Researchpaper Group2 2

St.
Mary’s Educational Institute
RESIDENTS ASSESSMENT ON HEALTH PROGRAMS

OF BARANGAY BUKAL, LEMERY, BATANGAS
A Thesis Presented
to the Faculty of St. Mary’s Educational Institute
Lemery, Batangas
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
in Practical Research 1
by:
Casanova, Mariell Joyce O.
De Castro, Aliah Beatrice D.
Magpantay, Blessee Lorden A.
Marasigan, Jesse Reine I.
Maraya, Juliana S.
Sandoval, Mary Rieshen G.
June 2023
PAASCU Accredited Bureau of Immigration Accredited

32
St. Mary’s Educational Institute
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
INTRODUCTION
One of the most important parts of a person's life is health. It is the
foremost treasured resource in the possession of human beings. Being well
holistically is certainly a need to survive. Part of our responsibility as an individual
is to check ourselves if we are in good condition or not. Nevertheless, aside from
it being a duty of oneself, it is also a concern of the government leading to the
implementation of the health care system in every area. There should be a
collaborative effort among people and the societies in which they live. Cities,
municipalities, and barangays carried out a system where the officials can
monitor every single person's health status. A medical system is an action made
by organizations and officials in an area promoting and enhancing the
wholesomeness and life of a person. It aims to deliver and promote the
community to have a better and healthier lifestyle. The goal is also to provide
people with effective and efficient services, financial risk protection, improved
access to quality hospitals, and medical millennium attainment.
Barangay health workers advocate and educate the residents living in
their area. They undergo about five weeks of the training program under an
accredited government or non-government organization, ranging from

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administering first aid and diagnosis of social diseases, maternal and birthing
services, different kinds of immunizations, child health including weighing
children, child rights, family planning, and nutrition. etc.
Unless otherwise specified in this chapter, any operations of an
organization primarily involved in delivering or managing health services, and
health insurance coverage, are considered part of the health program or activity.
A hospital, health clinic, group health plan, health insurance issuer, physician’s
office, community health center, nursing home, residential or community-based
treatment facility, or other similar institution is an example of such an entity.
In the province of Batangas, and falling under Region IV-A
(CALABARZON), Bukal is one of the 46 barangays in the municipality of Lemery.
Briefly, Barangay Bukal, Lemery, Batangas is a small barangay that is
implementing different health programs. BHW (Barangay Health Workers)
provide interpretation and help people get the care they need, guidance on
health behaviors, advocacy for individual and community health needs, and
direct services such as first aid and blood pressure screening.
Barangay Health Workers are authorized to function as such by the local
health board in accordance with the guidelines promulgated by the Philippines
Department of Health, as defined in Sec. 3 of Republic Act No. 7883. This act,

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also known as the “Barangay Health Workers' Benefits and Incentives Act of
1995", recognizes the need for primary health care and organizes health workers
to promote health empowerment. Hence, The Philippines is said to be one of the
Third World countries with an increasing population and poor economies that
need strong and dependable healthcare programs that will provide Filipinos with
reliable services.
The Philippine Constitution of 1987 guarantees one's access to health as
a fundamental right of humanity. In the Philippines, this is offered through a dual
healthcare system made up of the public and private sectors. Health services are
provided by government facilities under the control of the national and municipal
governments, which get funded mostly by taxes.
At the local level, provincial governments operate and manage district and
provincial hospitals, while municipal governments provide medical services,
including preventive as well as promotional health services and other public
health programs through the rural health units, health centers, and Barangays.
The Department of Health (DOH) manages and controls the government-
corporate hospitals, specialty, and regional hospitals, while the Department of
National Defense runs the local hospitals in densely populated communities and
offers both hospital and primary care services.

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Health is a condition of total physical, mental, and social well-being as
opposed to simply being free from illness or disability. Health is also defined as
the ability of the body to function well and help people stay well in this life. In
accordance with Mamurov (2020), a person with good physical health is likely to
have optimally functioning body systems. Additionally, to reduce the risk of
disease, maintaining a healthy lifestyle is essential for a person's physical well-
being. For instance, keeping physical fitness helps safeguard and enhance a
person's capacity for breathing, heart function, muscular strength, flexibility, and
body composition.
Good health depends on different factors such as genetic and
environmental factors. Genetic factors are the person who was born with various
genes that can be inherited from the parents. According to L Senaldi and M
Smith-Raska (2020), illnesses are passed down across generations based on the
transfer of DNA sequences, and when these DNA sequences are aberrant,
diseases are also passed down. Environmental factors are the environmental
issues that trigger a person who has an increased risk of genetics on a particular
disease. To give an example, some of the important factors of health are
exercise, rest, diet, avoiding vice, etc. These factors make a big difference in
overall health and wellness. The importance of Health and Wellness is they

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balance the physical and mental well-being of a person to maintain their body in
good condition.
On the other hand, illnesses may occur in people’s health, such as
infectious, deficiency, and hereditary diseases, leading to a difficult lifestyle.
Illness can be described as a medical condition that results from impairment,
flaw, or disability that needs medical attention. Medical attention could help
people to have proper treatment and prevent medical or health problems.
Maintaining good health would help to prevent illness and avoid getting treatment
due to health issues.
A healthy lifestyle is defined as one of the things that could help the
person's body to have enough strength and power to participate in different
activities. Additionally, a healthy lifestyle will also encourage people to set higher
goals for themselves and drive to do better in life. According to Y Song (2020),
there are different ways to achieve and maintain a healthy lifestyle such as
measuring and watching your weight, limiting unhealthy foods and eating healthy
foods, taking vitamins, drinking water, exercising regularly, etc.
One of the most accessible sources to achieve a healthy lifestyle is the
help of local barangay health assessments. Health programs are defined as
providing or managing health-related services and assisting people to acquire

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these services. The residents of the barangay would benefit from health
programs as doing this make it easier to monitor people's health and keep their
bodies in good condition. Health programs also reduce the risk of illness and
concentrate on improving people's health.
Taking everything into account, the researchers conducted a study on the
subject of strengthening the health programs in Bukal, Lemery, Batangas for it to
be able to improve protection, efficacy, and performance. Strengthening the
quality and efficiency of the healthcare programs in Bukal, Lemery, Batangas will
assist providers in developing dependable, cost-effective, and long-lasting
healthcare systems, allowing them to achieve their goal of improving care
delivery and patient outcomes. This research aims to provide health care
services to give basic health services to the members of the community they
belong to. Also to support the officials, health workers, and people of the
community in making effective use of the collected information on how they can
enhance and further the Health Programs of their town or municipality.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The study is anchored on the concept of Input-Process-Output that
provides the basis for Residents’ Assessment on Health Programs of Barangay
Bukal, Lemery, Batangas which will help the community, people, and officials.

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The theory of Wiseman et al (2018) stated that the higher the community's
understanding of its relation to health services, the more successful the program
will be and the optimal utilization of health services. As users or those who obtain
services, the community must understand the services that will be obtained and
also understand the process of obtaining optimal services by following the BPJS
for health currently being proclaimed by the government.
This study is founded on the residents' experiences. People's feedback is
useful in describing or better understanding a healthcare issue. It is critical to
critically evaluate existing scientific evidence in order to establish a solid
foundation and prevent the spread of misinformation. A good assessment of the
problem can lead to good research, which leads to even enhanced assessment
procedures. Setting up an unstructured interview and carrying out the proposed
activities require a review of the residents.
More profound observations and evaluations of people are required to
gather pertinent knowledge about Barangay Bukal's health programs. This can
be achieved through the use of structured interviews. It is an approach to
gathering data that relies on asking questions in a specific order to collect
information about an issue. This may aid in gaining a solid foundation in the
healthcare system. This can also help us shift different points of view and
develop hypotheses. The recorded information about aspects of the barangay's

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health care system from its residents is a significant contribution to the proposed
activities you will provide.
Health Programs
of Barangay Bukal,
Structured Continuity Plan
Lemery, Batangas
Interview

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Figure 1
RESEARCH PARADIGM
The paradigm illustrated in Figure 1 shows conceptual endeavors undertaken in
the conduct of this study.
The box on the left side shows the different health programs such as
administering first aid and diagnosis of social diseases, maternal and birthing
services, different kinds of immunizations, child health including weighing
children, child rights, family planning, and nutrition offered to the residents of
Barangay Bukal, Lemery Batangas.
The box in the center shows the process of how the interview was utilized.
The researchers did this by data gathering through observation and tabulating
their answers.
Lastly, the box on the right side shows how the proposed continuity plan
improved the residents’ healthcare needs. Also if the service offered is effective
or has a better quality in their health issues.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

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This study entitles “Residents Assessment on Health Programs of
Barangay Bukal, Lemery, Batangas”, attempts to answer the following questions:
1. What are the different health programs offered to the residents of
Barangay Bukal, Lemery, Batangas?
2. How do the residents of Barangay Bukal, Lemery, Batangas assess the
offered health programs?
3. What continuity plan may be proposed?
SCOPE, DELIMITATIONS, AND LIMITATIONS
The main focus of this study is the residents’ assessment of the health
programs in Bukal, Lemery, Batangas. Simultaneously, this study aims to know
the health programs that this barangay is conducting. The study's objective is to
determine whether or not the residents of barangay Bukal Lemery in Batangas
benefit from the health initiatives.
This research will be useful to the health workers since it will let them
know how their residents feel about the health initiatives that they are
implementing. The residents will gain by expressing what they feel about the
health programs that are conducted.

