Test Bank For Holes Human Anatomy Physiology 12th Edition David Shier

Test Bank for Holeâ€™s Human Anatomy & Physiology, 12th Edition: David Shier
Test Bank for Holeâ€™s Human Anatomy &

Physiology, 12th Edition: David Shier
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ch6
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. An organ consists of
A. skin and bones.
B. two or more tissues grouped together that function together.
C. at least four tissues grouped together that function together.
D. one variety of each of the four tissue types.
E. multiple tissue layers.
2. The human integumentary system includes

A. skin, nails, hair follicles, and glands.
B. the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer only.
C. just the skin.
D. skin, hooves, and horns.
E. bones and muscles.
3. In the inherited disease ichythyosis, the skin is rough, brown, and very scaly because the uppermost layer
cannot peel off as easily as it normally does. The part of the skin that is affected is the
A. epidermis.
B. basement membrane.
C. dermis.
D. subcutaneous layer.
E. endodermis.
4. As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface,
A. they divide continually.
B. their supply of nutrients improves.
C. they die.
D. they become dermal cells.
E. they can become cancerous.
5. The dermis is composed largely of
A. fibrous connective tissue.
B. dense regular connective tissue.
C. stratified squamous epithelium.
D. adipose tissue.
E. dense irregular connective tissue.
6. Nerve fibers scattered throughout the dermis are associated with

A. hair, oil glands, and sweat glands.
B. bone, tendons, and muscles.
C. the subcutaneous layer.
D. muscles, glands, and sensory receptors.
E. none of the above.
7. Which of the following is not correct concerning the skin?

A. The dermis is usually thicker than the epidermis.
B. The epidermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelium.
C. The subcutaneous layer is between the dermis and the epidermis.
D. The dermis contains smooth muscle and nerve tissue.
E. The skin contains some immune system cells.
8. In a condition called incontinentia pigmenti, the skin has deep dark splotches, due to melanin that seeps down
into the dermis. Normally, melanin is confined to the
A. epidermis.
C. dermis.
E. hair.
9. The skin appears yellowish if a person eats too much

A. collagen.
B. carotene.
C. cyanin.
D. melanin.
E. chicken soup.
10. Exposure to ultraviolet light darkens skin by stimulating synthesis of
A. melatonin.
B. carotene.
C. hemoglobin.
D. cyanin.
E. melanin.
11. The layer of the epidermis that includes melanocytes and a single row of columnar cells that undergo
mitosis is the
A. stratum corneum.
B. stratum granulosum.
C. stratum spinosum.
D. stratum basale.
E. stratum melaneum.
12. What determines the color of skin?

A. The number of melanocytes in the epidermis.
B. The thickness of the epidermis layer.
C. The amount of melanin that melanocytes produce.
D. The density of hair.
E. None of the above.
13. The subcutaneous layer of skin consists of

A. epithelial tissue.
B. areolar and adipose tissue.
C. epithelium and areolar tissue.
D. adipose tissue and skeletal muscle tissue.
E. blood and nerves.
14. Blood vessels in the ___________ supply epidermal cells with nutrients.
A. epidermis
B. dermis
C. subcutaneous layer
D. hair root
E. all of the above
15. Skin cells play an important role in producing
A. vitamin A.
B. vitamin B.
C. vitamin C.
D. vitamin D.
E. vitamin E.
16. The melanocytes in very dark skin

A. are more abundant than they are in light skin.
B. contain single, large, pigment granules.
C. contain clusters of 2 to 4 pigment granules.
D. contain many small pigment granules.
E. lack pigment but shrivel up and turn black.
17. The functions of skin include

A. synthesizing antibodies.
B. producing adipose tissue.
C. regulating body temperature.
D. synthesizing digestive enzymes.
E. transmitting electrochemical messages.
18. Epidermis is ________________, whereas dermis is ________________.

A. the innermost layer of the skin; under the epidermis
B. composed of largely dense connective tissue; composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue
C. the outermost layer of the skin; composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue
D. composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue; composed of connective tissue, smooth muscle, and nerve
cell processes
19. The subcutaneous layer is

A. made of squamous epithelium.
B. part of the basement membrane.
C. also called the subdermis.
D. not part of the skin.
E. made entirely of collagen.
20. Pigment recipient cells
A. are a type of melanocyte.
B. are a type of keratinocyte.
C. are filled with carotene.
D. are in the subcutaneous layer.
E. have multiple nuclei.
21. The nerve fibers in the dermis stimulate

