BLUEBERRIES: A SUPERFOOD

Eating blueberries has many health benefits

Superfoods are known for their health benefits. Eating superfoods can help a person
live longer, fight disease, and even cure depression.
Salmon, avocado, and mangos are superfoods. Doctors recommend eating them
regularly to promote health. Blueberries are one of the most well-known superfoods in
the world. To get all of the benefits of this superfood, look closely at blueberry-
flavored food. Most foods with blueberry flavor do not contain real blueberries.
Blueberries health benefits affect every body system. The fruit can prevent memory
loss in old age. The vitamins in the berries help the brain to function better.
Blueberries have the most antioxidants of any other fruit. Antioxidants prevent cancer
and other diseases. Blueberries can also help digestion, and promote stomach health.
Blueberries will become inedible quickly after they are picked, so eat fresh
blueberries with yogurt, in muffins, or with cereal.
Those berries are inedible even though they look just like raspberries. Esas bayas son
incomibles a pesar de que parecen frambuesas.
When David accidentally used salt instead of sugar, the cake became inedible.
Cuando accidentalmente David utilizó sal en vez de azúcar, el pastel quedó
incomible.
 JEWEL IN THE DESERT
The rich culture of Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia is seen as conservative to most of the modern world. However, a look
inside the country shows a rich cultural tradition. The ancestors of today’s Saudi
Arabians were Bedouins, who were nomads in the desert. Many Saudi Arabian sports,
traditional clothing, and even music were inspired by this influential group. Though
Saudi Arabia offers no tourist visas, the country has a long history of hospitality and
innovation.
Saudi Arabia’s culture makes it unique both in the Middle East and in the rest of the
world. Men traditionally wear a thawb, which is a long white shirt. They wear a red
and white ghutra on their heads. Women traditionally wear a black abaya, or a long
dress that covers the whole body. Saudi Arabian sports are very popular. Horse-racing
is the most popular sport, but camel-racing is very competitive, as well. Golf,
introduced in the 1980s, is also popular.
 CHINA’S GREEN WALL
China will plant forests to protect against deserts

China is an industrialized country that competes with other world powers on an

international scale. Unfortunately, progress in China has a price. The country’s deserts
are growing quickly. In fact, 27% of the country is becoming a desert. Farmers who
live in the area are losing money because their crops do not grow as well. However,
China’s government has a plan to stop the desert’s growth.
This year, China finished the first phase of a seventy-three-year project to build a
second Great Wall, but this time it will be made of trees. The “Great Green Wall” will
be 4,480 kilometers long, and will stretch along the edge of the Gobi desert. Beijing,
the capital of China, has its own plan to replant trees around the city. Beijing has
problems with sandstorms and hopes to fix this issue with a huge planting project.
 HEALTHY RELATIONSHIP SKILLS
Skills that every person needs for healthy romantic relationships

Joanne Davila is a professor of psychology and the director of clinical training at

Stony Brook University in Stony Brook, New York. She is studying romantic
competence, which is the ability to function across all areas and aspects of the
relationship process. According to her and her colleagues, there are three core skills
behind romantic competence that every person needs to have a healthy romantic
relationship. The first skill is insight.
Insight is about awareness, understanding, and learning so you have a better idea of
who you are, what you need, and why you do things. The second core skill is
mutuality. Mutuality is about ensuring each partner’s needs are being addressed. The
third skill is emotion regulation. This is about regulating your feelings in response to
things that happen in your relationship. It’s never too early to start to learn these
abilities to have happy and healthy relationships.
Why Babies Hiccup
Researchers have discovered why babies hiccup

Outside of sleeping and eating, babies and hiccups go hand in hand. It’s normal
behavior that parents shouldn’t be alarmed by. In fact, babies can hiccup when they’re
still in the womb, and newborns can hiccup several minutes a day. Taking a break
from feeding to burp a baby can help prevent or pacify their hiccupping. Although it’s
normal for a baby to get a case of the hiccups, why do they get them in the first place?
According to a new study published in Clinical Neurophysiology, researchers found
that hiccups are a part of a baby's development and part of how they learn about how
their bodies work. Hiccups help babies control their breathing or hold their breath, so
as adults they can breathe deeply or hold their breath for long periods. Overall, it’s
excellent for babies but researchers still have not been able to identify why adults
hiccup.
Protecting Vehicle Occupants
Technology creates vehicle sensors

Children and animals left in unattended vehicles have become a worldwide issue that
requires an inexpensive and effective solution. Researchers at the University of
Waterloo have developed a convenient and inexpensive sensor that triggers an alarm
to prevent unattended vulnerable parties from being left inside a vehicle. The sensor
functions as a radar system that can identify spatial elements of the vehicle and detect
unattended children or animals with 100% accuracy.
This technology is funded by automotive manufacturers and is designed to be
mounted on the ceiling of a vehicle or rear-view mirror so that it can emit its signals
to interpret the reflections produced. There are multiple uses that are being researched
with this device, such as monitoring driver impairment, fatigue, illness, and
distraction. The problems that are solved by this device show a great deal of promise
for the future of automation in the auto industry.
White Airplanes
Reasons why most airplanes are painted white

Internationally, white is the most widely used color for airplanes. Why is this? The
explanation for its popularity comes down to two basic reasons: science and
economics. The color white reflects sunlight the best, keeping the plane as cool as
possible. That helps to shield the plane's plastic parts from excess heat. A white plane
dissipates dangerous solar radiation. White paint is like sunblock for airplanes.
Interestingly, birds respond better to white airplanes.
A study showed that fewer birds collide with white airplanes than with light or dark
blue airplanes. White planes are easier for the birds to spot and they can avoid them
more effectively. Also, white paint is cheaper than other paint colors. An average
commercial airplane requires sixty-five gallons of paint to complete. An airplane that
has been painted white requires less maintenance than an unpainted plane that needs
to be polished regularly.
A "Wake Up" Application
This app can save the lives of many sleepy drivers

