EL AMOR PATRIO
Love of Country
 Rizal’s first essay when he arrived in Madrid.
 Diarong Tagalog-Aug. 20, 1882 (Philippine Newspaper)
 La Solidaridad - October 30, 1890 (Madrid) Laong Laan
“Love of country is the purest, most heroic and most sublime human
sentiment. It is gratitude, it is affection for everything that reminds us
something of the first days of our life; it is the land where our ancestors
are sleeping.”
“Love of country is never effaced once it has penetrated the heart,
because it carries with it a divine stamp which renders it eternal and
imperishable”
“Some have sacrificed for her their youth, their pleasures; others have
dedicated to her the splendors of their genius; others shed their blood;
all have died, bequeathing to their Motherland an immense future:
liberty and glory.”
TO THE YOUNG WOMEN OF MALOLOS
 Letter – February 22, 1889
 Rizal congratulated the young women of Malolos for their
exceptionally courageous behavior.
 A group of young women had been denied by the parish priest
permission to have lessons in Spanish from a tutor they would
pay.
 The (21) young women raised their petition to Governor Valeriano
Weyler who gave them his permission.
 Teodoro Sandiko organized a school near the Sto. Nino Chapel at
Pariancillo.
 Gaudalupe Reyes taught the group
“Rizal was happy that a group of young women in the country had
emerged to seek identity and dignity.”
“Goodness did not consist in blind obedience to the whims of the friars
but in pure consciousness of good judgment that would only obey the
reasonable and just.”
5 SALIENT POINTS
1. Filipino mothers should teach their children love of God, country
and fellowmen.
2. Filipino mothers should be glad and honored like Spartan
mothers, to offer their sons in defense of their country.
3. Filipino women should know how to protect their dignity and
honor.
4. Filipino women should educate themselves aside from retaining
their good racial values.
5. Faith is not merely reciting prayers and wearing religious pictures.
It is living the real Christian way with good morals and manners.
SOBRE LA INDOLENCIA DE LOS FILIPINOS
The Indolence of the Filipinos
 a socio-political essay published in La Solidaridad in Madrid in
1890.
 printed in five installments which run from July 15, 1890, to
September 15, 1890
 written by Dr. Jose Rizal as a response to the accusation of Indio
or Malay indolence.
 INDOLENT MEANS: Idle, Lazy, Little love for work, Lack of activity
PURPOSE :
 Defense of the Filipinos from the charge that they were inherently
lazy or indolent.
 To prove that the Filipinos were not born lazy but had the
predisposition to become lazy.
 To show that the deterioration of industry can be attributed to
two sets of factors:
1) those attributable to the Spanish colonizers; and
2) those attributable to the Filipinos’ own faults.
CHAPTER 1 :
 Rizal commended Gregorio Sanciano’s “El Progreso de Filipinas”
 Admitted that indolence is rampant among Filipinos
Rizal admits that indolence does exist among the Filipinos, but it cannot
be attributed to the troubles and backwardness of the country, rather is
the effect of the backwardness and troubles experienced by the
country.
Filipinos cannot be compared to Europeans, who live in cold countries
and who must exert much more effort at work. An hour's work under
the Philippine sun, he says, is equivalent to a day's work in temperate
regions.
CHAPTER 2 :
 Indolence as Chronic Illness
 “Indolence in the Philippines is a chronic malady, but not a
hereditary one”
Even before the Spaniards arrived, Rizal argues, “the early Filipinos
were already carrying out trade within provinces and with other
neighboring countries; they were also engaged in agriculture and
mining some natives even spoke Spanish”.
Rizal ends by asking what would have caused Filipinos to forget their
past.
Rizal says that an illness will worsen if the wrong treatment is given.
The same applies to indolence.
CHAPTER 3 :
 Wars and invasions of pirates
 Compelled thousands of Filipinos to work
Rizal enumerates several reasons that may have caused the Filipinos’
cultural and economic decadence. The frequent wars, insurrections, and
invasions have brought disorder to the communities, chaos has been
widespread, and destruction rampant.
Due to forced labor, many men have been sent to shipyards to
construct vessels. Meanwhile, natives who have had enough of abuse
have gone to the mountains. As a result, the farms have been
neglected.
The so-called indolence of Filipinos definitely has deeply rooted causes.
CHAPTER 4 :
 Death of trade in the Philippines
Filipinos, according to Rizal are not responsible for their misfortunes, as
they are not their own masters.
The Spanish government has not encouraged labor and trade, which
ceased after the government treated the country's neighboring trade
partners with great suspicion.
The abuse suffered under encomienderos has caused many to abandon
the fields.
Businesses are monopolized by many government officials, red tape
and bribery operate on a wide scale, and rampant gambling is tolerated
by the government.
The Church's wrong doctrine which holds that the rich will not go to
heaven, engendering a wrong attitude toward work.
CHAPTER 5 :
 Limited training and education
All the causes of indolence can be reduced to 2 factors.
1. the limited training and education Filipino natives receive.
2. lack of a national sentiment of unity among them because Filipinos
think they are inferior.
The solution according to Rizal, would be education and liberty.
Factors attributable to Spanish Colonizers :
1. Wars and Internal Disorders that followed Spanish Conquest
2. Piratical Attacks on Coastal Towns and Villages by Muslim
Pirates
3. Forced Labor in Shipbuilding
4. Government’s Neglect and Apathy to Agriculture, Industry
and Commerce
5. Absence of Material and Moral Incentives to Work Harder
6. The Teaching of the Spanish Missionaries that Heaven is for
the Poor
7. Too Much Government Restriction and Red Tape in the
Approval of Permit to Transact Business.
8. Encouragement and Propagation of Gambling
9. Ownership of Big Estates by the Friars
10. Example Set By the Spaniards in Disdaining Manual Labor
11. Deprivation of Human Dignity
Factors attributable to Filipinos:
1. Feeling of Inferiority
2. Placing Hopes on Miracles
 3. Lack of Spirit to Pursue Lofty Purposes
4. Lack of National Sentiment
THE PHILIPPINES: A CENTURY HENCE
PURPOSE:
 To forecast the future of the country within a hundred years
 To remind Spain that the French Revolution could have a telling
effect on the colonial Philippines.
CAUSES OF MISERIES
 Spain’s implementation of her military policies
 Deterioration and disappearance of Filipino indigenous culture
 Passivity and submissiveness to the Spanish colonizers
CAN SPAIN PREVENT THE PROGRESS OF THE PHILIPPINES?
 Keeping the people uneducated and ignorant had failed.
 Keeping the people impoverished also came to no avail.
 Exterminating the people as an alternative to hindering progress
did not work either.
OUTCOME:
 Spain had no means to stop the progress
 Change Spain’s colonial policy
WHAT RIZAL ENVISIONED?
 Americans will take over our country
“Theirs was a reign democracy and liberty.”
 “History does not record in its annals any lasting domination by
one people over another, of different races, of diverse usages and
customs, of opposite and divergent ideas. One of the two had to
yield and succumb.”