A. blood vessels in the epidermis.
B. muscles and glands in the dermis.
C. melanocytes in the epidermis.
D. fat cells in the subcutaneous layer.
22. Two thieves steal jewelry, and then drop it as they are escaping. The police recover the jewelry, and an
officer explains on the evening news that the back of a watch had beautiful fingerprints. The thieves, whose
prints are not on file, believe that they can escape prosecution by using acid to remove the epidermis on their
fingerpads, erasing their fingerprints. They are wrong because
A. the prints arise from the subcutaneous layer, which is not destroyed.
B. the prints arise from the dermis, which is not destroyed.
C. the epidermis will regrow the fingerprints in a day.
D. the fingerprints will not grow back in the same pattern.
E. the prints arise from the epidermis, which is not destroyed.
23. The major blood vessels that supply the skin are in the
A. epidermis.
C. dermis.
E. bone.
24. You step out of the shower and vigorously rub your skin with a towel. If you were able to analyze the towel,
you would find skin cells. They are most likely
A. subcutaneous layer cells.
B. from the dermis.
C. keratinized epidermal cells.
D. fibroblasts.
E. hair root cells.
25. In areas of the skin where the epidermis is thin, the ________ may be absent.
A. stratum lucidum
B. stratum granulosum
C. stratum corneum
D. stratum basale
E. stratum cranium
26. Which is the most likely explanation for the defect in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, in which the skin
blisters with any touch?
A. the skin has too many melanocytes that produce too much melanin.
B. melanocytes cannot produce melanin.
C. collagen fibrils that attach the epidermis to the dermis break down.
D. the skin layers are reversed.
E. the person has sustained a severe burn.
27. The epidermis

A. retains water in deeper skin layers.
B. keeps out harmful chemicals and pathogens.
C. protects the skin against mechanical injury.
D. loses some cells every day.
E. all of the above.
28. The epidermis is about ___ mm thick and the dermis is about ___ mm thick.
A. 1 to 2; .07 to .12
B. .07 to 12; 1 to 2
C. 3 to 4; 5 to 6
D. .01 to .1; .1 to 1.0
E. .001 to .01; .01 to .1
29. Corns are

A. areas of white skin pigmentation.
B. scaly scalp areas.
C. keratinized conical masses on toes.
D. growths emanating from the nostrils.
E. tumors under the skin that resemble kernels of corn.
30. Reddened skin reflects
A. dilated blood vessels sending more blood to the dermis.
B. eating too many carrots.
C. inheriting extra melanin.
D. constricted blood vessels sending more blood to the epidermis.
E. none of the above
31. Accessory structures of the skin originate from the

A. epidermis.
C. dermis.
E. nervous system.
32. The nail plate is produced by

A. lunula cells.
B. stem cells.
C. melanocytes.
D. specialized dermal cells.
E. specialized epithelial cells.
33. A nail consists of a

A. nail fork and nail spoon.
B. nail rail and nail groove.
C. nail bed and nail plate.
D. nail follicle and nail papilla.
34. The hardness of a nail comes from

A. carotene.
B. collagen.
C. calcium.
D. keratin.
E. bone.
35. Shafts of hair are composed of
A. living dermal cells.
B. dead epidermal cells.
C. living epidermal cells.
D. dead dermal cells.
E. living fibroblasts.
36. A hair is distinguished from a hair follicle by

A. never dividing.
B. always dividing.
C. being alive.
D. being dead.
E. actively secreting.
37. Eumelanin and pheomelanin are

A. reddish-yellow and brownish-black pigments, respectively.
B. brownish-black and reddish-yellow pigments, respectively.
C. types of keratin.
D. present in excess in a person with albinism.
E. synthetic dyes.
38. After a severe burn, new skin may grow outwards from the hair follicles. New growth begins here because
A. the hair follicles are very resistant to fire and heat.
B. a person has many hair follicles.
C. a hair follicle contains stem cells in the bulge region.
D. the skin's stem cells migrate to the hair follicles.
E. hair is essential for functioning of the immune system and survival.
39. Gray hair is

A. caused by a pigment, pseudomelanin.
B. a mixture of red and brown hairs.
C. a mixture of pigmented and unpigmented hairs.
D. a form of albinism.
E. full of abnormal keratin.
40. The arrector pili muscle is attached to
A. the nail bed.
B. a sebaceous gland.
C. the hypodermis.
D. a hair follicle.
E. skin on the nose.
41. Sebaceous glands secrete

A. fat globules that mix with cellular debris, forming sebum.
B. glycogen granules that accumulate around hair follicles.
C. sweat in the armpits.
D. mucus.
42. Eccrine sweat glands

A. are most common in the armpits and groin.
B. respond primarily to elevated body temperature.
C. respond primarily to emotional stress.
D. usually are associated with hair follicles.
E. are found only in horses.
43. Apocrine sweat glands are most abundant on or in the

A. forehead.
B. axilla.
C. neck.
D. palms of the hands.
E. buttocks.
44. Eccrine sweat glands differ from sebaceous glands

A. in type of secretion.
B. in their location.
C. in whether or not they are associated with hair follicles.
D. in the stimulus that triggers their secretion.
45. Milk and ear wax
A. are not secretions.
B. are secreted from modified sweat glands.
C. are secreted from modified sebaceous glands.
D. are in the blood.
E. are synthetic substances.
46. Body heat is lost primarily by

A. conduction.
B. convection.
C. evaporation.
D. radiation.
E. flatulation.
47. Which of the following is a normal response to excessive loss of body heat in a cold environment?
A. Dermal blood vessels constrict.
B. Sweat glands become active.
C. Smooth muscles relax.
D. Dermal blood vessels dilate.
E. Hairs are retracted into their follicles.
48. Sweat cools the body by

A. convection.
B. conduction.
C. evaporation.
D. radiation.
E. hydration.
49. A warm surface loses heat to the air molecules continuously circulating over it by
A. radiation.
B. evaporation.
C. conduction.
D. convection.
E. hydration.
50. A person exercising vigorously on a hot, humid day may develop
A. fatigue and dizziness.
B. heat exhaustion.
C. headache, muscle cramps, and nausea.
D. dizziness.
E. all of the above
51. Hypothermia is
A. associated with exercising vigorously in the heat.
B. accompanied by fever.
C. a lowered body temperature.
D. a form of skin cancer.
E. a form of hair loss.
52. Individuals at elevated risk for hypothermia include