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Moreover, this study is limited only to the residents of barangay Bukal,
Lemery, Batangas and does not guarantee the same answers from other
barangays. The data that have been gathered are based on the interview with a
set of questions that the researchers made.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The results obtained from this research will be useful for the following:
Barangay. A research study assessing health programs in barangay can
help to improve the quality and effectiveness of health programs. In this, we can
promote accountability and evidence-based decision-making, inform policy
development, and enhance community participation. Also, to widen the
knowledge regarding public health information strategies.
Residents. This study will allow the community and the residents to
receive the advantage to form a view of the importance of applying the proper
ways and behaviors in the concerns of health. Also, this will help to enhance their
healthy lifestyle and promote steps to maintain their healthful well-being. At the
same time, they will acquire knowledge that will provide them assistance to help
the aim of improving the town’s health care management system.
Health Workers. The following information gathered in the study will help
the health workers to acquire knowledge and gain ideas that can be applied in

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strengthening and improving the healthcare management system in the
community. Also, this study may provide great help for them to grasp the
situations on the problems in Bukal, Lemery, Batangas to know what kind of
action they will provide. With the data, it would be beneficial for the leaders due
to the reason that it could be a great basis for developing and expanding the
level of performance of the community health workers in providing medical
assistance to the residents or patients.
Future Researchers. This research would be very helpful in guiding and
supporting future researchers who are performing research on a similar study or
issue. If they come up with a topic like this in the near future, this can also give
accurate and relevant information. Furthermore, this might serve as a reference
for them when they conduct their study.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
For a clearer understanding of this research, the researchers defined some
important terms:
Health Insurance. It helps protect individuals and families from the high
costs of medical care and provides financial assistance for medical treatments,
hospitalization, and other related expenses. (U.S. Department of Health &

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Human Services, 2021) In this study, Health insurance helps in paying for
medical expenses when someone gets sick or injured.
Health Program. It refers to the offering or management of services
pertaining to health and coverage for health-related expenses. (Cornell Law
School. 2021) In this study, the Health program includes Insurance that our
government offers to us Filipinos.
Lifestyle. It encompasses a wide range of activities, such as diet,
exercise, social interactions, and recreational activities. (MedlinePlus, 2021). In
this research, Lifestyle is the way a person lives, including habits, behaviors, and
choices.
Residents. They are the people who live in a particular place
(Encyclopedia Britannica, 2021). In this research, the Residents from Barangay
Bukal, Lemery Batangas will be our respondents.
Wellness. It is a holistic approach to health that emphasizes the
importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including good nutrition, regular
exercise, stress management, and other positive behaviors. (National Institutes
of Health, 2020). In this study, Wellness is the state of being in good physical,
mental, and emotional health.

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CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents conceptual and research literature and also
synthesis that is relevant to the researcher’s study. The study presents some
sources and some researchers who wrote their own idea about the present
study.
Conceptual Literature
This study is concerned with the resident’s assessment of barangay
Bukal, Lemery, Batangas, the researchers had come up with the readings that
are related to the present study including the quality of health, healthcare
workers and health programs.
Quality of Health. Quality management is a broad notion in health care. It
was first viewed as directing healthcare staff on what to do. However, its modern
understanding is to manage the care process. It refers to viewing organizational
functions as an interplay of procedures and processes that may be addressed

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both individually and collectively. Quality management has developed as a more
pressing necessity than ever before, owing to the new definition of quality, which
includes patient happiness as an outcome of service. The quality of services
delivered to patients is critical. The previous approach to quality control focused
on fault detection, but the current model focuses on defect prevention,
continuous process improvement, and an outcome-driven system led by the
needs of the patients. As a result, there is an urgent need to affect a paradigm
shift in the quality of healthcare delivery. The authorities must step forward to
become involved in quality. Currently, quality has been addressed more in the
medical field than in allied fields such as dentistry and nursing, as well as more in
developing countries (Aeran et al., 2019).
Additionally, Daraz (2019) said that patients with chronic illnesses
encounter numerous hurdles in managing their health, family life, work
conditions, psychological issues, and a lack of understanding from society, family
members, and healthcare experts. This has led patients to express their
concerns about the need for trustworthy relevant information that may play a vital
role by increasing understanding of a health problem, assisting in making
informed decisions about treatment options, increasing the perception of control
over one's own health, and ultimately improving quality of life while living with an
illness. Patients have reported that the information they receive from their

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healthcare professionals is not clear, satisfies their needs, and ultimately
improves their quality of life while living with an illness.
According to Valore Crooks, an important element of negotiating life with a
chronic illness, for many, is seeking out information that can be used to come to
a greater understanding of one's changed/changing body and possible treatment
options. The Internet has become a primary source of health information, with
over 100,000 websites dedicated to the subject. The Internet has been
acknowledged as a platform for educating and empowering individuals by giving
information about their health issues, illness prevention/management, and
related health services. Many researchers have consistently advocated that web-
based health information can change behaviour, improve adherence to
treatment, reduce health risks, increase satisfaction with care, and reach peers. It
has been consistently advocated by many researchers that web-based health
information can change behaviour, improve adherence to treatment, reduce
health risks, increase satisfaction with care, and reach peers.
In 2020, according to Chiew et al., as a site of health services, the hospital
must provide quality services, hence the hospital is obligated to increase service
quality. The goal of health services is to achieve a level of public health that
meets the expectations and degrees of community needs (consumer satisfaction)
through effective services provided by service providers who also meet the

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expectations and needs of service providers (provider satisfaction) in well-
organized institutions. The interaction of the three basic pillars of health services
that are harmonious, harmonious, and balanced results in satisfactory health
care (satisfaction health care). Customer dissatisfaction with a product is caused
by six factors: not meeting expectations, the service while enjoying unsatisfactory
services, unsatisfactory personal behavior, an unsatisfactory atmosphere and
physical environment, high cost, and promotion that does not correspond to
reality. As a result, the provider must be able to provide satisfaction to its
customers, for example, by providing higher quality products, cheaper and better
services. If a product can meet the needs of its clients, it is said to be of high
quality. As a result, understanding client demands and satisfaction (customer
requirements) is critical. The expectation of service users is the quality of good
health services, which includes reliability, which is the ability to provide services
immediately, accurately (and accurately), and at a satisfactory level, as well as
responsiveness, as they must be polite and master their skills given, have
attention (empathy), good communication, understand the needs, and listen to
patient complaints. These must be complemented by appealing and enjoyable
physical facilities for providing services and carrying out tasks.
Healthcare workers. In order to provide quality medical treatment,
Healthcare workers, commonly referred to as health human resources (HHR),

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are essential to the provision of healthcare services. By evaluating the availability
of healthcare workers in a developing nation context—in this example, the
Philippines—and examining geographic variables that affect HHRs' decisions
about where to practice their profession, this research seeks to add to the body
of literature. We differ from past research by examining a larger range of HHR
cadres, such as dentists, nutritionists-dieticians, optometrists, and opticians, in
addition to doctors, nurses, and midwives. When compared to worldwide criteria,
the Philippines' national level looks to have an adequate supply of healthcare
professionals, but disaggregated statistics on HHR density paint a considerably
more complex picture. Less than 25% of towns and cities have HHR densities
that are higher than the necessary 41 doctors, nurses, and midwives per 10,000
people. This means that up to 75% of the towns and municipalities in the nation
may not have enough HHRs to deliver healthcare services. In fact, there has
been a regional concentration of healthcare personnel during the past 25 years.
We estimate a discrete-choice location model using data from the Philippines
and discover that in the nation, healthcare employees are more likely to work in
regions with higher wages potentials, and in neighborhoods near where they
received their training, comparable. But we could not locate any evidence to
support the idea of increasing access through increasing ethnic diversity among
HHRs (cf. Kington, et al., 2011) in underserved regions. We record the opposite,