A simple lack of sleep can put ourselves and others at risk behind the wheel. A study
discovered that sleepy drivers caused a whopping 72,000 accidents and 800 deaths in
about a year. In response to the sizable number of sleep-related crashes each year,
researchers at the Hong Kong Baptist University developed a smartphone app that can
detect drowsiness and alert drivers before an accident happens.
Using real-time video technology, the app tracks and analyzes facial features such as
variations of the eyelids and head position. Just initiate the app and point the phone
toward yourself near the steering wheel. If the camera catches you nodding off, an
alarm will wake you up. Everyone from the average driver to professional truckers
can use it. Until technology improves to keep us awake, your best safeguard may be a
nap before you hit the road.
Protein Powder
Can it replace the real thing?

Protein provides a multitude of benefits to our body, such as repairing cells and
encouraging healthy growth and development. Many people nowadays are opting for
a powdered form of protein. There is a wide variety of protein powders on the market,
such as whey and soy, to give a protein boost to foods that wouldn’t originally contain
high quantities of it. But, is getting protein from powder just as beneficial as getting it
from whole foods?
According to Nancy Rodriguez, professor of nutritional sciences at the University of
Connecticut, the answer is no. She says there are bioactive ingredients in foods that
can’t be duplicated in powder and eating food that is naturally high in protein provides
a rich nutrient package. However, protein powders are convenient; you can whip up
your favorite protein shake at the drop of a hat, and they could be advantageous for
people who exercise frequently.
Happiness
How anger contributes to happiness
Previous research in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General shows that
being truly happy might include experiencing a full range of meaningful emotions,
including anger or hatred. For the study, which focused on the impact of many
emotions on overall feelings of happiness, researchers interviewed 2324 students from
eight countries. Those surveyed were asked about the feelings they experience, as well
as those they would like to experience. The final results are surprising. The study
showed that negative emotions contribute to general happiness.
Surprisingly, participants whose actual feelings aligned closely with their desired
feelings reported higher life satisfaction, even if the feelings they experienced were
not always positive. Researchers explained the study results by noting that sometimes
negative emotions allow for emotional release, or can lead to desired outcomes. For
example, anger can motivate people to fight against injustice. So, the next time you
are ready to boil over, remember that sometimes embracing even negative emotions
can lead to a happier life.
Animals Predict Earthquakes
The ICARUS initiative will study a variety of flying animal movement patterns

The ancient Romans were the first people to notice that animals seem to behave
strangely before an earthquake occurs. There are many anecdotal explanations for
why this happens, but so far, no scientific study has been able to measure this
phenomenon. That, however, is about to change. The International Cooperation for
Animal Research Using Space (ICARUS) initiative is a German and Russian joint
venture which seeks to track flying animal migration patterns from space.
One thousand birds and bats will be gently fitted with small tracking tags that can be
monitored in real time from the International Space Station. These tags will
communicate animal locations in real time via radio-frequency. Not only will this help
scientists to better understand migration patterns in general for these animals, but it
may also offer an explanation for why and how some animals respond to the subtle
magnetic changes in the Earth’s surface that occur before earthquakes.
The Venice of the East
The park of the future in Bangkok, Thailand
Within the heart of Bangkok, Thailand is Chulalongkorn University Centenary Park,
an eleven-acre lush greenery, which lights up the concrete jungle that the city has
become. The park is on Chulalongkorn University’s campus and acts as a cultural hub
through the features it offers. These features include an amphitheater, playground,
museum, recreational areas, and flower garden. The park has also become a modern-
day hanging garden through some of the technological marvels it implements.
Chulalongkorn University Park was designed by the architect Kotchakorn
Voraakhom, and her Bangkok firm called Landprocess. The park serves as an intricate
drainage system, as the city is susceptible to flooding from the Chao Phraya River. An
elevated green roof rests on top of the park museum, which sits at a decline and feeds
into a 250,000-gallon reservoir. This multi-purpose reservoir also serves as a source of
fresh water to hydrate the greenery.
White Shark Attack
Surfer survives shark attack

Joe Tanner was attacked by a white shark while he was surfing in Indian Beach in
Oregon’s Ecola State Park. The surfer was paddling on his surfboard waiting to catch
a wave when the shark bit his leg. He was able to escape by kicking the shark several
times in its sensitive gills. He then swam to shore and performed first aid using
bandages to stop the flow of the blood. The police arrived soon after.
A helicopter flew him to Legacy Medical Center where he was treated. The shark left
him an open wound fifteen centimeters deep on the upper right part of his thigh.
Tanner has undergone three surgeries so far to repair the muscle and other damage to
his leg. Doctors expected the surfer to be able to walk again six weeks after his third
surgery. Tanner expected to eventually return to surfing.
Environmentally Friendly Rice
Costa Rica produces pesticide-free rice

A program in Costa Rica seeks to promote pesticide-free rice. Officials presented the
results of a four-year project, which resulted in a product called EcoArroz (Eco Rice).
Instead of using pesticides to control pests and diseases, the project used plants and
insects as natural barriers to protect rice crops. The process allowed them to keep the
production cycle as natural as possible.
Farmers used wasps and ladybugs, which feed on the mites and larvae that damage
rice crops. Contrary to popular belief, the lack of chemicals to control pests does not
alter the shelf life of rice. Actually, it provides more minerals and the rice is more
nutritious. Rice is an essential product in the Costa Rican diet, and many families eat
it two or three times a day. Now it is much healthier.
Images of a Dwarf Galaxy
Amazing images released of the dwarf galaxy NGC 4789A