A. homeless people exposed to the outdoors.
B. the very old.
C. very thin people.
D. the very young.
E. all of the above
53. The skin dissipates excess body heat by

A. dilating dermal blood vessels.
B. activating eccrine sweat glands.
C. radiation
D. conduction
E. all of the above
54. Inflammation makes skin

A. red, swollen and painful to touch.
B. cool and clammy.
C. secrete abundant antibodies.
D. peel off.
55. Inflammation is
A. a type of infection.
B. a result of exposure to very low temperatures.
C. a normal response to stress or injury.
D. an abnormal response to injury or stress.
56. Which of the following happens first after a scab forms?

A. phagocytic cells remove dead material.
B. the scab sloughs off
C. fibroblasts from the wound edge form new collagenous fibers.
D. blood vessels send out new branches under the scab.
E. nearby wandering cells secrete keratin.
57. The granulations that appear during the healing of a large, open wound are composed mainly of
A. blood clots.
B. phagocytic cells.
C. fibroblasts surrounding blood vessels.
D. scar tissue.
E. dead keratinocytes.
58. A burn affecting only the epidermis is a

A. superficial partial-thickness burn.
B. deep partial-thickness burn.
C. second degree burn.
D. third degree burn.
E. fourth degree burn.
59. An autograft covers an injured area of skin with

A. skin from a person other than the patient.
B. a skin substitute, such as an artificial membrane.
C. skin from a skin bank.
D. skin from an uninjured region of the patient's body.
E. handwriting.
60. A woman undergoes coronary bypass surgery, in which a blood vessel from her leg is moved to her heart,
where it supplements the blood supply following a heart attack. This procedure is a(n)
A. xenograft.
B. autograft.
C. allograft.
D. dermograft.
E. fibrograft.
61. A man donates part of his liver to his daughter, who suffers from cystic fibrosis. This procedure is a(n)
A. xenograft
B. autograft
C. allograft
D. dermograft
E. fibrograft.
62. A man who has a heart valve from a pig has a(n)
A. xenograft.
B. autograft.
C. allograft.
D. dermograft.
E. fibrograft.
63. In treating a burn patient, the "rule of nines" is used to estimate the
A. depth of the burn.
B. surface area of the burn.
C. time needed for healing.
D. type of scar that will form.
E. degree and source of the burn.
64. As a person ages, the skin typically becomes

A. thicker.
B. more opaque.
C. more elastic.
D. a different color.
65. Elderly persons may become less able to maintain stable body temperatures because
A. they sweat excessively.
B. their sebaceous glands become overactive.
C. the number of sweat glands diminishes.
D. the skin becomes too oily.
E. they lose weight.
66. Skin wrinkles with age because

A. collagen degrades in the subcutaneous layer as the epidermis shrinks.
B. fat is lost from the subcutaneous layer and the dermis shrinks.
D. epidermal cells undergo a burst of cell division.
E. people use less make up.
67. Examining skin under a light microscope is difficult because the preparation
A. explodes the outermost cells.
B. compresses the innermost cells.
C. removes important proteins from the cells.
D. is impossible with a large body part.
68. The advantage of cryo-electron tomography is that it

A. enables cells to divide continually.
B. is cheaper than other methods.
C. can be used with a virtual reality helmet.
D. preserves intercellular junctions.
E. preserves mitochondria.
69. The flexible proteins that link the cell membranes of squamous epithelial cells in skin are
A. cadherins.
B. collagens.
C. carotenes.
D. keratins.
E. elastin.
70. Cutaneous melanomas are associated with
A. short exposure to high-intensity sunlight.
B. prolonged exposure to low-intensity sunlight.
C. occasional exposure to X-rays.
D. exposure to background radiation.
E. lack of sun exposure.
71. Skin cancer is most likely to develop from

A. pigmented epithelial cells.
B. pigmented melanocytes.
C. nonpigmented epithelial cells.
D. nonpigmented melanocytes.
E. surface keratinocytes.
72. Cutaneous carcinomas are usually caused by exposure to

A. X-rays.
B. gamma radiation.
C. ultraviolet light.
D. mutagenic chemicals.
E. microwaves.
73. We enjoy sunbathing because it stimulates keratinocytes to release

A. beta endorphin.
B. collagens.
C. carotenes.
D. keratins.
E. elastin.
74. Which person is at highest risk of developing a cutaneous carcinoma?

A. a light-complexioned man age 52 who goes to the beach on summer weekends and does not use sunblock
because he likes to be tan.
B. an eighty-year-old who spends most of her time indoors.
C. a twenty-two-year-old college student who is outdoors often and uses sunblock.
D. a black woman who spends most of her time in her office.
E. a young woman who enjoys going to the beach but always covers up.
75. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation greatly increases the risk of developing
A. heart disease.
B. diabetes.
C. skin cancer.
D. glaucoma.
E. acne.
76. A future treatment for baldness may potentially be

A. stem cells from the bulge region of the abdomen.
B. high protein shakes.
C. scalp transplants.
D. stem cells from the bulge region at the base of hair follicles.
E. a head transplant.
77. Acne is a disorder of the

A. sweat glands.
B. hair follicles.
C. sebaceous glands.
D. apocrine glands.
E. dermis.
78. Fever is
A. a result of inflammation.
B. due to exposure to heat.
C. a special case of hyperthermia in which body temperature rises in response to an elevated set point, typically
in response to infection.
D. a special case of hypothermia in which body temperature falls to protect the core from infection.
79. The skin is one of the larger organs of the body.