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though: HHRs from Areas with significant ethnic concentrations are less likely to
employ ethnolinguistic minorities, despite HHRs from non-minority backgrounds
are less risk-averse.
The media has frequently hailed healthcare professionals for their "heroic"
actions during the COVID-19 outbreak. Although many people clearly appreciate
this thanks, we must be careful not to abuse the word "hero" in these talks. It is
reasonable that the language of heroism has been invoked to commend
healthcare staff for their activities given the difficulties they presently confront,
which are far larger than those they experience in the course of their routine
employment. However, using such words might have unfavourable effects. I first
look at what heroism is and why it is now used by healthcare professionals
before describing some of the issues with the heroic narrative that the media is
currently using. As a society, we should consider what responsibilities healthcare
personnel have in this epidemic and how we might help them fulfill them, rather
than using the language of heroism to reward them. The COVID-19 epidemic has
increased the general public's and mainstream media's awareness of the nursing
profession. For instance, the number of news stories regarding nurses in the
media increased threefold during March and April 2020 compared to the same
period the year before (COVID-19 was designated a pandemic by the World
Health Organization in March 2020). Because of the crucial role that critical care

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nurses played in the response to the COVID-19 epidemic, this growth has been
particularly noticeable for the critical care specialty. One prominent aspect of
their elevated stature was the inclination to refer to nurses as "angels" or
"heroes" collectively or individually. These designations are surely given to
nurses with the greatest of intentions in an effort to recognize their bravery,
compassion, and dedication. https://jme.bmj.com/content/46/8/510.abstract
Moreover, the healthcare workers in the Philippines heed distress calls as
revealed in another correspondence published. The healthcare system was
judged to have operated beyond its capability. As a result, healthcare
professionals felt weak physically and even experienced emotional distress. If
healthcare workers were not in good physical and mental condition, their reaction
to COVID-19 would be lessened. In addition to their own well-being, healthcare
personnel often do not receive the compensation they are due for the services
they provide. A state-run hospital's labor union staged rallies in order to press the
government to take action and release hazard compensation that had been
promised six months prior to the time of this writing. However, the Department of
Health assured the medical staff in a statement that the money will be available
for them to collect right now. In a recent correspondence, the need to prioritize
healthcare workers must be highlighted and must be given with utmost attention
by the government to respond efficaciously to COVID-19 patients. Without

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prioritization, negative and injurious effects are seen as a result. In a
comprehensive literature review currently conducted, there is an increased
mortality among doctors and other healthcare workers that has been related to
COVID-19. Various factors have been studied such as age, gender, and
specialty. The lack of information and training in response to COVID-19 has also
been an underlying factor making most healthcare workers unprepared.
However, this disease is still evolving. Other factors were recommended to be
studied in the protection of the healthcare workers (Punsalan, 2021).
Health Programs. The article from Child Hope Philippines discusses the
organization's health programs, which provide medical and health-related
services to street children in the country. The programs include medical
missions, nutritional interventions, and health education initiatives. The article
emphasizes the importance of addressing the health needs of marginalized
communities, particularly children who lack access to basic health care services.
Child Hope Philippines' health programs provide a much-needed lifeline
for street children in the country, who often lack access to basic healthcare
services due to poverty, homelessness, and social exclusion. The organization's
health interventions, which include medical missions, nutritional support, and
health education, are crucial in addressing the health needs of this vulnerable
population. The article emphasizes the importance of community-based

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approaches to health care delivery, which involve working closely with local
communities and engaging them in the design and implementation of health
programs. By empowering communities and building their capacity to address
health issues, such programs can help ensure that healthcare services are
accessible, appropriate, and sustainable over the long term. Being healthy is
necessary for our ability to enjoy life and earn money to live. But not everyone
enjoys the luxury of maintaining good health, at least not when handling multiple
obligations. Because of this, a lot of Filipinos especially children are
malnourished. Thankfully, the Philippines has health programs that help with
addressing this issue. Considering that the current healthcare system may be
thought of as a system of organizations and is dynamic and uncertain, it is
extremely challenging for us to research the behaviors, patterns, and laws of
healthcare systems using real-world scenarios. As a result, simulations are
effective tools for dealing with healthcare systems. Interactions between people,
businesses, and medical institutions are extremely complex. (Childhope
Philippines, n.d.)
Program (HFEP), which aims to improve the quality of health care
services in the country by upgrading health facilities and equipment, as well as
the "Philippine Health Agenda," which focuses on improving health outcomes
through disease prevention and health promotion. The health care programs in

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the Philippines, as discussed in the SlideShare presentation, are diverse and
cover a wide range of areas, from disease prevention and health promotion to
health system strengthening and service delivery. The Philippine Health Agenda,
for example, prioritizes health promotion and disease prevention through
initiatives such as the "Kalusugan Pangkalahatan" (Universal Health Care)
program, which aims to provide primary health care services to all Filipinos. The
Health Facilities Enhancement Program (HFEP), on the other hand, focuses on
improving the quality and accessibility of health care services by upgrading
health facilities and equipment. The presentation also highlights the role of
private sector initiatives, such as health insurance programs and corporate social
responsibility projects, in complementing government efforts to improve health
outcomes in the country. The summary of the law's provisions in the paper
includes information on its applicability, advantages, and funding sources. The
paper also emphasizes the government's dedication to provide all Filipinos with
access to universal health care services as well as its actions and reforms to
improve the country's healthcare system. It is the responsibility of the DOH
Family Health Office to put into action health initiatives focused on family health.
Health family programs must be developed, put into effect, and assessed by it.
The MCH Program in the Philippines, established by the World Health
Organization (WHO), collaborates with regional public health departments,

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community-based organizations, statewide institutions, and other healthcare
providers to deliver and guarantee the provision of high-quality healthcare
services to mothers, children, and families across the nation. The primary
objective of the program is to enhance the survival, health, and overall well-being
of every family member, while also striving to decrease illness and death rates
among families and communities. (Lopez, 2018)
The article from the Social Protection Toolbox discusses the Philippines'
health care program, particularly the "National Health Insurance Program" (NHIP)
implemented by the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth). The
HIP aims to provide affordable healthcare services to all Filipinos, especially the
poor and vulnerable sectors. The article highlights the program's benefits,
including free preventive services, subsidies for hospitalization and medical
expenses, and financial risk protection for families. The National Health
Insurance Program (NHIP) in the Philippines, implemented by the Philippine
Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth), has made significant progress in
expanding access to healthcare services for Filipinos, particularly the poor and
vulnerable sectors. According to the Social Protection Toolbox, the NHIP has
achieved a high enrolment rate, with over 95% of Filipinos covered by the
program as of 2021. The program has also improved the financial risk protection
of families, as evidenced by the reduction in out-of-pocket expenses for health

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care services. However, challenges remain in ensuring the quality and availability
of healthcare services, particularly in underserved areas. The NHIP also faces
financial sustainability issues, as rising healthcare costs and increased demand
for services put pressure on the program's funding. (Social Protection Toolbox,
2021)
Continuity Plan. According to Poland et.al (2020), In accordance with
repeated requests from a variety of sources, including Indigenous communities,
and as part of an eco-social approach to public health education, research, and
practice, the Ecological Determinants Group on Education urges the health
community to properly understand and address the importance of the ecological
determinants of the public's health. The ability to comprehend and adapt to the
quick changes that are impacting the biological systems that support all life,
including human life, will depend on our educational strategies. To promote a
healthy, equitable, and ecologically sustainable future, they urge a proactive
approach that ensures the ecological determinants of health are integrated into
public health education, practice, policy, and research. The health implications of
broad social and environmental change are placing new expectations on how the
public health sector will prepare for the future. Understanding and responding to
the degradation of the living systems on which all life depends, including human
well-being, is critical for public health education. While recognizing that

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educational reform is only part of the solution, it sees public health education as
a crucial driver of future practice, policy, and research, and hence a vital system
change lever. They suggest that a specific sort of educational and systemic
change is required when the health community understands the profound,
reciprocal links between the ecological, social, cultural, and economic elements
that influence health.
The study of J. P. Pascual and colleagues (2018) focused on the
continuity plan of a disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) program in
the municipality of Tanay, Rizal. The study found that the DRRM program, which
aimed to build community resilience against natural disasters, was effective in
reducing the impact of disasters on the community. The continuity plan of the
program included measures such as regular drills, early warning systems, and
community mobilization to ensure that the program could continue even during
emergencies. The authors emphasized the need for effective communication and
coordination among stakeholders, including local government units, community
leaders, and volunteers, to ensure the success of the continuity plan.
Jones (2019) stated that the health care providers in Delaware run the risk
of never being able to recover from calamities like natural disasters, human-
caused incidents, and malicious technological breaches unless they invest in
continuity planning. The best way for the company to avoid these and other

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hazards is through continuity planning. Delaware has an extensive and diverse
for-profit healthcare delivery system that consists of a number of different
elements, including hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, home health services,
doctor's offices, diagnostic centers, specialist care treatment centers, mental and
behavioral health, and others. In 2019, the US Department of Labor and
Infogroup, a top supplier of data and data-driven marketing solutions, discovered
that three of Delaware's top five largest employers were healthcare
organizations, employing around 20,000 people in total. Public and nonprofit
organizations, such as Federally Qualified Health Centers, sections of the
Delaware Department of Health and Social Services, and others, need to plan for
continuity on an equal basis to their for-profit counterparts in order to prevent
tragedy.
Research Literature
This part discusses the ongoing studies that are related to the current
study.
Quality of health. Universal health coverage is an important and noble
objective. Enshrined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), universal
health coverage aims to provide health security and universal access to essential
care services without financial hardship to individuals, families, and communities,

