is not readily applicable to microbes due to asexual reproduction and the frequent
occurrence of horizontal gene transfer.
65. Compare and contrast the steps of viral multiplication cycles in bacteriophages and
animal viruses.
detrimental ways.
66. Explain what is meant by host range, what governs host range, and what is meant by
tissue tropism.
detrimental ways.
6-22
2014 Foundations in Microbiology, 9th Edition Test Bank
67. Discuss why it is difficult to trace the origins of viruses and why they are important.
detrimental ways.
ASM Objective: 06.02 Microorganisms provide essential models that give us fundamental knowledge about life processes.
ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms
Learning Outcome: 06.03 Discuss the origin and importance of viruses.
68. Compare and contrast viruses, prions, and viroids.
Topic: Prions
6-23
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Multiple Choice Questions

1. Viruses have all the following except

ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function

2. Host cells of viruses include

3. The core of every virus particle always contains

ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function

ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function

5. Which of the following represents a virus family name?

ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function

6. Virus capsids are made from subunits called

ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function

ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function

8. Which of the following is correct about viruses?

ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function

9. All of the following pertain to virus envelopes except they

ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function

10. Which of the following is not associated with every virus?

ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function

ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function

12. Which is incorrect about prophages?

13. T-even phages

14. The correct sequence of events in viral multiplication is

16. Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during

17. Which of the following will not support viral cultivation?

19. Host range is limited by

24. Oncogenic viruses include all the following except

25. Which of the following is a type of cytopathic effect?

26. Uncoating of viral nucleic acid

27. Infectious protein particles are called

28. Infectious naked strands of RNA are called

29. Creutzfeld-Jacob disease is

30. Satellite viruses are

32. The capsomers are made of

ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function

33. Viruses that consist of only a nucleocapsid are considered

ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function

34. The nucleocapsid consists of

ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function

35. Which of the following parts of a virus is not always present?

ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function

37. Viruses belong to which of the following Kingdoms?

ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution

38. Which body system is mainly affected by Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?

39. When a virus enters a lysogenic phase, it means

40. All of the following are characteristics of viruses except

41. How do enveloped animal viruses exit their host?

True / False Questions

ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function

44. Spikes are glycoproteins of the virus capsid.

ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function

ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution

Fill in the Blank Questions

ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function

54. Viruses that infect bacteria are specifically called _____.

ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function