New images of the irregular dwarf galaxy NGC 4789A were released by NASA. They
show gas, dust, and stars spread across the sky in an irregular and disorderly manner.
But what was more fascinating about these photos are the other galaxies that appear in
the background as oval-shaped blurry images. These images appear random, but in
reality, they are all held together by gravity.
Dwarf galaxies can contain from 200 million to a few billion stars, and medium or
large galaxies can contain hundreds of billions of stars. Scientists at NASA also
observed that this particular small galaxy contains a mixture of blue and red stars.
Blue stars are brighter, hotter, and younger, and red stars are older. According to
NASA, this gives us a front row seat to the awe-inspiring universe we live in.
Amazing Whales
A marine biologist explains why whales are important

Asha de Vos is a marine biologist who understands how vital whales are to the
world’s oceans. She is fascinated by the sounds whales make. However, she knows
these sounds are for more than communication. Whales use echolocation to navigate
and find food due to their poor eyesight. She notes that one reason whales are
important is that they help transfer nutrients from the depths of the ocean to the
surface waters.
These nutrients stimulate the creation of phytoplankton, a crucial food source for
marine life. While people have taken steps to reduce the negative impacts of whaling,
human activity still harms whales. Ship traffic can lead to collisions between whales
and ships. It also creates sound pollution which interferes with whale communication.
While it may feel like only a drop in the ocean, Asha de Vos says people can help
whales by sharing information about why they are important.
The Science of Height
Scientists discover genes that influence height

A study using data from over 700,000 people by the Genetic Investigation of
Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) consortium led to the discovery of eighty-three DNA
changes related to height. Previous research had revealed approximately 700 common
genetic factors associated with height, but the study identified rare markers. These
rare gene variants, present in less than 6% of the population, can account for changes
as large as one inch in height.
Geneticists have the data needed to account for 27% of the genetics which determines
the height. Prior to this study, only 20% of the genes affecting height had been
determined. Data show that heritability is the largest factor contributing to height. In
fact, about 80% of the variability in height is due to inherited genes. The study’s
authors hope that testing the discovered rare genetic variants can lead to advances in
multiple areas of medicine.
Future Artists Could Be Robots
A.I. is transforming the art industry

In recent years, modern technology has permeated almost every aspect of human life.
Smart phones, Alexa and Tesla are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to
artificial intelligence performing technical tasks. Algorithms are also virtually
everywhere in our day-to-day lives from Google search to dating apps. However, new
developments are now taking computer power a step further by entering the art field.
Artificial intelligence is now able to recognize a wide range of art styles and
movements and is learning from it. As a result, we are looking at a future where A.I.
can master what we as humans have always thought was quintessentially ours.
Technology is now working towards having the creative capability of personal
expression and creating new unconventional styles of art. As a new era of art emerges,
this will change the way we think about art, artists, and masterpieces.
Rollerman: A Modern Superhero
How one brave student created a sport and became a superhero
Faster than a motorcycle, more powerful than a bobsled, able to rush down steep hills
with a single push – it’s Rollerman! He may look and sound like a fantasy superhero,
but rest assured, Rollerman is real. In 1994, Jean Yves Blondeau had to come up with
a final project for his studies at the National School of Applied Arts in Paris. He
wanted to create something original, so he designed a full-bodysuit with thirty-two
wheels.
Blondeau wore the suit and was able to maneuver as if his own body were a vehicle.
“Every phenomena of acceleration and braking, you have to learn," explained
Blondeau. He called his new sport Buggy Rollin, and it became popular with extreme
sports enthusiasts and spectators who loved seeing him perform in his superhero suit.
Although Blondeau envisions a future with many Buggy Rollin athletes, he remains
the one and only Rollerman.
Unexpected Hitchhiker
New Mexico bear invites itself for a ride

A peculiar event occurred in the USA in the town of Los Alamos, New Mexico. A
hungry bear wandered into a dumpster in search of food. But his meal was interrupted
when a trash collector unknowingly dispensed the dumpster’s contents, bear included,
into his vehicle and drove off. He heard a loud squeal a few moments later, so he
stopped the vehicle to inspect the cause of the sound.
The sound came from a brown bear perched atop the truck. The driver was surprised
and unsure about what to do, but someone nearby came to his aid. They suggested he
drive close to a tree as they took photos to document the incident. The bear leaped
onto the tree before jumping down and scampering away into the wilderness. It was
definitely not an ordinary day on the job for the trash collector.
Rube Goldberg’s Machines
The man behind complicated contraptions of cause and effect

A cat attacks a mouse who is sitting on a scale. This causes the scale to tip, raising a
candle. The candle then lights the fuse on a small explosive that in turn pushes open a
door. This is a classic example of a Rube Goldberg machine as created by the famous
cartoonist, but what inspired Goldberg to invent these contraptions? Born in San
Francisco, the young Goldberg loved to draw, yet his father sent him to study
engineering.
After graduating from the University of California at Berkeley, Goldberg helped to
design sewer systems; however, his heart wasn’t in it, and he soon left for a career in
cartooning. Goldberg’s cartoons eventually caught on; however, it was only after he
combined his skills and began sketching crazy machines that he became a household
name, representing overly complicated contraptions that rely on a hilarious series of
causes and effects.
Professional Runners Help Each Other
A tale of sportsmanship by women on the track