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thus enabling a transition to more productive and equitable societies and
economies. But universal health coverage should not be discussed and planned,
let alone implemented, without a focus on quality. It is essential to ensure that
care is effective, safe, and in keeping with the preference and needs of the
people and communities being served. Further, the provision of care should be
timely and equitable across populations, coordinated across the continuum of
care and throughout the life course, while minimizing resource waste. Quality is
not a prerogative of high-income countries. If countries can afford to provide any
health care and even the poorest can and should do so they must provide care of
good quality. The alternative poor-quality care is not only harmful but also wastes
precious resources that can be invested in other important drivers of social and
economic development to improve the lives of citizens. Billions of dollars are
spent on the consequences of poor-quality care money that can fund schools,
social services, and infrastructure. And poor quality can also undermine the trust
of the population in the benefits of modern medicine. Seen this way, universal
health coverage without the quality of care is a job half done. (OECD Publishing,
2018)
According to Springer Publishing Company (2021), The reasons why we
need to improve the healthcare quality is First, patients deserve high-quality
healthcare. Our healthcare quality management efforts should be focused on the

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views and experiences of the patient. Next, healthcare professionals, including
nonclinical managers, have an ethical duty to assure high-quality medical care.
From this ethical perspective, healthcare quality management should simply be
thought of as a necessary part of normal healthcare operations. Finally,
organizational survival depends on it. Where competition is most intense,
healthcare quality management implementation is highest. In other words, quality
management creates a competitive advantage for healthcare organizations that
improve quality; those organizations that fail to perform will cease to exist.
According to Reneè and Rahul (2021), To best serve our patients, we
have to continually look for innovative approaches to drive care delivery, within
the framework of safe and quality care. We do this by learning from other
industries, other hospitals, and the overall academic literature. We take known
strategies and implement these to improve care. In doing so, we quickly realized
that we are missing an opportunity to educate colleagues, support staff, board
members, and, ultimately, patients. Our ultimate aim is to create a high-reliability
organization. High-reliability organizations (HOs) "operate under very trying
conditions all the time and yet manage to have fewer than their fair share of
accidents ." Achieving the outcomes of the goal would be the holy grail of care
delivery; as a patient, I want this and expect it. As a healthcare system, we owe it
to our patients and community to strive for reliability. Weick and Sutcliffe's easy-

2
to-read book has become the mantra in healthcare organizations that strive to
deliver optimal and safe care using their high-reliability principles. Behaviors
associated with high-reliability organizations include preoccupation with failure,
sensitivity to operations, reluctance to simplify interpretations, deference to
expertise, and commitment to resilience. These are absolutely nonnegotiable
tenets in a healthcare setting and deserve highlighting. Preoccupation with failure
involves a culture that encourages the identification of work processes that raise
concern for potential failure.
Health Worker. Health Workers are valuable, key members of the
healthcare and public health professions. The Community Health Worker (CHW)
is defined as a frontline public health worker who is a trusted member of and/or
has an unusually close understanding of the community served. This trusting
relationship enables the worker to serve as an intermediary between
health/social services and the community to facilitate access to services and
improve service delivery quality and cultural competence. By enhancing health
literacy and self-sufficiency through a variety of activities like outreach,
community education, informal counselling, social support, and advocacy, a
community health worker also strengthens the ability of individuals and
communities. Moreover, Indigenous members from a community love their
community and want to see people’s health and lives improve so they give

2
unselfishly of their time and energy not because it's a job but because it's a work
of love for them. CHWs do everything from holding hands when someone is sick
to calling thirty agencies to assist a resident with a particular need (Mayfield-
Johnson et al., 2021).
Furthermore, Health workers have specialized knowledge and experience
with individual, family, and community needs, as well as cultural characteristics,
behaviors, and attitudes. Further, CHWs fill an intermediary or bridge function by
explaining the complexities of the health, social service, and public health
systems to help their community members better understand and access
services more readily. Similarly, CHWs educate and communicate about
individuals and communities with providers, organizations, and systems. Cultures
and needs to assist the service delivery system in providing higher-quality,
culturally appropriate services to clients and patients. As mentioned by Mayfield-
Johnson et al., 2021 CHWs build individual and community capacity by
increasing individual, family, and community self-sufficiency and health
knowledge; improving collaboration between service delivery agencies and the
community; and influencing attitudes and practices through a variety of activities,
roles, and skills. To strengthen this point, The Patient Protection and Affordable
Care Act (ACA) formally recognized CHWs as important members of the

2
healthcare workforce who provide direct outreach services and build individual
and community capacity.
According to Winters et al.,2021 over a decade ago, the World Health
Organization (WHO) identified a severe shortage of healthcare workers in the
global health workforce with rural and low-income settings being
disproportionately affected by Global Health Workforce Alliance (GHWA).
Simultaneously, emerging evidence suggested that the deployment of community
health workers (CHWs) in these areas was helping to increase access to basic
healthcare, particularly for underserved population groups. More than a decade
later, as highlighted by the Ebola outbreak in West Africa and the worldwide
Covid-19 pandemic, CHWs have become an essential part of an increasingly
stretched, yet interconnected, global health workforce. In many ways, the Covid-
19 pandemic laid bare the stark health equity gaps between the poorest and
most vulnerable and those who can afford access to healthcare, not just in low-
resource settings, but all around the world. In the end, CHWs' job is to close this
gap and strengthen healthcare systems by connecting and helping those who
have little or no access to formal medical care. A versatile and adaptable CHW
workforce is necessary to effectively address the ever-changing demands of local
communities, resource and staff shortages, and new public health concerns.

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According to the WHO's 2019 report, more than half of the world's
population lacks access to basic healthcare services. Many people never
encounter a health professional in their lifetimes. Most of those who do in rural
areas will go straight to front-line healthcare providers, frequently community
health workers (CHW). Many people in low-income nations who seek out health
services first meet CHWs. Governments, development partners, civil society
organizations, and research and academic institutions have all expressed a clear
need for scaling up CHW programs and a commitment to integrating CHW
programs into health systems and harmonizing their actions accordingly,
according to the WHO Guideline on Health Policy and System Support to
Optimize Community Health Worker Programs (p. 19).
Community health worker (CHW) programs are undergoing a resurgence.
The last decade has seen both the introduction as well as the reinvigoration of
national CHW programs in many low and middle-income countries. As health
workers who seek to integrate, shape, and improve these programs, there is
growing interested in how national CHW programs have been performing in other
settings. The research based on the efficacy of community-based interventions
has grown quickly in tandem with the rise in the number of CHW programs. Since
properly trained and supervised CHWs can be just as effective at implementing
some interventions as facility-based providers, and because achieving high

2
levels of coverage of important evidence-based interventions in underserved
populations requires the development, strengthening, and support of CHWs,
CHWs will play a growing role in health systems and in the delivery of medical
care services. Policymakers will be able to use the current evidence base to
generate guidelines for CHW programs and suggest other study areas if the
present evidence is systematized. In contrast to small-scale, typically NGO-run
efforts, national CHW programs integrated within the national health system have
the potential to achieve universal coverage. Such integrated large-scale CHW
projects can benefit from the federal and state governments' regulatory and
administrative resources, which are required to hire, train, and sustain a large
cadre of CHWs. Even though small-scale NGO programs sometimes rely on less
long-term, less sustainable funding, nationally integrated programs can benefit
from more sustainable programming assistance.
Health program. According to Harris, M. J. (2016). When a community or
individual identifies a public health problem among a population, steps are taken
to understand the problem. These steps constitute community assessments,
which define the problem using qualitative and quantitative measures. They
assess the extent of the problem, who is most affected, and the individual and
environmental factors that may be contributing to and exacerbating the problem.
Community assessments determine the activities that will potentially lead to a

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change in the factors that put the population at risk of disease and disability.
Programs are planned and implemented based on the findings of the community
assessment and the resources available. The unified body of individuals may
occur in homes, workplaces, or houses of worship, and community assessments
may be expanded to also include assessing organizational structures through
which initiatives are developed. The health or social concern may be influenced
by a variety of factors at the individual, interpersonal, community, organizational,
or policy level. Initiatives may also be based on the development of a public or
organizational policy that also addresses a public health concern. Programs may
modify the environment to improve access to conditions that support health, such
as improving conditions for walking in a community or improving access to fresh
produce. At the organizational level, factors that influence access to services
may be subject to development and training, and related initiatives. Initiatives can
also develop or change public policy so that more people can have health
insurance and improved access to health care. Another policy that you are no
doubt familiar with is the seatbelt policy that was enacted to reduce the risk of
injury and mortality associated with vehicular accidents. An initiative or
intervention may have multiple components such as activities, programs, or
policies associated with it. One example is the prevention of the onset of
diabetes, which requires a multipronged intervention for those at risk. Individual

