I-64 Lessons Learned

◆ Wait a minimum of 14 days to core per ASTM C39

◆ Use 3 or 4-inch diameter core barrels (no NX cores)
◆ 200 ton tension load tests with load hold successful
◆ Load testing demonstrates load does not get to bottom
of caisson (12 feet down in 70 foot caisson)
◆ Use full length CSL testing over coring
◆ Use permanent liners if telescoping 3 or more casing
during pour and pull operations
◆ Most concrete problems occur during pour/pull
operations
 Case Study 3

Pinnacle Tower – Chicago, IL

◆52-Story Reinforced Concrete Condominium Tower
◆45 ksf Belled Caissons Bearing Hardpan Silty Clay

◆STS Used Menard PMT Methods to Predict Settlement

◆AMEC Measured 1
st Floor Column Settlement During
Construction
Caisson Plan with Final Settlements Noted
 AMEC Settlement Data
Pinnacle Tower Project

0.8 ¾” STS Prediction

Co re 2 2 F lo o r
0.7
3/4 inch STS Prediction (6/20/01)

0.6
Actual Level 1 Settlement, Inches

Ca is so n Co n stru c tio n

0.5 3/8” Diff.

0.4

0.3

Co re 4 7 F lo o r

Co re 5 2 F lo o r
0.2

F in a l
0.1

0
2-Oct-02 31-Dec-02 31-Mar-03 29-Jun-03 27-Sep-03 26-Dec-03 25-Mar-04 23-Jun-04
Column No.
B/11.5 C/9 D.6/10 D/12 E/6 D/5 D/3.3 STS Prediction
 Case Study 4
111 South Wacker Tower
Chicago, Illinois
◆ New 52 Story Tower, Concrete Core, Steel Exterior Frame
Under Construction Mat
◆ New Bell Caissons Combined with former USG Bell Caissons
to support Core
◆ Isolated Bell Caisson Underpinned using 14 Battered
Micropiles
◆ 394-kip Rock Bearing Micropiles Supports 20’ Bell Caisson
on softened hardpan due to ground water inflow
◆ STS predicted core caissons would settle ½ “ and external
caissons ¾ “
 Core Mat
New and Reused Old Caisson Locations

N
111 South Wacker –Pressuremeter Tests
 111 South Wacker Tower
Boussinesq Vertical Stress Analysis
 111 South Wacker Tower
Vertical Stress Contour Map

-66’

-70’
42 ksf

-75' 4 ksf
-77’
 111 South Wacker - Caisson Plan

Adjacent
Leaky Hand
Dug Rock
Caissons
with Lagging

7’ Rock Socket Caisson Micropile Assisted Caisson

 111 S. Wacker Tower
Supplemental Micropile Support of Hardpan Caisson
15,000 Kip
Column Load
Caisson
D.5/5.9

20’ Bell

14 - 394 Kip
Micropiles
 111 S. Wacker Tower
Installation of Micropile Settlement Reducers
 111 S. Wacker Tower
Drilling Battered Micropiles around Caisson

NEW PILES
111 S. Wacker Tower
Irishman’s Pile Count
 111 South Wacker – Under Construction

Perimeter
Column

Core
111 S. Wacker – Current Construction

Micropile Assisted Caisson

 Predicted versus Measured Settlement at 111
South Wacker Tower

Actual
Settlement

1/2”
5/8”
5/8” to 1”
7/8”
5/8”

Actual 7’ Rock Socket Caisson Actual Bell Caisson 20’ plus 10 Micropiles
 111 S. Wacker Tower
Measured Settlements
◆ STS predicted mat would settle 1/2 to 1 inch using elastic theory and
Menard Mat analysis methods, respectively. Core mat settled 1/2 inch
when building reached 48 stories on 7/7/04.

◆ STS predicted micropile assisted caisson would settle 3/4 inch. Actual
movement was 5/8 inch.

◆ Allowable differential settlement between core mat and exterior

columns is ½ inch maximum. Actual differential ranged from 1/8” to
1/2”.

◆ Use of old caissons with supplemental new caissons on approx. 100

foot square mat saved substantial foundation construction costs.

◆ Two south side caissons blew-in due to water form old rock caissons
next door. Replaced with rock socketed caisson at B.5/5.9 and
micropile assisted caisson D.5/5.9.