TOPIC 5: Moles and Avogadro number,Constant

We have seen that if we had 1 mol. of Carbon-12 , it would have a mass of 12 g and contain 6.0x1023
carbon atoms. This number of atoms in 12 g of 12C is called the Avogadro constant.

That is to say , 1 mol. of other substance contains this same number of particles . For example :

1 mol. of magnesium atoms contains 6.0x1023 Mg atoms ,and has a mass of 24 g .

1 mol. of water contains 6.0 x1023 water molecules,H2O , and has 2a mass of 18 g.

1 mol . of Hydrogen atoms contains 6.0 x 1023 hydrogen atoms ,with a mass of 1 g.

1 mol. of Hydrogen molecules contains 6.0 x1023 Hydrogen molecules,H2 ,with a mass of 2g.

This is the reason that we use moles . If we know the number of moles we also know how many particles
are present.Similarly ,if we know how many particles are present , we can work out the mass of the
substance.

For example , 0.5 mol. of sodium ,Na, atoms ,number of sodium atoms = 0.5 x 6.0 x 10 23 atoms.

Similarly ,6.0 x1021 Calcium atoms would be 6.0 x1021/6.0 x 1023 mol. of Calcium atoms = 0.01 mol.

Exercise 4 :

(a)Work out number of atoms in 1.5 mol. of calcium atoms.

(b)Work out the number Sodium hydroxide ,NaOH moles in 0.0025 mol.

(c)Work the number of mol. of CaCl2 in 1.8 x1024 CaCl2 formula.

(d)Work out the mass in g that contains 1.8 x 1024 Calcium atoms

[ Use Avogadro constant = 6.0 x1023 particles .Ca = 40 ]