2
components of the initiative may include physical education and policies that
increase the availability of fresh produce and access to opportunities for physical
activities. In addition, access to health care to ensure that screening is available
and case management and care when needed is a critical component of assuring
health. Evaluating a multipronged initiative requires assessing both process and
outcomes for each component as well as assessing the overall effect of the
initiative on preventing diabetes among the target population. Evaluation
activities may occur at multiple points on a continuum, from planning the
initiative, through implementation, to assessing the effect on the populations
served and meeting the goals outlined in the Healthy People objectives (U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, 2020). The Healthy People
documents identify the most significant preventable threats to health and
establish national goals to reduce these threats. Individuals, groups, and
organizations are encouraged to integrate the Healthy People objectives into the
development of initiatives. In addition, businesses can use the framework to build
worksite health-promotion activities; schools and colleges can undertake
programs and activities to improve the health of students and staff. Healthcare
providers can encourage their patients to pursue healthy lifestyles; community-
based organizations and civic and faith-based organizations can develop
initiatives to address health issues in a community, especially among hard-to-

2
reach populations, and to ensure that everybody has access to information and
resources for healthy living. Determining the effectiveness of the implementation
of programs and policies and the impact of such initiatives on the population that
is reached is the task of program- or policy-evaluation activities. Although
evaluation activities may use different approaches, their function is similar across
disciplines. Formative evaluation is the appropriate approach during the program
planning and development phase of an initiative; process monitoring and
evaluation are useful during the implementation phase and when the evaluation
aims to understand what went into the program and how well it is being
implemented. Outcome evaluations are carried out after programs have been in
place for a time and are considered stable: such an evaluation can assess the
effect of a program or policy on individuals or a community. Outcome evaluation
aims to understand whether a program was effective and achieved what it set out
to accomplish. Impact evaluation is the last stage of the evaluation continuum. It
is used when multiple programs and policy initiatives affect the quality of life of a
large population over a long period.
Health promotion and health promotion programs are based on the World
Health Organization's (1947) definition of health as "a state of complete physical,
mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or

2
infirmity." While most of us can identify when we are sick or have some infirmity,
identifying the characteristics of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
can be challenging. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion was released in
1986 by the inaugural International Conference on Health Promotion, which was
held in Ottawa, Canada, and defined health from a broader viewpoint. "Health
has been considered less as an abstract state and more as a means to an end,
which can be expressed in functional terms as a resource that permits people to
lead an individually, socially, and economically productive life" (World Health
Organization, 1986). As a result, in this perspective, health is a resource for daily
life rather than the goal of existence. It is a positive idea that emphasizes social,
personal, and physical resources. Arnold and Breen defined health not just as a
state of well-being, but also as a balanced state, growth, functioning,
completeness, transcendence, empowerment, and a resource. One of the most
common perspectives on health is that it is a balanced condition between the
individual, agents (such as bacteria, viruses, and poisons), and the environment.
Most people realize that periodically the host-agent interaction becomes
imbalanced, and the human is no longer able to fend off the agent (for example,
when germs overwhelm a person's natural defenses, causing the individual to
become ill). Health promotion programs provide planned, coordinated, and
structured activities and events across time to assist individuals in making

2
educated health decisions. Policy, environmental, regulatory, organizational, and
legislative changes are promoted through health promotion initiatives at various
levels of government and organizations. By design, these two complementary
forms of interventions achieve particular goals to enhance the health of people
and, perhaps, all persons at a location. By integrating interventions in an
integrated, systemic way, health promotion programs take use of their crucial
position within schools, colleges, universities, businesses, healthcare institutions,
and communities to reach children, adults, and families. Health promotion
programs are meant to work with a priority population, a specified group of
people who share certain characteristics linked to the health issue being
addressed. Programs are designed, executed, and evaluated to improve the
health of a certain population. Gathering information on a priority population's
health issues, needs, knowledge, attitudes, abilities, and goals relating to the
illness focus is the foundation of every effective program. Finally, health
promotion programs are concerned with preventing the root causes of poor
health and lack of well-being caused by discrimination, racism, or environmental
assaults--in other words, the social determinants of health--during the planning
stage.
The Community Extension Office of the Lyceum of the Philippines
University adheres to the viewpoint and philosophy of Dr. Jose P. Laurel, who

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believes in human dignity and the liberty of man to gain respect and resilience.
As a result, the institution tends to promote this goal as well as initiatives that
give chances to the less fortunate individuals in the community. According to
Republic Act 7722, also known as The Commission on Higher Education,
institutions of higher learning such as State Universities and Colleges (SUCs)
and private higher education are required to react to the need for societal reform.
The purpose of this legislation is to promote higher education to give service to
the poor and less fortunate, as well as deprived and oppressed individuals who
require assistance in any aspect of their well-being. Schools and colleges offer a
variety of extension programs to help the community and better their lives. The
design of these services is aimed at improving livelihoods, decreasing poverty
and uneducated people, and mitigating the effect on health, as well as
government support that preserves the essence of development and protects the
environment from pollution and abuse. Furthermore, those who are technically
poor may be empowered via health and environmental education and resources.
Make their voices known and persuade the government to extend their programs
to address their needs. It began with the generosity of LPU leaders and the CFC
religious organization when newly constructed houses were initially granted to 10
homeless families, who were given the opportunity to live in a good environment.
Those families passed the criterion to inhabit the house. There are certain

2
requirements, such as the fact that once they are ready to live independently,
they will construct their own house and leave to offer to another family an
opportunity who are now unable to build their own house. They must also be
Roman Catholic and married. Couples for Christ Foundation for Family and Life
(CFC-FFL) and Lyceum of the Philippines University (LPU) through its
Community Extension Office collaborated on this initiative. The College of
Nursing's community extension program focuses on the following programs:
medical mission, health assessment and vital sign taking, feeding program, care
of mother and child, herbal medication, and Christmas present giving. Faculty
and students visit the adopted community, SHL Restoration Village, on a regular
basis. The fundamental mission of the College of Nursing community extension
as a health provider is to educate people. The act of volunteerism requires
dedication and devotion to be with community people.
According to Karibeeran and Kuruvilla (2018), kids are encouraged to
participate in community extensions or activities since they need to be exposed
to such things in order to enhance their community consciousness. This will help
them grasp the real-life experiences of others and make them aware of the value
of assisting others. Their decision-making is still limited owing to their youth, but
being able to participate in such activities can deepen their understanding of how
their influence can bring control to the local community's development

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possibilities. Community Extension Program is a program that encourages
people to learn something new in a new way. Through these, the people in the
community must be a participant in improving health, not simply a spectator.
They will be able to explore ideas for how they can benefit the community by
working in teams and groups. And the creation of community extension programs
aids in the development of such abilities in pupils. The College of Lyceum of the
Philippines University's Community Extension Program is a volunteer effort. Their
goals are to help students develop community awareness and leadership skills
and to adhere to the mission and vision statement of Lyceum of the Philippines
University. The administration, professors, staff, and development programs work
together to create and improve experiential learning, individual engagement,
enlightened social consciousness, and care for others. SHL Restoration Village is
a recreation area in SHL. Lyceum creates activities and opportunities to foster
social awareness, personal internalization, and important nation-building
contributions. True to its basic principles of God-centeredness, social justice, and
environmental conscience, Lyceum of the Philippines University fulfills its goal to
consistently raise living standards not only via great education but also by
delivering assistance to those in need. Healthy individuals in the community are a
learning community; they serve as the standard for all community initiatives. To
assess the deterrent of one community, a specific procedure of analyzing the

2
impact of every program conducted is necessary; hence, program execution
should be based on what the entire community requires and its sustenance.
Community partners must recognize that developing a healthy community must
engage the people of the community and instill in them the purpose of keeping
the community viable even when support is no longer available. In this regard,
after many years of existence, the researchers would want to assess the impact
of all programs offered by the College of Nursing in order to determine which
programs are beneficial and which are not.
Continuity Plan. Waver (2019) stated that the Community-Based
Distribution model whether it is health or family planning, represents a vital,
timely, and efficient way of service delivery. Training and supervision must be
developed for the challenges of each task, and process evaluation must be done
to assess the efficiency of the components needed to carry out each activity. The
Workshop on Health and Family Planning Components in Community-Based
Distribution Projects provided an opportunity for field staff, donor organizations,
and academics to exchange ideas. The meeting's papers, discussions, and
conclusions are the result of many years of experience and research. It is hoped
that they will serve to guide future CBD programs and encourage additional
agencies and institutions around the world to investigate the potential of
community-based service delivery. Future CBD Operations Research activities