True False
80. The tough layer of waterproof material that makes up the outermost part of the epidermis is the stratum
lucidum.
True False
81. In healthy skin, the production of epidermal cells is closely balanced with the loss of skin cells.
True False
82. Melanocytes can transfer granules of melanin into nearby epithelial cells.
True False
83. Blood with excess oxygen causes cyanosis.

True False
84. The major blood vessels that supply the skin lie between the dermis and the epidermis.
True False
85. The outermost layer of the epidermis is the stratum basale and the innermost layer is the stratum corneum.
True False
86. Melanocytes synthesize melanin, which protects underlying cells from the effects of ultraviolet light.
True False
87. The dermis is very flat compared to the epidermis, which has ridges projecting inward and elevations called
papillae.
True False
88. Sunlight, ultraviolet light, and X rays all darken skin because they increase blood flow to the dermis.
True False
89. Three physiological factors that affect the color of skin are: volume of blood in dermal vessels, carotene in
the subcutaneous layer, and various diseases.
True False
90. Epidermal cells that move up through the strata become very keratinized as they die due to a lack of blood
supply.
True False
91. Melanin production is greater in the skin of people who live outdoors all the time than in people who do
not.
True False
92. The amount of keratin protein produced during keratinization determines hair color.
True False
93. Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, which kills bacteria on the skin.
True False
94. After a shower, a young woman typically loses what looks like many hundreds of hairs. She should be
concerned, because the average number of hairs lost per day is 20 to 100.
True False
95. The arrector pili muscle is composed of striated muscle tissue.

True False
96. The secretion of the sebaceous glands is called sebum.

True False
97. When body temperature drops below normal, dermal blood vessels dilate.
True False
98. If the temperature of the body drops below the normal range, the skin responds by constricting epidermal
blood vessels, activating sweat glands, and inactivating muscles.
True False
99. Dermal blood vessels constrict to a greater extent at 97.2 degrees Fahrenheit than at 98.4 degrees
Fahrenheit.
True False
100. A burn that affects the epidermis only is called a deep partial-thickness burn.
True False
101. Healing of a deep partial-thickness burn involves production of new cells from the stratum basale, or
germinativum.
True False
102. A burn that destroys the epidermis, dermis, and accessory organs is a full-thickness burn. The skin
becomes dry and leathery.
True False
103. Skin cancers originating from epithelial cells are melanomas and those arising from melanocytes are
carcinomas.
True False
104. Carcinomas are rarer than melanomas and occur primarily in people who work indoors but occasionally
experience blistering sunburns during weekend activity.
True False
105. Because melanomas develop from melanocytes, they are always dark.
True False
106. Melanomas appear most often in the skin of the trunk, especially in the back, or in the skin of the limbs.
True False
107. Typically, a melanoma spreads through the skin horizontally but can grow downward into the dermis and
can even invade deeper tissues.
True False
108. The deepest cells of the epidermis make up the stratum _____.
________________________________________
109. As epidermal cells are pushed toward the surface, strands of protein called __________ accumulate in their
cytoplasm.
________________________________________
110. Melanin protects underlying cells against the effects of ______ light.
________________________________________
111. The ______ glands of the skin function as scent glands.

________________________________________
112. Dark hair contains an abundance of the pigment ____________.

________________________________________
113. Body temperature normally remains close to ______ degrees C.

________________________________________
ch6 Key
1. An organ consists of
A. skin and bones.
B. two or more tissues grouped together that function together.
C. at least four tissues grouped together that function together.
D. one variety of each of the four tissue types.
E. multiple tissue layers.
Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Learning Outcome: 06.01
Shier - Chapter 06 #1
Topic: Integumentary System
2. The human integumentary system includes

A. skin, nails, hair follicles, and glands.
B. the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer only.
C. just the skin.
D. skin, hooves, and horns.
E. bones and muscles.
Difficulty Level: Evaluate/Create

3. In the inherited disease ichythyosis, the skin is rough, brown, and very scaly because the uppermost layer
cannot peel off as easily as it normally does. The part of the skin that is affected is the
A. epidermis.
C. dermis.
E. endodermis.
Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

4. As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface,
A. they divide continually.
B. their supply of nutrients improves.
C. they die.
D. they become dermal cells.
E. they can become cancerous.

5. The dermis is composed largely of

A. fibrous connective tissue.
B. dense regular connective tissue.
C. stratified squamous epithelium.
D. adipose tissue.
E. dense irregular connective tissue.

6. Nerve fibers scattered throughout the dermis are associated with

A. hair, oil glands, and sweat glands.
B. bone, tendons, and muscles.
C. the subcutaneous layer.
D. muscles, glands, and sensory receptors.