When New Zealand distance runner, Nikki Hamblin, tripped and fell during an
important 5,000-meter semifinals race, she caused American runner, Abbey
D’Agostino, to go down with her. D’Agostino had been running behind Hamblin in
the race. “I went down, and I was like, ‘What’s happening? Why am I on the
ground?’” Hamblin said, via Los Angeles Times. “Suddenly, there’s this hand on my
shoulder," she added.
I heard D’Agostino saying, “Get up, get up, we have to finish this.” And I’m like,
“Yup, yup, you’re right... We have to finish this.” As the race continued, it became
clear that D'Agostino's injury was more serious than anticipated; her ankle had been
badly hurt. This time, Hamblin encouraged D'Agostino to finish the race. The two
runners were reinstated as finalists by the organizers and also received an award for
sportsmanship.
Helping Blind People Read
New technology allows blind people to read without braille

New technology has been developed that helps blind people read without braille.
There are already apps with a similar purpose. These apps work by taking a picture of
the text and then the reader translates the text to speech. The major issue with these
apps is that users are unable to ensure that their photo captures the complete text.
There are also difficulties associated with different layouts like newspapers and
menus.
The latest technology is a tiny camera that users attach to the tip of their fingers. The
miniature camera, measuring just one millimeter across, was originally developed for
endoscopies. As the person glides their finger along a line of text a nearby computer
reads the words out loud. Audio cues or gentle vibrations help guide the user to place
their finger in the correct position. Some users were very optimistic after testing out
the new device.
Man Landed a Job Through Game
Are online games going to be part of recruitment?

Technology has changed the way we job hunt and has truly opened up the world to us.
We can reach people who are across the globe and even upload our CV for other
companies to find us easily. However, the most difficult task is proving our skills and
networking to get our dream job. Have you ever dreamt of scoring a job in Silicon
Valley? This dream came true for James Johnston by simply playing online.
He had been playing on CodeFights for about two days when he got a pop-up message
asking him if he was interested in job opportunities. After this, the job offers started
pouring in. There are over 200 firms that use this platform to get new recruits. With
this innovative company, you don't need to network to get a job; you simply have to
show your skills.
Careful Vacation Planning
Enjoying popular destinations

Current events have impacted tourism, but popular destination sites should plan for
future visitors. In normal times, due to the overwhelming number of tourists, some
sites have to take measures to limit the number of tourists. In Italy, the government
takes measures to control the number of tourists in two hotspots, Venice and Cinque
Terre. Machu Picchu is suffering deterioration due to the number of people, so the
government limits access to 500 permits per day.
Yosemite National Park in the United States has problems with congestion and car
pollution. So, the number of daily visitors is limited and they shuttle people in buses
to reduce the pollution. Antarctica limits visitors to 500 per day. The Galapagos
Islands requires permits and has strict rules for tourists. Next, Barcelona, Spain has
put a freeze on hotel construction. They have become victims of their own popularity!
Big-Brained Bilinguals
Learning a second language promotes the growth of grey matter
Previous studies have demonstrated that bilinguals possess a greater ability to focus
than monolinguals while also being less prone to Alzheimer’s disease; however, a
study has shown that bilingual brains actually contain more physical grey matter than
monolinguals. Furthermore, this grey matter expansion occurs in the executive control
area of the brain, where higher cognitive functions, such as critical thinking and
analysis, take place.
This buildup of grey matter is surprisingly similar to the growth of muscles during a
strenuous athletic workout. As bilinguals “flex” their brains to accommodate and
manage two languages, they build grey matter. This does not necessarily make them
smarter, but it helps them develop the deep reasoning areas of the brain. Furthermore,
grey matter growth can happen at any age; therefore, learning a second language is an
excellent remedy for forgetfulness in old age.
Tech: Sunglasses for Sleep
Wearing orange sunglasses before bed may help with restful sleep

Most people use their computers or smartphones before they go to sleep. New
scientific research says that looking at these bright screens before bed may cause
problems with sleep. They affect the amount of a sleep hormone called melatonin in
the body. Scientists say that the type of light that affects sleep most is blue light,
mostly from electronics. Wearing glasses that block this blue light allows people to
get better sleep.
These orange glasses are known as “blue blockers” and have been available for many
years. There are many other products that can help block blue light. An app called
f.lux can be downloaded onto the computer and set to block blue light at a certain time
of day. The Twilight and Bluelight Filter apps work with smartphones and tablets.
Other options are to use a smaller screen before bed or to avoid electronics at night.
The Flower Festival of Medellin
A colorful celebration of Colombia’s heritage

Colombia is a country known for its many exciting festivals. Perhaps its most popular
is the annual Flower Festival of Medellin. The festival runs for ten days every August.
Usually, when there is no pandemic, there are many events held, such as an orchid
competition, horse rides through town, a classic car parade, music concerts, and
dancing. The festival also begins and ends with a large firework display. The highlight
of the festival is the Flower Parade.
The event hosts hundreds of local flower farmers making beautiful flower
arrangements on silletas—wooden frames. They carry the silletas on their backs.
Medellin is known as the City of Eternal Spring because of its warm climate year-
round. There are no seasons, which means it’s a perfect place for cultivating flowers.
The festival began in 1957 to celebrate the region’s flower-growing industry.
Colombia is the world’s second-largest producer of cut flowers, after Holland.
A Coconut Crab's Strong Grip
Coconut crabs are the crustacean with the most powerful claws