2
will also be required to better define ideal outreach, training, supervision,
logistics, record-keeping, and evaluation procedures. Given the CBD approach's
multiple advantages, particularly in rural areas of less developed nations, present
and future initiatives to improve this mode of service delivery will play an
essential role in boosting global access to health and family planning. To avoid
changing attention away from interventions with the highest project priority, keep
the program focused on a small number of activities and phase in additional
interventions gradually. The constant phasing of initiatives provides project
adaptability and may help to keep workers and the community motivated. Most
significantly, it allows staff as well as patients to master the treatment and allows
program administrators to guarantee that the logistical and supervisory
processes are in good condition before presenting new interventions.
It is important to note that service continuity planning is not a stand-alone
exercise, it is rather a component of wider health system resilience efforts.
Service continuity plans should be aligned with national health security
preparedness strategy and harmonized with hazard-specific plans and broader
national and subnational health security and health sector plans, to ensure a
coordinated response by all stakeholders. Service continuity plans should be
developed in coherence with the emergency preparedness and response plans
at local, subnational, and national levels for a systematic and integrated

2
approach to building the resilience of health services. In this document, planning
is envisioned as a process rather than a tangible product itself. The plan itself
should not be regarded as the only essence of the service continuity planning,
but rather as one element among the set of planning activities. (WHO 2021)
It should be assumed that the medical system will be impacted by the
disaster, and that medical services may become a scarce resource. Maintaining
the health of those who perform Essential Functions is a priority in ensuring that
these functions can continue to be performed, and in turn, ensuring the continuity
of critical infrastructure. Continuity planning should include healthcare access for
essential employees, and continuity planners should work with local healthcare
providers to identify ways in which essential employees can obtain healthcare
when needed without undue disruption to the performance of essential tasks.
Personnel may have difficulty obtaining necessary medications and needed
health supplies when a disaster disrupts transportation and the supply chain.
This can in turn impact the performance of essential employees. Continuity
planners should consider this in resource planning, and identify means by which
these employees can obtain needed medications and health supplies in the
event of long-term community disruption. (John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2021)

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Synthesis
The current study is similar to an article from Child Hope Philippines, a
non-profit organization that offers medical and health-related services to street
children. Both studies focus on the organization's health interventions, which are
essential in addressing the needs of a vulnerable population, including children.
This includes medical missions, nutritional support, and health education. The
studies examined the different types of sustainable and enduring healthcare
initiatives in Barangay Bukal, Lemery, Batangas and the opinions of the locals.
Understanding the programs would help to assess the effectiveness and
competitiveness of the local healthcare system. Both relate to the methods of
providing health care, involving them in the development and application of
health care.
According to Valore Crooks, an important element of negotiating life with a
chronic illness, for many, is seeking out information that can be used to come to
a greater understanding of one's changed/changing body and possible treatment
options. Meanwhile, the current study aims to gain a better understanding of the
various situations and health statuses in a community. Both their study and the
current study hope to create a platform for educating and empowering people by
providing information about their health problems. Concerns about the potential
negative effects of patients using independently retrieved web-based health

2
information remain. The goal of this review was to further evaluate the quality of
web-based health information geared to patients and the public, stratified by
health problems and kindness (Daraz, 2019).
According to Chiew et al (2020), the hospital, as a site of health services,
must provide quality services; thus, the hospital is obligated to improve service
quality. This is similar to the current studies in that the health care in Brgy Bukal
should be of high quality to ensure that health investments are equitable,
especially in life-threatening situations. Furthermore, the studies emphasized the
importance of understanding that the provider must be able to satisfy its
customers by meeting their needs. According to the findings, the quality of good
health services, which includes dependability, accuracy, responsiveness, and
empathy, is what service users expect.
Arnold and Breen’s study affirmed that health is not just a state of well-
being, but a balanced state, growth, functioning, completeness, transcendence,
empowerment, and a resource. Meanwhile, Arnold and Breen stated that health
is a balanced state, growth, functioning, completeness, transcendence,
empowerment, and a resource. According to the studies, health is a balanced
condition between the individual, agents, and environment, and interventions
help to achieve specific goals to improve the health of people in a certain
location. The study uncovered remarkable health promotion programs aimed at

2
preventing the root causes of poor health and a lack of well-being and are
intended to improve the health of a specific population. As a result, this study is
similar to the current study.
According to Mayfield-Johnson et al., (2021), the CHWs do everything
from holding hands when someone is sick to calling thirty agencies to assist a
resident with a particular need. CHWs help their community members better
understand and access services by explaining the complexities of the health,
social service, and public health systems. CHWs ensure maximum productivity,
by improving collaboration between service delivery agencies and the community
and influencing attitudes and practices through a variety of skills. The service
delivery system in providing higher-quality, culturally appropriate services to
clients and patients marked a significant relationship and similarity in this and the
current study.
The study by Harris M. stated that when a community or individual notices
a public health issue among a population, steps are taken to comprehend the
issue. It was important to specify the precise quantitative or qualitative
measurement that is most useful in identifying a problem that underlies
community assessments. Both of the studies focused on the requirement for
community assessments to identify the actions that may change a population's
risk of disease. The level of the individual, interpersonal relationship, community,

2
organization, or policy can also play a significant role in health issues, they
added. Furthermore, program- or policy-evaluation activities are responsible for
determining the effectiveness of program and policy implementation, as well as
the impact of such initiatives on the population that is reached.

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CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, the respondents of the study,
the data gathering instrument, the data gathering procedure, and the sampling
technique employed in the treatment of the gathered data.
Research Design
The researchers made use of a descriptive method to describe the
assessment of the residents in the health programs that occurred in their
barangay.
According to Siedlecki and Sandra (2020), descriptive research is
describing individuals, events, or conditions by studying them as they are in
nature. Descriptive studies look at the characteristics of a population, identify
problems that exist within a unit, an organization, or a population; or look at
variations in characteristics or practices between institutions or even countries.
Harbin (2022) stated that the researchers examining a variety of public
policies could use descriptive research as a technique to learn more about the
processes involved in vicarious learning in the political sphere. Researchers
could keep tabs on how often people use the experiences of those in their social
network to support their political beliefs, and they could use this information to

2
create an organization of formally significant relationships from which they could
derive theories about the relationship between the degree of intimacy and
frequency of contact.
Additionally, according to Bhat (2023), descriptive research is an approach
to conducting research that involves a thorough description of the attributes and
qualities of the population or phenomenon studies. Also, this refers to research
inquiries or questions, the design of the study, and the analysis of gathered data
related to the specific subject.
Respondents of the Study
The study conducted by the researchers was composed of six (6)
residents of Barangay Bukal, Lemery, Batangas as their respondents. The
respondents answered the questions based on their views as well as their
experience. The majority of results have been satisfied with the health programs
presented and stipulated in their barangay. They have been carefully selected by
the researchers as qualified individuals who will share their knowledge and
viewpoints on the subject matter at hand.
Data Gathering Instruments
In order to gather the data for the study, the researchers used interviews
as their main research tool. In this study, a structured interview format was used,

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using a set of predetermined interview questions. The interviews were conducted
in-person, ensuring more reliable results and fostering active engagement and
connection between the interviewees and participants.
Structured Interview. To understand the assessment of residents in the
health programs of Barangay Bukal, Lemery, Batangas, the researchers utilize
the interview as a method of gathering information. This method was chosen by
the researchers since it will enable them to gather information as well as
thoughts that will support their research. The researchers have written letters to
be given to the experts in order to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the
interview procedure. To make sure that the procedure was reliable, the
researchers considered the expert's viewpoints and recommendations. The
researchers seek to enhance the interviews' efficiency and effectiveness in
precisely obtaining information about the resident’s assessment in Barangay
Bukal, Lemery, Batangas.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers followed specific procedures and measures to guarantee
accuracy in acquiring information about the residents' concerns and healthcare
problems within Barangay Bukal, Lemery, Batangas. A letter of approval was

2
handed over to the barangay head and the following health workers from the
barangay.
A total of six individuals were carefully selected as the researcher’s
respondents. The researchers placed the time and effort to generate questions
for each group. These questions were verified by the subject's instructor and by
an expert. Before interviewing the people of interest, the researchers remind
them that they should say the truth based on their personal experiences. The
researcher discloses the respondents of the significance of their involvement in
this study. To get the best answers from participants, researchers also clarify
some terms.
After the respondents provide input, the data collected is transcribed.
Methods for analyzing data such as purposive sampling were used by the
researchers.
Sampling procedure
The researchers used a purposive technique as the sampling procedure of
the study. Six individuals have been selected from the residents of Barangay
Bukal, Lemery Batangas. The residents are the primary recipients and are
exposed to the health services occurring in their barangay. They are chosen as

2
the researchers believe that they will provide wider ideas and accurate
information that are highly needed for the study.
Ashley Crossman (2020) said that purposive sampling is a non-probability
sample that is selected based on the characteristics of a population and the
objective of the study. It is also known as judgmental, selective, or subjective
sampling. This type can be very useful in situations when you need to reach a
targeted sample quickly, and where sampling for proportionality is not the main
concern.