7. Which of the following is not correct concerning the skin?

A. The dermis is usually thicker than the epidermis.
B. The epidermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelium.
C. The subcutaneous layer is between the dermis and the epidermis.
D. The dermis contains smooth muscle and nerve tissue.
E. The skin contains some immune system cells.

8. In a condition called incontinentia pigmenti, the skin has deep dark splotches, due to melanin that seeps down
into the dermis. Normally, melanin is confined to the
A. epidermis.
C. dermis.
E. hair.

9. The skin appears yellowish if a person eats too much

A. collagen.
B. carotene.
C. cyanin.
D. melanin.
E. chicken soup.

10. Exposure to ultraviolet light darkens skin by stimulating synthesis of

A. melatonin.
B. carotene.
C. hemoglobin.
D. cyanin.
E. melanin.

11. The layer of the epidermis that includes melanocytes and a single row of columnar cells that undergo
mitosis is the
A. stratum corneum.
B. stratum granulosum.
C. stratum spinosum.
D. stratum basale.
E. stratum melaneum.

12. What determines the color of skin?

A. The number of melanocytes in the epidermis.
B. The thickness of the epidermis layer.
C. The amount of melanin that melanocytes produce.
D. The density of hair.
E. None of the above.

13. The subcutaneous layer of skin consists of

A. epithelial tissue.
B. areolar and adipose tissue.
C. epithelium and areolar tissue.
D. adipose tissue and skeletal muscle tissue.
E. blood and nerves.

14. Blood vessels in the ___________ supply epidermal cells with nutrients.
A. epidermis
B. dermis
C. subcutaneous layer
D. hair root
E. all of the above

15. Skin cells play an important role in producing

A. vitamin A.
B. vitamin B.
C. vitamin C.
D. vitamin D.
E. vitamin E.

16. The melanocytes in very dark skin

A. are more abundant than they are in light skin.
B. contain single, large, pigment granules.
C. contain clusters of 2 to 4 pigment granules.
D. contain many small pigment granules.
E. lack pigment but shrivel up and turn black.

17. The functions of skin include

A. synthesizing antibodies.
B. producing adipose tissue.
C. regulating body temperature.
D. synthesizing digestive enzymes.
E. transmitting electrochemical messages.

18. Epidermis is ________________, whereas dermis is ________________.
A. the innermost layer of the skin; under the epidermis
B. composed of largely dense connective tissue; composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue
C. the outermost layer of the skin; composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue
D. composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue; composed of connective tissue, smooth muscle, and nerve
cell processes

19. The subcutaneous layer is

A. made of squamous epithelium.
B. part of the basement membrane.
C. also called the subdermis.
D. not part of the skin.
E. made entirely of collagen.

20. Pigment recipient cells

A. are a type of melanocyte.
B. are a type of keratinocyte.
C. are filled with carotene.
D. are in the subcutaneous layer.
E. have multiple nuclei.

21. The nerve fibers in the dermis stimulate
A. blood vessels in the epidermis.
B. muscles and glands in the dermis.
C. melanocytes in the epidermis.
D. fat cells in the subcutaneous layer.

22. Two thieves steal jewelry, and then drop it as they are escaping. The police recover the jewelry, and an
officer explains on the evening news that the back of a watch had beautiful fingerprints. The thieves, whose
prints are not on file, believe that they can escape prosecution by using acid to remove the epidermis on their
fingerpads, erasing their fingerprints. They are wrong because
A. the prints arise from the subcutaneous layer, which is not destroyed.
B. the prints arise from the dermis, which is not destroyed.
C. the epidermis will regrow the fingerprints in a day.
D. the fingerprints will not grow back in the same pattern.
E. the prints arise from the epidermis, which is not destroyed.

23. The major blood vessels that supply the skin are in the
A. epidermis.
C. dermis.
E. bone.

24. You step out of the shower and vigorously rub your skin with a towel. If you were able to analyze the towel,
you would find skin cells. They are most likely
A. subcutaneous layer cells.
B. from the dermis.
C. keratinized epidermal cells.
D. fibroblasts.
E. hair root cells.

25. In areas of the skin where the epidermis is thin, the ________ may be absent.
A. stratum lucidum
B. stratum granulosum
C. stratum corneum
D. stratum basale
E. stratum cranium

26. Which is the most likely explanation for the defect in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, in which the skin
blisters with any touch?
A. the skin has too many melanocytes that produce too much melanin.
B. melanocytes cannot produce melanin.
C. collagen fibrils that attach the epidermis to the dermis break down.
D. the skin layers are reversed.
E. the person has sustained a severe burn.

27. The epidermis
A. retains water in deeper skin layers.
B. keeps out harmful chemicals and pathogens.
C. protects the skin against mechanical injury.
D. loses some cells every day.

28. The epidermis is about ___ mm thick and the dermis is about ___ mm thick.
A. 1 to 2; .07 to .12
B. .07 to 12; 1 to 2
C. 3 to 4; 5 to 6
D. .01 to .1; .1 to 1.0
E. .001 to .01; .01 to .1

29. Corns are

A. areas of white skin pigmentation.
B. scaly scalp areas.
C. keratinized conical masses on toes.
D. growths emanating from the nostrils.
E. tumors under the skin that resemble kernels of corn.

30. Reddened skin reflects

A. dilated blood vessels sending more blood to the dermis.
B. eating too many carrots.
C. inheriting extra melanin.
D. constricted blood vessels sending more blood to the epidermis.

