Introduction to Social Technology

Social Technology refers to the social welfare and development approaches, strategies, models of
intervention that responds to the emerging needs of the clientele.

- It is client-driven and innovative SWD model of intervention.

- Utilizes multi-disciplinary theories and/or tested method intended to improve social conditions
and social functioning of the poor, disadvantaged, marginalized, and vulnerable sector.

Social Technology Development is the process of planning, designing and testing of social welfare
technology and enrichment of existing program towards its replication and institutionalization by the
local government units to address emerging social welfare issues and problems.

Administrative Order No. 34, s. 2003 – Framework for Social Technology Development

- 6 steps
- Policy Planning Analysis
- Program Design
- Program Planning
- Pilot Testing
- Final Program Review
- Institutionalization and Replication

Administrative Order No. 06, s. 2016 – Enhanced Framework for STD

- 5 steps
- Social Technology Identification
- Design Formulation
- Pilot Implementation
- Evaluation and Documentation
- Marketing and Promotion

It provides faster and better protection through improved and appropriate models for better and faster
programs and services.

Case Management

- one of the primary places in human service systems where the whole person is taken into
account.
- Unlike specific services, case management does not focus on just one problem but rather on the
many strengths, needs, and personal concerns a person brings.
- Assessing the individual’s total situation (addressing needs and problems found in the
assessment)
- Improving the overall situation (using the person’s strength and weaknesses)
- Prevent problem to grow worst (which will cost more remedy in the future)
Why do we use case management?

- Determining the individualized service plan

- it is the case managers role to find the most efficient way to make certain a person receives the
most individualized plan for service and treatment possible.
- Process to ensure that the money being spent for the person's services is being spent wisely
it is therefore the case manager who determines what is needed and how to prevent needs and
problems from escalating.

What is the optimum amount of service that a social worker can offer to its client?

- CASE MANAGEMENT
- The optimum amount of service that we can offer our client is the service that doesn't end in the
termination of the helping relationship, but beyond the coverage of the helping contract.

PHILOSOPHY AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF CASE MANAGEMENT

Philosophy

- Social work case management is a method of providing services whereby a professional social
worker assesses the needs of the client and the client’s family, when appropriate, and arranges,
coordinates, monitors., evaluates, and advocates for a package of multiple services to meet the
specific client’s complex needs.
- Case management is a specialty practice within the human services professions. Its underlying
premise is that everyone benefits when clients reach their optimum level of self-management
and functional capacity

UNDERLYING GUIDING PRINCIPLES

- Case management is not a profession unto itself. Rather, it is a cross-disciplinary and

interdependent specialty practice.
- Case management is a means for improving clients’ health and promoting wellness and
autonomy through advocacy, communication, education, identification of service resources, and
facilitation of service.
- Case management is guided by the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence,
nonmaleficence, veracity, equity, and justice.
- Case managers come from different backgrounds within health and human services professions,
including nursing, medicine, social work, rehabilitation counseling, workers’ compensation, and
mental and behavioral health.
- The primary function of case managers is to advocate for clients/support systems. Case
managers understand the importance of achieving quality outcomes for their clients and
commit to the appropriate use of resources and empowerment of clients in a manner that is
supportive and objective.
- Case managers’ first duty is to their clients – coordinating care that is safe, timely, effective,
efficient, equitable, and client-centered.
 - The Case Management Process is centered on clients/support systems. It is holistic in its
handling of clients’ situations (e.g., addressing medical, physical, functional, emotional, financial,
psychosocial, behavioral, spiritual, and other needs), as well as those of their support systems
- The Case Management Process is adaptive to case managers’ practice settings and the settings
where clients receive health and human services.
- Case managers approach the provision of case-managed health and human services in a
collaborative manner. Professionals from within or across healthcare organizations (e.g.,
provider, employer, payor, and community agencies) and settings collaborate closely for the
benefit of clients/support systems.
- The goals of case management are first and foremost focused on improving the client’s clinical,
functional, emotional, and psychosocial status.
- Case management helps clients achieve wellness and autonomy through advocacy,
comprehensive assessment, planning, communication, health education and engagement,
resource management, service facilitation, and use of evidence-based guidelines or standards.
- Based on the cultural beliefs, values, and needs of clients/support systems and in collaboration
with all service providers (both healthcare professionals and paraprofessionals), case managers
link clients/support systems with appropriate providers of care and resources throughout the
continuum of health and human services and across various care settings. They do so while
ensuring that the care provided is safe, effective, client-centered, timely, efficient, and
equitable. This approach achieves optimum value and desirable outcomes for all stakeholders.
- Case managers enhance the case management services and their associated outcomes by
maintaining clients’ privacy, confidentiality, health, and safety through advocacy and adherence
to ethical, legal, accreditation, certification, and regulatory standards and guidelines, as
appropriate to the practice setting.
- Case managers must possess the education, skills, knowledge, competencies, and experiences
needed to effectively render appropriate, safe, and quality services to their clients/support
systems.
- Case managers must demonstrate a sense of commitment and obligation to maintain current
knowledge, skills, and competencies. They also must disseminate their practice innovations and
findings from research activities to the case management community for the benefit of
advancing the field of case management.

