MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila

CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City

BAGUIO: Upper Ground Floor, Pilando Center, Baguio City
Contact Number: (+93)956 2568509 (Manila), (032) 254-9967 (Cebu), (+63)939 5746940 (Baguio)
E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com

Review Module – Differential Calculus

Limits of Functions Derivatives of Functions at Specific Values

Suppose that f and g are functions such that the two limits, lim 𝑓(𝑥) Find dy/dx for the given value of x.
𝑥→𝑎
and lim 𝑔(𝑥) exist, suppose that k is a constant and suppose that n is
𝑥→𝑎
a positive integer. Then the following are accepted theorems of limits: 12. 𝑦 = 𝑥 −2 at 𝑥 = −2
1
1. lim 𝑘 = 𝑘 13. 𝑦 = 𝑥 ln 𝑥 at 𝑥 = 2
𝑥→𝑎
2. lim 𝑥 = 𝑎
𝑥→𝑎
3. lim [𝑘 ∙ 𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑘 ∙ lim 𝑓(𝑥) Implicit Differentiation
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎
4. lim [𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)] = lim 𝑓(𝑥) + lim 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 14. Differentiate the equation 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 − 6𝑥𝑦 = 0.
If f is a polynomial, then lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎).
𝑥→𝑎 Higher Derivatives

The limit lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑀 if and only if the right-hand limits and left-hand
𝑥→𝑎 15. Determine the second derivative of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 for 𝑥 = −1.
limits exist and are equal to M:
lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑀 Basic Applications
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

Suppose that f and g are two functions such that lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿 ≠ 0 16. Two particles have positions at time t given by the equations 𝑠1 =
𝑥→𝑎
and lim 𝑔(𝑥) = 0, then the limit lim
𝑓(𝑥)
does not exist. 𝑡 3 − 𝑡 and 𝑠2 = 6𝑡 2 − 𝑡 3 . Find their velocities when they have
𝑥→𝑎 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑎
the same acceleration.

17. What is the slope of the line tangent to the curve 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 −

Evaluate the limit of the following functions: 6𝑥 + 10𝑦 + 5 = 0 at (1, 0).
𝑧 2 +5𝑧+6 1
1. lim 3. lim 18. Find the equation of the tangent and normal to the curve 𝑦 =
𝑧→1 𝑧+1 𝑥→0 𝑥
2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 at the point (2, 0).
𝑥 2 −4 3𝑥 3 −2𝑥+4
2. lim 𝑥 2+2𝑥−8 4. lim 19. Determine the critical points and the point of inflection of the curve
𝑥→2 𝑥→∞ 2−3𝑥 2 −2𝑥 3
𝑦 = 3𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 27.

Asymptotes Maxima-Minima

Definition 1. The line x = a is a vertical asymptote of the graph of f(x) if Steps in Solving Maxima-Minima Problems:
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = ∞
𝑥→𝑎
Definition 2. The line y = b is a horizontal asymptote of the graph of f(x) 1. Express the quantity to be maximized in terms of a single variable
if function.
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 2. Differentiate the function determined in #1 and set the derivative
𝑥→∞
equal to zero.
3. Solve for values of the variable and check if they maximize or
minimize the quantity.
Determine the equation of the vertical, horizontal, or inclined
asymptote(s) of the following:
20. Find two positive integers such that the product is 185 and the
2𝑥 2𝑥 2 +𝑥−1
3. 𝑦 = 𝑥−3 7. 𝑦= sum is a minimum.
𝑥−1

3𝑥 21. An offshore oil well is 2 kilometers off the coast. The refinery is 4
5. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2−1
kilometers down the coast. Laying pipe in the ocean is twice as
expensive as laying it on land. What path should the pipe follow
Basic Differentiation in order to minimize the cost?