31. Accessory structures of the skin originate from the
A. epidermis.
C. dermis.
E. nervous system.

32. The nail plate is produced by

A. lunula cells.
B. stem cells.
C. melanocytes.
D. specialized dermal cells.
E. specialized epithelial cells.

33. A nail consists of a

A. nail fork and nail spoon.
B. nail rail and nail groove.
C. nail bed and nail plate.
D. nail follicle and nail papilla.

34. The hardness of a nail comes from

A. carotene.
B. collagen.
C. calcium.
D. keratin.
E. bone.

35. Shafts of hair are composed of
A. living dermal cells.
B. dead epidermal cells.
C. living epidermal cells.
D. dead dermal cells.
E. living fibroblasts.

36. A hair is distinguished from a hair follicle by

A. never dividing.
B. always dividing.
C. being alive.
D. being dead.
E. actively secreting.

37. Eumelanin and pheomelanin are

A. reddish-yellow and brownish-black pigments, respectively.
B. brownish-black and reddish-yellow pigments, respectively.
C. types of keratin.
D. present in excess in a person with albinism.
E. synthetic dyes.

38. After a severe burn, new skin may grow outwards from the hair follicles. New growth begins here because
A. the hair follicles are very resistant to fire and heat.
B. a person has many hair follicles.
C. a hair follicle contains stem cells in the bulge region.
D. the skin's stem cells migrate to the hair follicles.
E. hair is essential for functioning of the immune system and survival.

39. Gray hair is
A. caused by a pigment, pseudomelanin.
B. a mixture of red and brown hairs.
C. a mixture of pigmented and unpigmented hairs.
D. a form of albinism.
E. full of abnormal keratin.

40. The arrector pili muscle is attached to

A. the nail bed.
B. a sebaceous gland.
C. the hypodermis.
D. a hair follicle.
E. skin on the nose.

41. Sebaceous glands secrete

A. fat globules that mix with cellular debris, forming sebum.
B. glycogen granules that accumulate around hair follicles.
C. sweat in the armpits.
D. mucus.

42. Eccrine sweat glands

A. are most common in the armpits and groin.
B. respond primarily to elevated body temperature.
C. respond primarily to emotional stress.
D. usually are associated with hair follicles.
E. are found only in horses.

43. Apocrine sweat glands are most abundant on or in the
A. forehead.
B. axilla.
C. neck.
D. palms of the hands.
E. buttocks.

44. Eccrine sweat glands differ from sebaceous glands

A. in type of secretion.
B. in their location.
C. in whether or not they are associated with hair follicles.
D. in the stimulus that triggers their secretion.

45. Milk and ear wax

A. are not secretions.
B. are secreted from modified sweat glands.
C. are secreted from modified sebaceous glands.
D. are in the blood.
E. are synthetic substances.

46. Body heat is lost primarily by

A. conduction.
B. convection.
C. evaporation.
D. radiation.
E. flatulation.

47. Which of the following is a normal response to excessive loss of body heat in a cold environment?
A. Dermal blood vessels constrict.
B. Sweat glands become active.
C. Smooth muscles relax.
D. Dermal blood vessels dilate.
E. Hairs are retracted into their follicles.

48. Sweat cools the body by

A. convection.
B. conduction.
C. evaporation.
D. radiation.
E. hydration.

49. A warm surface loses heat to the air molecules continuously circulating over it by
A. radiation.
B. evaporation.
C. conduction.
D. convection.
E. hydration.

50. A person exercising vigorously on a hot, humid day may develop

A. fatigue and dizziness.
B. heat exhaustion.
C. headache, muscle cramps, and nausea.
D. dizziness.
E. all of the above

51. Hypothermia is
A. associated with exercising vigorously in the heat.
B. accompanied by fever.
C. a lowered body temperature.
D. a form of skin cancer.
E. a form of hair loss.

52. Individuals at elevated risk for hypothermia include

A. homeless people exposed to the outdoors.
B. the very old.
C. very thin people.
D. the very young.
E. all of the above

53. The skin dissipates excess body heat by

A. dilating dermal blood vessels.
B. activating eccrine sweat glands.
C. radiation
D. conduction
E. all of the above

54. Inflammation makes skin

A. red, swollen and painful to touch.
B. cool and clammy.
C. secrete abundant antibodies.
D. peel off.

55. Inflammation is
A. a type of infection.
B. a result of exposure to very low temperatures.
C. a normal response to stress or injury.
D. an abnormal response to injury or stress.

56. Which of the following happens first after a scab forms?

A. phagocytic cells remove dead material.
B. the scab sloughs off
C. fibroblasts from the wound edge form new collagenous fibers.
D. blood vessels send out new branches under the scab.
E. nearby wandering cells secrete keratin.

57. The granulations that appear during the healing of a large, open wound are composed mainly of
A. blood clots.
B. phagocytic cells.
C. fibroblasts surrounding blood vessels.
D. scar tissue.
E. dead keratinocytes.

58. A burn affecting only the epidermis is a

A. superficial partial-thickness burn.
B. deep partial-thickness burn.
C. second degree burn.
D. third degree burn.
E. fourth degree burn.

59. An autograft covers an injured area of skin with
A. skin from a person other than the patient.
B. a skin substitute, such as an artificial membrane.
C. skin from a skin bank.
D. skin from an uninjured region of the patient's body.
E. handwriting.