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CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of the data gathered
by the researchers. This also includes the proposed solution to the problems that
the researchers attempted to answer in the course of the study.
1. The Description of Residents to the Health Programs of Barangay
Bukal, Lemery, Batangas.
Health Programs refer to the offering or management services pertaining
to health and coverage for health-related expenses. It also includes insurance
that the government offers to the community.
Table 1 presents the different health programs being offered by the
Barangay Bukal, Lemery, Batangas which were described by the respondents.

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Table 1
Description of the Different Health Programs by the Residents of Barangay
Bukal, Lemery, Batangas
Respondents
Respondent 1 “They are providing us a different health program like
vaccination, check-ups for pregnant women, and feeding
program”
Respondent 2 “For me, the health programs that the residents of Barangay
Bukal Lemery, Batangas are currently using are the vaccines.
In connection with Daycare are the immunization records, as
this is the main requirement of our office for admission to
Daycare.”
Respondent 3 “We are being provided free vitamins and food, or what is
known as a feeding program, for malnourished children. “

2
Respondent 4 “The health programs that our barangay provides to us are
vaccination for senior citizens, PWDs, Immunization for
babies, conducting a survey for people that might be
experiencing symptoms of COVID-19, and daily check-ups for
pregnant women.”
Respondent 5 “Monthly injection for babies, Monthly check-up for pregnant.”
Respondent 6 "Medical, providing children vaccine injections then giving
them vitamin A and medicine for deworming.’’
The researchers learned about the many health initiatives being offered
by the Barangay Bukal in Lemery, Batangas. One of the common health services
they provide is the immunization program. Aside from the various vaccinations,
they also offer other programs including monthly prenatal checkups for pregnant
women, vitamin management, and feeding programs. Utilizing modern
technology aids in meeting community requirements. The barangay officials are
better able to offer complete and effective health services to their inhabitants by
cooperating to achieve common goals.
Lartey et al. (2019) stated that the community-based health programs,
including vaccination and maternal and such child health services, have been
shown to improve health outcomes in low and middle-income countries. The

2
study found that interventions that involve community participation and
engagement are more effective in improving health outcomes compared to those
that rely solely on health professionals. In addition, community-based programs
have been shown to be cost-effective and sustainable in the long-term.
The Health Facilities Enhancement Program (HFEP) aims to improve the
quality and accessibility of healthcare services through the modernization of
medical facilities and equipment. This emphasizes how private sector activities,
such as health insurance plans and CSR initiatives, may support national health
improvement efforts made by the government. The responsibility of the DOH
Family Health Office is to develop programs, put into effect, and assess them. Its
main goal is to improve each family member's in the community to reduce illness,
chances of survival, health, and general well-being. (Lopez, 2018)
According to Karibeeran and Kuruvilla (2018) kids are encouraged to
participate in community extensions or activities since they need to be exposed
to such things in order to enhance their community consciousness. This will help
them grasp the real-life experiences of others and make them aware of the value
of assisting others. Their decision-making is still limited owing to their youth, but
being able to participate in such activities can deepen their understanding of how
their influence can bring control to the local community's development
possibilities.

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Thus, based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that health
programs implemented by barangays have a positive impact on the health and
well-being of their residents. These programs increase awareness and
knowledge of health issues among community members, highlighting the
importance of community engagement and participation in health promotion. It is
therefore crucial
for local government units to prioritize community-based health programs in their
health agenda, especially in the context of current vaccination programs. By
doing so, they can effectively address the health needs of their constituents and
improve overall health outcomes in their communities.
2. Common Issues faced by the Residents to the Health Programs of
Barangay Bukal, Lemery, Batangas.
Based on the data that have been gathered and analyzed by the
researchers, the common issue that the residents of barangay Bukal, Lemery,
Batangas have is the lack of cooperation and the lack of medical equipment.
Table 2 provides the common issues that the residents of barangay Bukal,
Lemery, Batangas is facing.

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Table 2.
Common Issues faced by the Residents to the Health Programs of
Barangay Bukal, Lemery, Batangas.
Respondents
Respondent 1 “The Barangay Health Workers implemented a vaccination
program and they consistently keep us informed about it
through utilizing modern communication methods such as
messenger and group chats but some of our co-residents do
not cooperate to our barangay health workers which affects
our community.’’
Respondent 2 “We may have been hesitant about the programs they
implemented at first but by clearly explaining the benefits we
can gain from these initiatives, they have successfully
convinced us to trust and support the programs being offered

2
here in our barangay.”
Respondent 3 “Based on my personal experience, I think the lack of medical
equipment is one of the problems that our barangay have in
terms of the health programs. Lack of medical equipments
sometimes affect the efficiency of the health programs.’’
Respondent 4 “We have medical missions that make us satisfied with the
actions and progress of the barangay. On the other hand, not
everyone can be pleased, there are people that are not that
happy since there is a lack of equipment so we are hoping that
the municipality provides a more progressive and productive
machinery.”
Respondent 5 “For me, having not enough budget sometimes especially for
the advanced medical equipment is one of the problem that
our barangay have since it could also affect the residents’’
Respondent 6 “I know some people here are terrified because they fear how
injections will make them feel but as for me, I evaluate the
health programs being assessed as effective and very
helpful.“

2
The residents of Barangay Bukal have embraced the use of modern
communication methods to stay consistently informed about various health
programs and initiatives. With the invention of technology, channels such as
social media platforms and text messages have been utilized to disseminate
important health information to the residents. This ensures that they are well-
informed about ongoing health campaigns, preventive measures, vaccination
drives, and other relevant healthcare updates.
The residents have come to recognize the expertise and knowledge of the
health workers who serve their community. Consequently, the residents have
developed a sense of trust in the health workers, relying on their
recommendations and guidance to make informed choices regarding their
healthcare. The trust they have for them has been particularly evident during the
COVID-19 pandemic. As health workers provided accurate and reliable
information about the COVID-19 vaccine, addressing concerns and
misconceptions, residents gradually developed confidence in the vaccination
campaign. The health workers' efforts to establish open lines of communication,
patiently answering questions, and addressing doubts have played a crucial role
in dispelling initial hesitations.
The effectiveness of these programs can be seen through the
improvements in the overall health of the residents. They appreciate the positive

2
changes these brought, as they have directly experienced the benefits in terms of
their enhanced well-being.
According to Reneè and Rahul (2021), To best serve our patients, we
have to continually look for innovative approaches to drive care delivery, within
the framework of safe and quality care. We do this by learning from other
industries, other hospitals, and the overall academic literature. We take known
strategies and implement these to improve care. Our ultimate aim is to create a
high-reliability organization. High-reliability organizations (HOs) operate under
very trying conditions all the time and yet manage to have fewer than their fair
share of accidents. Achieving the outcomes in the goal would be the holy grail of
care delivery; as a patient, I want this and expect it. As a healthcare system, we
owe it to our patients and community to strive for reliability. Wick and Sutcliffe's
easy-to-read book has become a mantra in healthcare organizations that strive to
deliver optimal and safe care using their high reliability principles. Behaviors
associated with high-reliability organizations include preoccupation with failure,
sensitivity to operations, reluctance to simplify interpretations, deference to
expertise, and commitment to resilience. These are absolutely nonnegotiable
tenets in a healthcare setting and deserve highlighting.
According to Springer Publishing Company (2021), The reasons why we
need to improve the healthcare quality is First, patients deserve high-quality

2
healthcare. Our healthcare quality management efforts should be focused on the
views and experiences of the patient. Next, healthcare professionals, including
non clinical managers, have an ethical duty to assure high-quality medical care.
From this ethical perspective, healthcare quality management should simply be
thought of as a necessary part of normal healthcare operations. Finally,
organizational survival depends on it. Where competition is most intense,
healthcare quality management implementation is highest. In other words, quality
management creates a competitive advantage for healthcare organizations that
improve quality; those organizations that fail to perform will cease to exist.
The objective of health services is to achieve a level of public health that
satisfies the needs and expectations of the community (consumer satisfaction)
through efficient services delivered by service providers who also satisfy their
own needs and expectations (provider satisfaction) in well-structured institutions.
The interaction of the two basic pillars of health services are harmonious and
balanced results in satisfactory health care. Customer dissatisfaction with a
product is caused by six factors: not meeting expectations, the service while
enjoying unsatisfactory services, unsatisfactory personal behavior, an
unsatisfactory atmosphere and physical environment, high cost, and promotion
that does not correspond to reality. As a result, the provider must be able to give
satisfaction to its customers, for example, by providing higher quality products,