Determine dy/dx for the following: 22. A Norman window is constructed by adjoining a semicircle to the
top of an ordinary rectangular window (see figure). Find the
8. 𝑦 = (3𝑥 + 4)2 (𝑥 − 5)3 dimensions of a Norman window of maximum area when the total
perimeter is 16 feet.
9. 𝑦 = 𝑒 sec 𝑥
23. A rectangular package to be sent by a postal service can have a
10. 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑥2 maximum combined length and girth (perimeter of a cross
section) of 108 inches. Find the dimensions of the package of
1 4 sin 𝑥 maximum volume that can be sent. (Assume the cross section is
11. Differentiate 𝑦 = 4 tan−1 (3+5 cos 𝑥) with respect to x. square.)
cos 𝑥 1
A. tan 𝑥 B. 3+5 cos 𝑥 C. 5+3 cos 𝑥 D. 4𝑥
 MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
BAGUIO: Upper Ground Floor, Pilando Center, Baguio City
Contact Number: (+93)956 2568509 (Manila), (032) 254-9967 (Cebu), (+63)939 5746940 (Baguio)
E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com

Review Module – Differential Calculus

Time-Related Rates Curvilinear Motion

Steps in Solving Time-Related Rate Problems:
1. Get the relationship of the variables in the problem and write them
down in equation form.
2. Differentiate the function determined in 1 with respect to time t.
3. Determine the value of the variables at the specified time of the
problem and solve for the unknown.
Situation (24-26). A ladder 25 feet long is leaning against the wall of
a house. The base of the ladder is pulled away from the wall at a rate
of 2 feet per second.
24. How fast is the top of the ladder moving down the wall when its
base is 7 feet from the wall?
31. The box of negligible size is sliding down along a curved path
defined by the parabola 𝑦 = 0.4𝑥 2. When it is at A (2, 1.6), the
speed is 8 m/s and the increase in speed is 4 m/s2. Determine the
magnitude of the acceleration of the box at this instant.
32. The particle travels with a constant speed of 300 mm/s along the
curve. Determine the particle’s acceleration when it is located at
point (200 mm, 100 mm).
Partial Derivatives (with Applications)
33. For a multivariable function 𝑧 = 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑦 2 , determine
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
and 𝜕𝑦 .
𝜕𝑥

25. Consider the triangle formed by the side of the house, the ladder, 34. If 𝑢 = 𝑥 3 𝑦 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑦 3 , determine the total differential of 𝑢.
and the ground. Find the rate at which the area of the triangle is
changing when the base of the ladder is 7 feet from the wall. 35. Two sides of a triangle were measured as 150 and 200 ft, and the
included angle is 60°. If the possible errors are 0.2 ft in measuring
the sides and 1° in the angle, what is the greatest possible error
26. Find the rate at which the angle between the ladder and the wall
in the computed area? What is the percentage error?
of the house is changing when the base of the ladder is 7 feet
from the wall.
36. Find the equation of the tangent plane and normal line to the
27. A trough is 12 feet long and 3 feet across the top. Its ends are function 𝑧 = 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 − 11 at the point (2, 1, 3).
isosceles triangles with altitudes of 3 feet. Water is being pumped
into the trough at 2 cubic feet per minute. How fast is the water
level rising when the depth h is 1 foot?

Parametric Equations

28. Given the parametric equations 𝑥 = 𝑡 2 + 5𝑡 + 4 and 𝑦 = 4𝑡,

solve for the slope when t = 0.

29. Find the equations of the tangent line and the normal line of the
curve at the point indicated: 𝑥 = 3𝑡 − 𝑡 2 and 𝑦 = 2𝑡 3/2 at t =
1/4.

Curvature

In rectangular form,
|𝑦 ′′ |
𝜅=
[1 + (𝑦 ′ )2 ]3/2
In parametric form,
𝑓 ′ 𝑔 ′′ − 𝑓 ′′ 𝑔 ′
𝜅=
[(𝑓 ′ )2 + (𝑔 ′)2 ]3/2
In polar form,
𝑟 2 + 2(𝑟 ′ )2 − 𝑟𝑟 ′′
𝜅=
[𝑟 2 + (𝑟 ′ )2 ]3/2

Radius of curvature
1
𝜌=
𝜅

30. Find the radius of curvature, the coordinates of center of

curvature, and the equation of the circle of curvature of the curve
of 4𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 = 36 at the point (0, 2).