Japanese scientists recorded the claw strength of coconut crabs. These giant
crustaceans weigh up to four kilograms and measure up to forty centimeters in length.
They have a leg span of almost a meter and they can lift up to twenty-eight kilograms.
Their powerful grip is ten times stronger than any humans. It is useful for cracking
open hard coconuts. It has always been well known these crabs have extremely
powerful claws.
However, the force of their claws had never been precisely measured. The researchers
had a tricky time catching these beasts without suffering from their bone-crushing
pinches. Once they had successfully captured the crabs, they gave them a force sensor
to squeeze. They found out that claw strength increased proportionally with body
weight. The coconut crabs have multiple uses for their exceptionally strong claws.
They use them for acquiring food, as well as for defense.
Extinguish Fires with Sound Waves
Using the “thump-thump” of hip-hop bass to put out flames

Imagine putting out a fire as easily as you blow out candles on a birthday cake! That’s
the principle behind a new type of fire extinguisher using sound waves. Fires need
oxygen to burn; the sound waves push the air away from the burning materials.
Starved for oxygen, the fire is snuffed out. The process is the brainchild of two
George Mason University engineering students, Seth Robertson and Viet Tran. "It's
low-frequency sounds --like the thump-thump bass in hip-hop-- that works," Tran
said.
Conventional fire extinguishers are compressed air tanks spewing out chemicals,
water, and foam. Using sound waves is a relatively non-destructive method of fire
control because the apparatus is both chemical and water-free. Mounted over a
stovetop, the device could put out grease fires before they spread. Attached to swarm
robotics, sound can help firefighters battle large forest fires or flames on a tall
building.
Tying the Knot
Researchers find the best age for a successful marriage

Through the years, the age at which people marry has changed dramatically.
Influential facts such as social roles and financial concerns impact this. It’s been
thought the older people are, the more likely they are to have a successful marriage
and avoid divorce. Now research is showing that might not actually be the case. While
waiting can reduce the likelihood of divorce, waiting too long can swing the
pendulum in the opposite direction.
Researchers have considered many reasons for the finding that marrying later can
increase the chance of divorce again. They believe that those who wait may be less
enthusiastic about marriage and commitment, or may have problems relating to
others. They also warn against marrying too young before developing good
relationship experience and expectations. In general, age twenty-seven to age thirty-
two seems to be your best bet.
Makeup Patches
The future of makeup

As we all know too well, makeup has long been an indispensable part of almost every
woman’s look. However, getting just the right amount of makeup to cover up your
imperfections can be a challenge. It can be extremely frustrating when you don't know
how to use all of the utensils and use the proper portions of each makeup.
Nevertheless, technology will hopefully ease this bothersome task.
In the exhibition in Ceatec, Japan, a smart mirror which analyzes your skin and finds
blemishes, spots and flaws on your skin was presented. Furthermore, it creates patches
that help cover these imperfections without having to apply layers of makeup. It not
only is faster, but it is also lighter and it feels more natural. It is so efficient that one of
its creators, Masayo Fuchigami, uses it herself.
Animal Question of the Week
Why don’t woodpeckers get headaches?

We all hit our heads now and then. This often leads to a headache. Woodpeckers, on
the other hand, are birds that intentionally hit their heads against trees for survival.
Why don't they get headaches? Size is everything. Their brains are minuscule–just
0.07 ounces. The pecking is not done with direct hits, but rather they use glancing
blows. The contact with the wood is for a mere 0.5–1 milliseconds.
This helps soften the blow. Some woodpeckers practice tapping or rapid pecking to
signal for a mate or to mark their territory. Choosing resonant surfaces, like a hollow
tree, softens the blows. The skull bone design and snug fit of their brain within the
skull are further refinements in their structure that help avoid punishing blows. That is
why woodpeckers don't get throbbing headaches.
The Winning Effect
Winners will most likely win in the future

Athletes feed off the thrill of winning. Often, one win leads to another win. Some
people say that this is because of talent, skill and a little bit of luck. While all of those
factors play a part, something psychological also happens. If a person wins once, their
chances of winning again become much greater. This strange phenomenon is known
as the winning effect, and it plays a part in all types of competition. When a person
wins, he builds confidence.
Being confident makes that person perform better in future competitions. Also, the
winner experiences a boost of testosterone immediately after the win. Testosterone
makes people more aggressive. However, the loser feels a rush of cortisol after the
loss. Cortisol is a stress hormone that makes a person fearful and afraid of taking
risks. It's no wonder that losers tend to lose again, and winners tend to keep on
winning.
The Northern Lights
Understanding the aurora borealis
The northern lights can be seen in the northern hemisphere. This is when you can see
many different colors of lights in the sky at night. The official scientific name is the
aurora borealis. There is something similar in the southern hemisphere, called the
aurora australis. Stargazing enthusiasts enjoy following these natural phenomena.
Alaska, Canada and Denmark are popular viewing sites for the northern lights, while
Argentina and New Zealand are best for the southern version.
These natural wonders are caused by the sun when millions of particles are released
due to extremely high temperatures. Many of these particles enter the earth’s
atmosphere naturally. This is called the solar wind. When solar wind enters our
atmosphere, the reaction releases light-making photons. These are the aurora borealis
and aurora australis. When solar wind synthesizes with oxygen, there are red and
green lights. When it synthesizes with nitrogen, there are blue and red lights.
Rice Throwing at Weddings
What is the origin of this bizarre ritual?