2
cheaper and better services. If a product can meet the needs of its clients, it is
said to be of high quality. Moreover, understanding client demands and
satisfaction (customer requirements) is critical. The expectation of service users
is the quality of good health campaign which includes reliability and the ability to
provide help immediately, accurately, and at a satisfactory level, as well as
responsiveness, as they must be polite and master their skills given, have
attention empathy, good communication, understand the needs, and listen to
patient complaints. These must be complemented by appealing and enjoyable
physical facilities for providing services and carrying out tasks. (Chiew et.al,
2020).
3. Proposed Plan of Action for the residents of Barangay Bukal, Lemery,
Batangas.
This research may help pinpoint the prevalent issues, drawbacks, and
unsatisfactory health care services that a resident encounters in Barangay Bukal,
Lemery Batangas. This paper can be utilized for recommending specific
initiatives to the people, especially in the health division of the stated barangay.
The study team's inferences aided in the formulation of the proposed activities.
Rationale

2
The evaluations in the study highlight various challenges in the field of
health care. Overall, the results of this study can be used to further develop the
proposed measures for the fulfillment of the rationale behind and the advantage
of other identified beneficiaries Some strategic plans must be developed and
implemented in order to benefit people and a more innovative system. This can
help guarantee people's security and accessibility.
Proposed Plan of Action
1. Community Encouragement: This program encourages people to
learn something about the health programs that the barangay is conducting.
Through this, the people must be a participant, not a spectator. They will be able
to explore ideas for how they can benefit the community by working in teams and
groups. It aids in the development of such abilities of residents.
2. Budget Plan: A budget plan will help ensure that there is enough
money to support the initiatives and keep them running effectively. It is also
important to regularly review and update the budget plan as needed. This will
help ensure that the health programs are adequately funded and that any
unforeseen expenses can be accounted for. By having a well-planned budget,
barangay health programs can operate more effectively and provide better care
to their communities.

2
3. Explore alternative resources: Under this plan is the Run for a Cause.
This fun run will be organized by officials and residents of barangay Bukal,
Lemery, Batangas. This is intended to reinforce its volunteer network as well as
boost awareness and funds for residents in need of health care. The money
raised from the fun run will go toward providing better medical equipment.
4. Long-term equipment planning: Develop a long-term equipment plan
to ensure regular upgrades and replacements. Consider the lifecycle of each
piece of equipment and factor in potential obsolescence or changing healthcare
needs. This proactive approach helps in budgeting for future equipment
requirements. Long-term equipment planning is essential for healthcare facilities
to ensure continuous access to modern and efficient medical equipment.
5. Barangay Health Emergency Response: This program can focus on
building the capacity of the barangay to respond to health emergencies and
disasters. It can include training programs for first responders and community
volunteers, the establishment of emergency response teams and communication
systems, and the provision of emergency kits and supplies. The program can
also collaborate with local hospitals and health facilities to ensure a coordinated
response to health emergencies.

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CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY, FINDINGS CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary of the study, findings, conclusions and
recommendations based on the findings of the researchers.
SUMMARY
This study is entitled ‘’ Residents Assessment on Health Programs of
Barangay Bukal, Lemery, Batangas. ‘’ The goal was to identify all of the health
programs that the barangay is implementing and to evaluate its citizens. Also,
this study’s objective was to look for strategies and ideas that can be used to

2
keep the health programs going in the future. This research specifically seeks to
address the following questions:
1. What are the different health programs offered to the residents of
Barangay Bukal, Lemery, Batangas?
2. How do the residents of Barangay Bukal, Lemery, Batangas assess the
offered health programs?
3. What continuity plan may be proposed?
FINDINGS
Based on the assessment, the following findings were given:
1. The Different Health Programs Offered by the Barangay Bukal,
Lemery, Batangas to their Residents.
The residents of barangay Bukal, Lemery, Batangas are grateful for the
implemented health programs just like vaccination for babies, children, senior
citizens, and PWDs, a feeding program for malnourished children, monthly
check-ups for pregnant women, and the distribution of free vitamins to their
residents. This leads to conceding the improvements in their health as a result of
these initiatives. Barangay officials use the internet, such as group chats, to
connect with and inform their constituents about health programs. Aside from
that, officials are going door to door to inform their residents about the health
programs.

2
2. The level of assessment done by the residents in the health
programs from Barangay Bukal, Lemery, Batangas.
The study's findings indicate that the people who choose not to participate
in the accessible health initiatives, such as vaccines, have some unfavorable
reactions. But, the barangay largely received compliments because they
engaged with their residents well. More people are becoming aware of the
potential advantages that health programs may offer. Aside from that, one of the
issues that they are facing is the lack of medical equipment and budget which
affect the services of health programs once someone needs it.
CONCLUSIONS
In view of the findings of the research, the following conclusions are hereby
drawn:
1. Many residents in Bukal, Lemery, Batangas are unaware of the health
programs available in their community. This is because they may be
uninterested, believe it is unimportant, and are not paying attention to
the benefits. On the other side, it is essential to get the community
involved in the said initiatives. The BHW may accomplish this by
allowing residents to participate, voice out their opinions, and help

2
make decisions, making them feel more connected and comfortable
through learning more about the services.
2. The lack of medical equipment such as the nebulizers, thermostats,
blood pressure apparatus and as well as the wheelchair and clinical
bed is one of the common issues and challenges faced by the
residents of barangay Bukal in Lemery, Batangas. It affects the people
who live there, according to the findings of the study. Due to a lack of
medical equipment, the response time of barangay health workers and
officials may be slower and less efficient. After seeing the problem that
the barangay Bukal, Lemery, Batangas is facing, the researchers
developed a proposal that would assist the barangay and barangay
health workers resolve the problem.
3. The researchers found that the barangay doesn't have enough money
for its health programs. This lack of funds affects the quality of services
provided to residents. It's important to have a budget for health
programs to ensure they can work well and serve the community
effectively.
RECOMMENDATIONS
In the view of foregoing conclusions, the researchers presented the
following recommendations:

2
1. Examine the positive aspects and limitations of different medical services
and come up with possible approaches to these issues efficiently.
2. Conduct a monthly evaluation of the services and monitor if there is
progress that occurred over a month span.
3. To request a monetary support from the government and raise funds or
donations to spend on higher-tech medical devices and more secure
facilities.
4. Barangays may use the proposed activities.
5. To further validate the study, the future researchers are encouraged to
conduct similar studies.

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St.

Mary’s Educational Institute

RESIDENTS ASSESSMENT ON HEALTH PROGRAMS

to the Faculty of St. Mary’s Educational Institute

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

PAASCU Accredited Bureau of Immigration Accredited

St. Mary’s Educational Institute

foremost treasured resource in the possession of human beings. Being well

holistically is certainly a need to survive. Part of our responsibility as an individual

is to check ourselves if we are in good condition or not. Nevertheless, aside from

it being a duty of oneself, it is also a concern of the government leading to the

implementation of the health care system in every area. There should be a

by organizations and officials in an area promoting and enhancing the

wholesomeness and life of a person. It aims to deliver and promote the

access to quality hospitals, and medical millennium attainment.

Barangay health workers advocate and educate the residents living in

accredited government or non-government organization, ranging from

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St. Mary’s Educational Institute

services, different kinds of immunizations, child health including weighing

children, child rights, family planning, and nutrition. etc.

Unless otherwise specified in this chapter, any operations of an

organization primarily involved in delivering or managing health services, and

office, community health center, nursing home, residential or community-based

treatment facility, or other similar institution is an example of such an entity.

In the province of Batangas, and falling under Region IV-A

(CALABARZON), Bukal is one of the 46 barangays in the municipality of Lemery.

Briefly, Barangay Bukal, Lemery, Batangas is a small barangay that is

implementing different health programs. BHW (Barangay Health Workers)

direct services such as first aid and blood pressure screening.

Barangay Health Workers are authorized to function as such by the local

health board in accordance with the guidelines promulgated by the Philippines

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St. Mary’s Educational Institute

to promote health empowerment. Hence, The Philippines is said to be one of the

The Philippine Constitution of 1987 guarantees one's access to health as

a fundamental right of humanity. In the Philippines, this is offered through a dual

governments, which get funded mostly by taxes.

provincial hospitals, while municipal governments provide medical services,

including preventive as well as promotional health services and other public

The Department of Health (DOH) manages and controls the government-

corporate hospitals, specialty, and regional hospitals, while the Department of

offers both hospital and primary care services.

PAASCU Accredited Bureau of Immigration Accredited

St. Mary’s Educational Institute

Health is a condition of total physical, mental, and social well-being as

have optimally functioning body systems. Additionally, to reduce the risk of

disease, maintaining a healthy lifestyle is essential for a person's physical well-

Good health depends on different factors such as genetic and

disease. To give an example, some of the important factors of health are

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St. Mary’s Educational Institute

On the other hand, illnesses may occur in people’s health, such as

infectious, deficiency, and hereditary diseases, leading to a difficult lifestyle.

Illness can be described as a medical condition that results from impairment,

people to have proper treatment and prevent medical or health problems.

due to health issues.