60. A woman undergoes coronary bypass surgery, in which a blood vessel from her leg is moved to her heart,
where it supplements the blood supply following a heart attack. This procedure is a(n)
A. xenograft.
B. autograft.
C. allograft.
D. dermograft.
E. fibrograft.

61. A man donates part of his liver to his daughter, who suffers from cystic fibrosis. This procedure is a(n)
A. xenograft
B. autograft
C. allograft
D. dermograft
E. fibrograft.

62. A man who has a heart valve from a pig has a(n)
A. xenograft.
B. autograft.
C. allograft.
D. dermograft.
E. fibrograft.

63. In treating a burn patient, the "rule of nines" is used to estimate the
A. depth of the burn.
B. surface area of the burn.
C. time needed for healing.
D. type of scar that will form.
E. degree and source of the burn.

64. As a person ages, the skin typically becomes

A. thicker.
B. more opaque.
C. more elastic.
D. a different color.

65. Elderly persons may become less able to maintain stable body temperatures because
A. they sweat excessively.
B. their sebaceous glands become overactive.
D. the skin becomes too oily.
E. they lose weight.

66. Skin wrinkles with age because
A. collagen degrades in the subcutaneous layer as the epidermis shrinks.
B. fat is lost from the subcutaneous layer and the dermis shrinks.
D. epidermal cells undergo a burst of cell division.
E. people use less make up.

67. Examining skin under a light microscope is difficult because the preparation
A. explodes the outermost cells.
B. compresses the innermost cells.
C. removes important proteins from the cells.
D. is impossible with a large body part.
Boxed Reading: Vignette

68. The advantage of cryo-electron tomography is that it

A. enables cells to divide continually.
B. is cheaper than other methods.
C. can be used with a virtual reality helmet.
D. preserves intercellular junctions.
E. preserves mitochondria.

69. The flexible proteins that link the cell membranes of squamous epithelial cells in skin are
A. cadherins.
B. collagens.
C. carotenes.
D. keratins.
E. elastin.

70. Cutaneous melanomas are associated with
A. short exposure to high-intensity sunlight.
B. prolonged exposure to low-intensity sunlight.
C. occasional exposure to X-rays.
D. exposure to background radiation.
E. lack of sun exposure.
Boxed Reading: Clinical Application 6.1

71. Skin cancer is most likely to develop from

A. pigmented epithelial cells.
B. pigmented melanocytes.
C. nonpigmented epithelial cells.
D. nonpigmented melanocytes.
E. surface keratinocytes.

72. Cutaneous carcinomas are usually caused by exposure to

A. X-rays.
B. gamma radiation.
C. ultraviolet light.
D. mutagenic chemicals.
E. microwaves.

73. We enjoy sunbathing because it stimulates keratinocytes to release

A. beta endorphin.
B. collagens.
C. carotenes.
D. keratins.
E. elastin.

74. Which person is at highest risk of developing a cutaneous carcinoma?
A. a light-complexioned man age 52 who goes to the beach on summer weekends and does not use sunblock
because he likes to be tan.
B. an eighty-year-old who spends most of her time indoors.
C. a twenty-two-year-old college student who is outdoors often and uses sunblock.
D. a black woman who spends most of her time in her office.
E. a young woman who enjoys going to the beach but always covers up.

75. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation greatly increases the risk of developing

A. heart disease.
B. diabetes.
C. skin cancer.
D. glaucoma.
E. acne.

76. A future treatment for baldness may potentially be

A. stem cells from the bulge region of the abdomen.
B. high protein shakes.
C. scalp transplants.
D. stem cells from the bulge region at the base of hair follicles.
E. a head transplant.

77. Acne is a disorder of the
A. sweat glands.
B. hair follicles.
C. sebaceous glands.
D. apocrine glands.
E. dermis.

78. Fever is
A. a result of inflammation.
B. due to exposure to heat.
C. a special case of hyperthermia in which body temperature rises in response to an elevated set point, typically
in response to infection.
D. a special case of hypothermia in which body temperature falls to protect the core from infection.

79. The skin is one of the larger organs of the body.

TRUE

80. The tough layer of waterproof material that makes up the outermost part of the epidermis is the stratum
lucidum.
FALSE

81. In healthy skin, the production of epidermal cells is closely balanced with the loss of skin cells.
TRUE

82. Melanocytes can transfer granules of melanin into nearby epithelial cells.
TRUE

83. Blood with excess oxygen causes cyanosis.

FALSE

84. The major blood vessels that supply the skin lie between the dermis and the epidermis.
FALSE

85. The outermost layer of the epidermis is the stratum basale and the innermost layer is the stratum corneum.
FALSE

86. Melanocytes synthesize melanin, which protects underlying cells from the effects of ultraviolet light.
TRUE

87. The dermis is very flat compared to the epidermis, which has ridges projecting inward and elevations called
papillae.
FALSE

88. Sunlight, ultraviolet light, and X rays all darken skin because they increase blood flow to the dermis.
FALSE

89. Three physiological factors that affect the color of skin are: volume of blood in dermal vessels, carotene in
the subcutaneous layer, and various diseases.
TRUE

90. Epidermal cells that move up through the strata become very keratinized as they die due to a lack of blood
supply.
TRUE

