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Date:

EXPERIMENT NUMBER- 7

Aim: To detect the acidic radical and basic radical present in the given salt.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1 Physical Examination
a Noted the colour of the White in colour Cu2+ , Fe2+ absent
salt
b Noted the smell of the Ammonical smell NH4+ maybe present
salt
2 Dry Heating Test
Took a small amount of a. A pungent smelling NH4+ maybe present
salt in a test tube and gas turning red litmus
heated blue was evolved
b. A white sublimate
was formed on the
cooler sides of the test
tubes
3 Dil H2SO4 test
To a small amount of A colourless gas with 𝐶𝑂32− maybe present
salt 1-2ml of dil H2SO4 brisk effervescence
was added turning blue litmus red
was evolved.
CONFIRMATORY TEST
FOR ACIDIC RADICAL
4 Lime water test:
The gas evolved in step Lime water turned 𝐶𝑂32− confirmed
3 was passed through milky
lime water solution
5 Magnesium sulphate
test
To a small amount of A white ppt was 𝐶𝑂32− confirmed
salt solution 1 ml of formed
Magnesium sulphate
solution was added
WET TEST FOR BASIC
RADICALS
6 Preparation of original
solution(O.S): The salt
was dissolved in water
and labelled as O.S
7 A pungent smelling gas Group zero present
Sodium hydroxide test:
which produced white
Took small amount of fumes when a rod 𝑁𝐻4+ confirmed
O.S from step 6 and 1 dipped in dil HCl was
ml of sodium brought near the
hydroxide was added mouth of the test tube
and test tube was
heated

8 Nessler’s Reagent Test: Brown ppt was formed 𝑁𝐻4+ confirmed

Took small amount of
 O.S from step 6 and
few drops of Nessler’s
Reagent were added

Result:
Acidic Radical: 𝐶𝑂32−
Basic Radical: 𝑁𝐻4+

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Equations:
Test for carbonate ions:
A.

B.
Magnesium Sulphate test

𝐶𝑂32− + MgSO4 → Mg𝐶𝑂32− + 𝑆𝑂42−

Test for ammonium ions:

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Date:

EXPERIMENT NUMBER- 8

Aim: To detect the acidic radical and basic radical present in the given salt.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1 Physical Examination
a Noted the colour of the White in colour Cu2+ , Fe2+ absent
salt
b Noted the smell of the No characteristic smell NH4+ , CH3COO- maybe
salt absent
2 Dry Heating Test
Took a small amount of a. A brown coloured NO2 gas evolved,
salt in a test tube and pungent smelling gas 𝑁𝑂3− maybe present
heated turning red litmus blue
was evolved
b. Residue brown
when hot yellow when Pb2+ maybe present
cold
3 Dil H2SO4 test
To a small amount of No characteristic 𝐶𝑂32−
salt 1-2ml of dil H2SO4 observation absent, 𝑁𝑂2− maybe
was added absent
4 Conc H2SO4 test
To a small amount of A brown coloured 𝑁𝑂3− maybe present
salt 1-2ml of conc pungent smelling gas
H2SO4 was added and turning red litmus blue
heated was evolved

CONFIRMATORY TEST
FOR ACIDIC RADICAL
5 Cu chips test:
Cu chips were added to Brown fumes 𝑁𝑂3− confirmed
test tube-step 4 intensified
6 Brown ring test
To the salt solution a brown ring at the 𝑁𝑂3− confirmed
freshly prepared iron junction of two layers
(II) sulphate was
added, followed by the
slow addition of
concentrated sulphuric
acid, such that the
sulphuric acid forms a
layer below the
aqueous solution.
WET TEST FOR BASIC
RADICALS
7 Preparation of original
solution(O.S): The salt
was dissolved in water
and labelled as O.S
8 Nessler’s Reagent Test: No brown ppt was Group zero absent
 Took small amount of formed
O.S from step 7 and
few drops of Nessler’s
Reagent were added
9 Took small amount of White ppt was formed Group 1 present
O.S from step 7 and 𝑃𝑏 2+ maybe present
few drops of dil HCl
were added
10 Filtered the solution
from step 9 and
dissolved the white ppt
in hot water and
divided into two parts
11 Potassium iodide test: Yellow ppt formed 𝑃𝑏 2+ confirmed
To one part of solution
from step 10 added
few drops of KI
12 Potassium chromate Yellow ppt formed 𝑃𝑏 2+ confirmed
test:
To second part of
solution from step 10
added few drops of
K2CrO4

Result:
Acidic Radical: 𝑁𝑂3−
Basic Radical: 𝑃𝑏 2+

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Test For nitrate ions:

Brown ring test

Test for lead ions:

Potassium iodide test

Potassium Chromate test