One of the most common traditions that is seen at weddings is the act of throwing rice
at the couple after the ceremony has concluded. But, why do we pelt our newly
married friends with uncooked starchy foods, you may ask? This time-honored
tradition began with the ancient Romans, and it’s meant to wish fertility for the
newlyweds. They originally threw wheat, but soon after, rice became the universal
symbol for fertility.
In some versions of the tradition, the rice is eaten after it is thrown as a compliment to
the bride. Other countries have their own take on this tradition. Italian weddings
commonly end with candy and sugared nuts being lobbed at the happy couple. In
Morocco, people pelt them with raisins. The rice toss lost some luster when it was
believed that bird’s stomachs would explode if they ate the rice. This rumor, however,
has been proven false.
A Link to the Past
Mayan document proved to be oldest in the Americas

One of the sources of our most accurate and detailed information about the lives of
ancient people is the countless number of artifacts that have been found all over the
world. These remnants of earlier societies often give clues to the traditions and beliefs
of the people who created them. One such relic, the Grolier Codex, has provided
useful information about the Mayan people. However, the codex was believed to be
forged.
The Grolier Codex depicts Mayan gods and rituals, as well as a calendar, and even
communication between the Mayans and other civilizations. Since the codex was
thought to be a fake, it has been hidden in the basement of the Mexican National
Museum of Anthropology for many years. Researchers from three North American
universities have found proof this codex is authentic, making it officially the oldest
document in the Americas.
An Office in a Box
England’s famous red phone booths get converted into tiny offices

For many years, city streets in England have been home to red telephone booths. But
now that most people have a cellular phone, the original purpose of these boxes is
outdated. What can be done with these booths? An American company is transferring
them into what they call Pod Works. They are little office workspaces geared for
business people and entrepreneurs on-the-go. They retrofitted the phone booths to
include wi-fi and a twenty-five-inch screen.
The workspaces also have a wireless mouse, a printer/scanner, plugs and recharging
connectors. Users pay a monthly fee equivalent to visiting a local coffee bar twice a
week. They are given a pin code that allows them to unlock any of the pods whenever
they want. The office pods have security cameras and are maintained and cleaned
daily. The company plans to have 82 pods open for business soon, with the goal of
having three hundred across England.
Bionic Yarn
From garbage on the beach to blue jeans

Who doesn't love relaxing walks on the beach and sinking your toes into the white
sand? A day at the beach can be very enjoyable and therapeutic. Sadly, it often means
you will see a lot of garbage. Every year, an estimated 8.8 million tons of plastic ends
up in our oceans. Soon, there might be more garbage in our oceans than fish. Thinking
of solutions to this massive problem can be overwhelming.
A company called Bionic Yarn hopes to make a difference. They make fabric from
recycled ocean plastic. In recent years, Bionic Yarn has transformed seven million
plastic bottles found on the beach. They began by making blue jeans because
everybody wears blue jeans. Now, you can find all different types of clothing made of
recycled polyester. This is a step in the right direction to help clean up our oceans.
Music from Space
Astronauts send their music to Earth from Space

Astronauts sent music to Earth from space for the first time over fifty years ago.
Wally Schirra and Tom Stafford smuggled a harmonica and a set of small bells on
board Gemini 6 and recorded the song “Jingle Bells” there. On their way home, as
they peeled off from their tandem spaceship, Gemini 7, they played a joke on Mission
Control. They said they had spotted a UFO (Unidentified Flying Object) near the
North Pole.
Their goal was to prove they had seen and heard Santa since “Jingle Bells” is Santa’s
signature song. Only two other astronauts have sent their music from space. Canadian
astronaut, Chris Hadfield, performed David Bowie’s “Space Oddity” on his own
guitar. The French astronaut, Thomas Pesquet, and his musician friend, Pierre-
Alexandre Busson, simultaneously recorded a song called “Live Alone”. Pesquet
recorded in space and Busson in France.
Paper Transportation
Mexican businessman develops first paper bicycle

Many corporations are utilizing technology that is environmentally friendly, or green,

to help preserve the planet. One Mexican entrepreneur, Alberto Gonzalez, founded
Greencode, a company that developed a bicycle made almost entirely of paper. The
manufacturing process for the bicycle uses clean energy. Even the bike’s box will not
go to waste since it provides instructions to reuse it for items like a laptop case, bag or
an item for a pet.
Gonzalez considers his invention an era of new bicycles. The bike is made of entirely
recycled materials. A paper bike might not seem very sturdy, but this invention has a
strong support panel. All plastic and metal parts are recycled and reusable, and most
of the bicycle is made of paper. Some benefits are that it will never get flat tires, it is
more affordable than a standard bicycle, and it is an earth-friendly way to get in
shape.
How to Pay Your Sleep Debt
Happy campers

How many hours did you sleep last night? Probably not enough. Apparently, our
electronic devices are distracting us and keeping us from sleeping at least seven hours
a week, the amount recommended by health professionals. Sleep debt often
contributes to many lasting problems like depression and diabetes. So, if you're deep
in debt, it's time to pay up, but how? A study published in Current Biology shows that
camping may be the best way to reset your sleep clock.
The volunteers went about their normal activities for a week and then went camping
the next week. While camping, they were active during the day and at night they were
only exposed to natural light and campfire light. The results were amazing. During
summer months, subjects' sleep clocks were moved by four hours and during winter
months, when there is less daylight, they were moved by two and half hours.
The Orange Crocodiles
Gabon’s orange cave crocodiles