Principles of Effective Case Management

Principle #1 Building Trusting Relationship

- The therapeutic relationship between practitioner and client plays an integral role in case
management. Developing this kind of relationship with your client enables you to better engage
them and develop the appropriate interventions with them.
- A large part of this principle is providing a safe environment for your clients to share their
stories, problems, and feelings. Clients have indicated that the following four personality
characteristics are most important to them in a social worker: Understanding, Emphatic,
Pleasant, Ability to put one at ease

Principle #2 Using Evidence-based Practice

 - Evidence-based practice (EBP) is increasingly emphasized in social work, and it’s an important
principle for social workers and case managers to apply.
- EBP is a process practitioners use to guide and inform the delivery of treatments and services,
integrating the following four components: Current client needs, situation, and environment,
Best available research evidence, Client values and preferences, Clinician’s judgment and
expertise
- According to the Social Work Policy Institute, evidence-based practice requires that the
practitioner, researcher, and client work together to identify and determine what works for
whom and in which particular situations. The EBP approach ensures that the development and
implementation of treatment and services produce the most effective outcomes possible.

Principle #3 Empowering your Client

- As you recognize the dignity, worth, and rights that belong to each of your clients, you can instill
a sense of self-determination as you guide them. This will empower your clients to reach higher
levels of life satisfaction. This will also leave them with the confidence to make healthy choices.
- The personal empowerment dynamic is similar to a traditional clinical notion of self-
determination whereby clients give direction to the helping process, take charge and control of
their personal lives, get their “heads straight,” learn new ways to think about their situations
and adopt new behaviors that give them more satisfying and rewarding outcomes. Personal
empowerment recognizes the uniqueness of each client.
- Practical Steps: Help the Client Define and Own Their Story, Recognize the Client’s Individuality

HISTORY OF CASE MANAGEMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES AND US

Social work literature abroad during the last two decades has been enriched by reports of
studies as well as article about a concept – case management – considered useful particularly for at-risk
population. It is cited for having transformed traditional practice (case work, group work, and
community organization) into a new and more useful model. It involves the social worker in varied
activities like planning, linking, mediating, networking, and coordinating, in order to help bring about
resolution of the client’s problem.

The situation in the Philippines has always been different. The reality is that most of our social
workers, regardless of field of setting, have to deal with multi-problem clients whose situations all for
many different social work activities the composite of which is now called “case management”.

Case management is now accepted as social work function that is very appropriate in the
country particularly for client’s especially in difficult circumstances like abused children, women, older
persons, victims of armed conflict, victims of natural disaster, persons with disabilities, and the
chronically and mentally ill.

In the late 1800s, a formal attempt was made to organize the delivery of services to people in
need. Initially, the Charity Organization Society took control of this approach, making the collection of
information and the delivery of services more systematic. In the course of its work, the society
developed casework as a useful method for tracking needs, progress, and changes in each case. As the
people has more needs than problems, beyond poverty, the need to coordinate these services became
important to prevent duplication. Casework has also was employed as a means of tracking and using
scarce resources to the best advantage.

In the 1960s, the process of deinstitutionalization meant that individuals once housed in the
institution were now placed in communities where they needed considerable support to live more
independent lives, as a result, casework became ever more important for a larger number of people.

In the 1980s, the term caseworker evolved into case manager, and these managers took on
greater responsibility for managing resources, finding innovative supports, and coordinating services.
Agencies began to use case management as a procedure to assess needs, to find ways to meet those
needs, and to follow people as they use those services. In addition to keeping an eye on how scarce
resources were spent, case managers where charged with taking a more holistic approach to their
clients, looking at all their needs rather than addressing only those that brought the person in for
assistance. As for this charged came the directive to develop individualized plans constructed specifically
for that person and not a cookie cutter approach to supplying services.

Today, case managers as seen as a significant service in all most social service settings and are
viewed as the most important way to present relapse, track clients’ needs, and support progress
towards group health.