91. Melanin production is greater in the skin of people who live outdoors all the time than in people who do
not.
TRUE

92. The amount of keratin protein produced during keratinization determines hair color.
FALSE

93. Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, which kills bacteria on the skin.
FALSE

94. After a shower, a young woman typically loses what looks like many hundreds of hairs. She should be
concerned, because the average number of hairs lost per day is 20 to 100.
TRUE

95. The arrector pili muscle is composed of striated muscle tissue.

FALSE

96. The secretion of the sebaceous glands is called sebum.
TRUE

97. When body temperature drops below normal, dermal blood vessels dilate.
FALSE

98. If the temperature of the body drops below the normal range, the skin responds by constricting epidermal
blood vessels, activating sweat glands, and inactivating muscles.
FALSE

99. Dermal blood vessels constrict to a greater extent at 97.2 degrees Fahrenheit than at 98.4 degrees
Fahrenheit.
TRUE

100. A burn that affects the epidermis only is called a deep partial-thickness burn.
FALSE

101. Healing of a deep partial-thickness burn involves production of new cells from the stratum basale, or
germinativum.
FALSE

102. A burn that destroys the epidermis, dermis, and accessory organs is a full-thickness burn. The skin
becomes dry and leathery.
TRUE

103. Skin cancers originating from epithelial cells are melanomas and those arising from melanocytes are
carcinomas.
FALSE

104. Carcinomas are rarer than melanomas and occur primarily in people who work indoors but occasionally
experience blistering sunburns during weekend activity.
FALSE

105. Because melanomas develop from melanocytes, they are always dark.
FALSE

106. Melanomas appear most often in the skin of the trunk, especially in the back, or in the skin of the limbs.
TRUE

107. Typically, a melanoma spreads through the skin horizontally but can grow downward into the dermis and
can even invade deeper tissues.
TRUE

108. The deepest cells of the epidermis make up the stratum _____.
basale

109. As epidermal cells are pushed toward the surface, strands of protein called __________ accumulate in their
cytoplasm.
keratin

110. Melanin protects underlying cells against the effects of ______ light.
ultraviolet

111. The ______ glands of the skin function as scent glands.
apocrine

112. Dark hair contains an abundance of the pigment ____________.

melanin

113. Body temperature normally remains close to ______ degrees C.

37

Test Bank for Holeâ€™s Human Anatomy & Physiology, 12th Edition: David Shier
ch6 Summary
Category # of Questions
Boxed Reading: Clinical Application 6.1 11
Boxed Reading: Vignette 3
Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze 16
Difficulty Level: Evaluate/Create 21
Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand 76
Learning Outcome: 06.01 3
Shier - Chapter 06 113
Topic: Integumentary System 113
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Test Bank for Holeâ€™s Human Anatomy &amp; Physiology, 12th Edition: David Shier

Test Bank for Holeâ€™s Human Anatomy &

To download the complete and accurate content document, go to:

Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

2. The human integumentary system includes

6. Nerve fibers scattered throughout the dermis are associated with

7. Which of the following is not correct concerning the skin?

9. The skin appears yellowish if a person eats too much

12. What determines the color of skin?

13. The subcutaneous layer of skin consists of

16. The melanocytes in very dark skin

17. The functions of skin include

18. Epidermis is ________________, whereas dermis is ________________.

19. The subcutaneous layer is

21. The nerve fibers in the dermis stimulate

27. The epidermis

29. Corns are

31. Accessory structures of the skin originate from the

32. The nail plate is produced by

33. A nail consists of a

34. The hardness of a nail comes from

36. A hair is distinguished from a hair follicle by

37. Eumelanin and pheomelanin are

39. Gray hair is

41. Sebaceous glands secrete

42. Eccrine sweat glands

43. Apocrine sweat glands are most abundant on or in the

44. Eccrine sweat glands differ from sebaceous glands

46. Body heat is lost primarily by

48. Sweat cools the body by

52. Individuals at elevated risk for hypothermia include

53. The skin dissipates excess body heat by

54. Inflammation makes skin

56. Which of the following happens first after a scab forms?

58. A burn affecting only the epidermis is a

59. An autograft covers an injured area of skin with

64. As a person ages, the skin typically becomes

66. Skin wrinkles with age because

68. The advantage of cryo-electron tomography is that it

71. Skin cancer is most likely to develop from

72. Cutaneous carcinomas are usually caused by exposure to

73. We enjoy sunbathing because it stimulates keratinocytes to release

74. Which person is at highest risk of developing a cutaneous carcinoma?

76. A future treatment for baldness may potentially be

77. Acne is a disorder of the

79. The skin is one of the larger organs of the body.

83. Blood with excess oxygen causes cyanosis.

95. The arrector pili muscle is composed of striated muscle tissue.

96. The secretion of the sebaceous glands is called sebum.

111. The ______ glands of the skin function as scent glands.

112. Dark hair contains an abundance of the pigment ____________.

113. Body temperature normally remains close to ______ degrees C.

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

2. The human integumentary system includes

Difficulty Level: Evaluate/Create

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Difficulty Level: Evaluate/Create

5. The dermis is composed largely of

Test Bank for Holeâ€™s Human Anatomy & Physiology, 12th Edition: David Shier

18. Epidermis is , whereas dermis is .