A team of scientists went on an expedition into the Abanda caves in the rainforest of
Gabon. They found many creatures living in the cave such as bats, snakes, and several
types of insects. Among the cave dwellers, they found a surprise. The scientists found
a rare cave crocodile. They found that these cave crocodiles were strange in other
ways besides their choice of home. What made these crocodiles even more unique
was that they were orange.
Some of the crocodiles were trapped in their underground home. They were found in
parts of the cave system that were only accessible through a seven-meter-deep pit. The
Abanda cave-dwelling crocodiles are physically different from surface crocodiles. The
cave crocodiles had broader heads, poorer eyesight, and strange orange skin. The
Abanda crocodiles are the first crocodiles discovered living for long periods of time in
caves.
Dolphins Recorded Conversing
Two dolphins were recorded talking to each other
Russian scientists made the first recording of a pair of Black Sea bottlenose dolphins
having a conversation. The dolphins were recorded speaking sentences to each other
of up to five "words", but the researchers are still unable to understand the context. It
has long been known that dolphins could communicate using distinctive whistles and
clicks, but it was not previously clear if they could converse on a one-on-one basis.
The researchers' analysis showed the dolphins took turns producing distinctive
sentences and did not interrupt each other. This led them to believe the two dolphins
were listening to each other before responding. This type of communication indicates
a high level of consciousness and intelligence in dolphins. Their language can be
considered a highly developed spoken language, comparable to the human language.
he Food of the Future
A study shows insects can provide as much iron as beef

A report in the Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry has revealed that certain
types of insects can provide people with as many, or more, nutrients as beef. About
1,900 species of insects are known to be edible for humans, all of which are a good
source of protein. However, only some have the important minerals needed in a
healthy diet, like iron. In many cultures, insects have been part of the traditional diet
for years.
Only recently they have appeared on menus as a novelty food in gastronomy in the
Western world. Researchers have found that crickets and grasshoppers provide a
higher source of iron than beef, while mealworms provide about the same amount.
Most importantly, the minerals in insects can be more easily absorbed by the body
during digestion. Perhaps insects will become a popular food in the future as a
sustainable alternative for human dietary needs.
The Benefits of Weightlifting
Weightlifting can improve your health

Weightlifting can help you burn fat, reduce your risk of diabetes, and prevent back
pain. Like many forms of physical activity, a little lifting can work wonders for your
mental health. Weightlifting has been linked to reduced anxiety and depression as
well as improved self-esteem. And it may even boost your brainpower. Adding
strength work to your exercise routine doesn’t require a lot of time.
Weight training specialists say that around thirty to sixty minutes a week is plenty.
You don't even have to go to the gym to lift weights. You can lift weights with cans
and jars you find in your kitchen. You can lift weights using only your body. You can
buy a pair of five-pound dumbbells and lift along with a DVD in the comfort of your
own living room. Give weightlifting a try and see how you feel.
Your Dog is Listening
Your pet may understand what you are saying

Although we all like to talk to our pets, do they really understand what we are saying?
None of us really know. But a team of Hungarian scientists set out to discover how
much a dog really understands. They studied a group of well-trained dogs and, using
an MRI machine, tested their reactions to various phrases. The dog trainers uttered
several statements using different tones such as happy, neutral, and angry.
They determined that a dog’s brain functions similar to that of a human. Dogs
determine words with the right hemisphere of their brains while interpreting tones
with the left hemisphere. The dogs were able to distinguish the words even though the
tone of the speaker’s voice was opposite to the words. If the speaker said “Bad dog”
in a happy voice, the animal reacted as if it had done something wrong.
The Origin of Chewing Gum
Do you like to chew gum?

Until World War II, chewing gum was made of a substance called chicle mixed with
flavorings. Chicle is a latex sap that comes from the sapodilla tree, native to Central
America. In other words, chicle is a form of rubber. Just like rubber bands don't
dissolve when you chew them, neither does chicle. Chicle is a good bit softer than
rubber bands and softens more when it gets warm in your mouth.
If you freeze chicle, it gets stiff. Chicle hardens and softens over a narrow temperature
range. Post-World War II, chemists learned how to make artificial gum bases to
replace chicle. These are essentially synthetic rubbers that have the same gum bases
(either natural or artificial). They are mixed with sugar and flavorings to make
chewing gum. When you chew it, the rubber releases these flavorings into your
mouth.
Food: Eat Well, Waste Nothing
Use these tips to stop wasting food

In the United States, there exists a very strange statistic. Over forty-eight million
people experience “food insecurity” each year. This means that they are hungry or not
able to buy food. However, 40% of the food produced in the United States is wasted.
In her new “Waste-Free Kitchen Handbook,” author and food specialist Dana
Gunthers teaches Americans to waste less food and to eat more of the healthy food
they buy.
Gunthers says making time to eat fresh meals is important. Nowadays, both parents
usually work, and they are too tired to make fresh meals. Making time for food
preparation helps to avoid wasting fresh food. Also, buy the ingredients for salads
separately. Bagged salads expire and go bad much more quickly than individual
tomatoes and cucumbers. Finally, learn about expiration dates. Some foods are still
fresh past their “use by” date.
Digital Fashion: A New Trend
Increasingly Popular Fashion You Can't Wear

Many years ago, a clothes-loving emperor commissioned an invisible suit to be made

from fabric only the clever could see. Weavers pretended to make this custom creation
for the emperor, and he pretended to admire their work. He was too embarrassed to
admit that he couldn't actually see anything. He finally debuted his “invisible” new
outfit, but the public laughed at him because they were well-aware of the fact that the
emperor was actually naked.
Digital fashion has gained popularity in recent years, especially with the new
generation. Many pay a hefty price for this fashion, viewing it as an investment. A
CEO of a San Francisco-based security company spent $9500 on a dress that will
never actually be worn since it only exists online. Digital models on Instagram have
many followers and even receive sponsorship deals. Some say the future is here, but
should we all adapt?
Made-in-Japan English
These unique expressions mix English with Japanese to create new concepts
The English language is famous for assimilating words and expressions from other
languages and making them its own. Of course, linguistic borrowing happens in every
language. Perhaps one of the most playful examples is 和製英語 (wasei-eigo), which
translates as “made-in-Japan English.” Wasei-eigo is unique because rather than loan
words that are directly assimilated, these terms are merely based in English and
include Japanese sounds and affixes that flavor the end results.
An easily recognizable example of wasei-eigo is the term “manshon,” which clearly
resembles “mansion”; however, don’t get the wrong idea, a manshon is an apartment
building. “Donmai” comes from the old English expression “don’t pay that any
mind,” meaning “don’t worry.” If a friend serves you the wrong drink, you might
reply “donmai.” In English, a handsome older man, such as Antonio Banderas, is a
“silver fox,” but in wasei-eigo, he is “romansugurei,” or romance grey.
Uber Robot Cabs
An experiment with self-driving cars was carried out in Pensilvania

An experiment was conducted in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in the United States.

Autonomous cars hit the streets as part of Uber’s long-term plan to replace their one
million human drivers with robots. Uber’s self-driving Volvo XC90s picked up Uber
users and, those trips were completely free. This was great compared to the local rate
of $1.05/mile. Due to legal requirements, each XC90 had a “safety driver” in the
driver’s seat.
They were ready to take the wheel if something unexpected occurred. Many analysts
believe that autonomous cars are decades away. Uber’s CEO, Travis Kalanick,
disagrees. The company’s partnership with Volvo pledges $300 million dollars to
produce fully autonomous Volvo cars for public use. These robotic cars would lower
Uber's rates so much that traveling by Uber may be cheaper than having your own car.
Experts Study Marine Gardens
Can seaweed be the food of the future?

Experts are proposing edible seaweed as a food option in the face of water and land
shortages and climate change. Research aims to prove that seaweed varieties from the
oceans are excellent food sources for human consumption and commercial purposes.
Edible seaweeds are rich in fiber and protein. They also have minerals such as iron
and calcium, high-value fatty acids such as Omega 3 and 6, and vitamins from the
B12 complex. Experts studied growing seaweed in marine gardens.
These gardens consist of a large net anchored with sandbags along the seabed at thirty
meters deep. Seaweed adheres to the ropes, allowing researchers to harvest it.
Seaweed farming could provide social and environmental benefits. Seaweed helps
clean ocean water by removing excess nutrients. It also produces oxygen and removes
carbon dioxide through photosynthesis. Marine gardens promote biodiversity by
providing shelter and food for marine species, too.
An Octopus Has Multiple Brains
Study highlights animal's unique intelligence

The octopus is an unquestionably unique creature that shares the planet with us. It is
also highly intelligent. Did you know that an octopus enjoys solving puzzles and can
even open jars? The octopus is a cephalopod, so its intelligence has developed very
differently from that of human beings. It has 500 million neurons spread out between
a central brain and each of the animal’s eight tentacles, giving it a total of nine brains!
A study at the University of Washington has given even more insight into this
animal’s unique intelligence. The video from the study shows that the brains in its
tentacles are capable of transmitting messages without passing through the central
brain altogether in what scientists are calling a “neural ring”. This decentralized
intelligence allows the animal to easily multitask. Nature shows us once again that
there is not one form of intelligence on this earth.
Intelligent Dolphins
Dolphins have a highly developed spoken language

Cetologists have suspected for a long time that dolphins can communicate. These
scientists have confirmed that dolphins use words and sentences to speak to each
other, just like humans. The research proposes that their communication resembles the
conversations humans have. The clicks, whistles and other sounds that dolphins make
appear to be phrases and sentences that let the gentle aquatic mammals send messages
to each other. Dolphins use language to identify themselves and interact with each
other.
After recording two Black Sea bottlenose dolphins, scholars at the Karadag Nature
Reserve in Crimea made the discovery that dolphins have their own language. The
scientists noticed one dolphin listened to what the other was saying before responding.
Lead researcher Dr. Vyacheslav Ryabov said, "This exchange resembles a
conversation between two people." He then added dolphins’ language is “a highly
developed spoken language, like the human language."
Travel: The Ouachita Mountains
This unique mountain range has something for every type of vacationer

If you can't wait for travel to resume, now is a good time to research vacation
destinations for the future. The luscious Ouachita Mountain Range is located in
Arkansas and Oklahoma. It boasts of being only one of two mountain ranges that runs
east-west in the U.S.; however, it has many other features to brag about, including
hiking trails, sparkling crystal lakes, and even diamond mining. Future visitors to this
area can easily choose between a luxury vacation at a local resort or a rustic camping
trip in the Ouachita National Forest.
Those who stay at a local resort can enjoy the healing waters of the area’s hot springs.
Resorts, such as the DeGray Lake Lodge, offer guests luxury accommodation and
access to boat rentals with which they can enjoy the surrounding lakes. Those who
prefer to stay off the grid can choose from a number of campgrounds in the Ouachita
National Forest. The local must-see attraction is the Lover’s Leap trail with its
incredible view overlooking the surrounding forest.
Not From China
The fascinating history of fortune cookies

The quintessential dessert at a Chinese restaurant in the U.S. is a small, sweet cookie
with a message inside. The fortune cookie is a distinctly American invention. In fact,
it is hard to find one in China. The recipe is originally from Japan and came to the
U.S. in the 1890s. There is some debate over which California city was the first to
serve fortune cookies, but it is clear that they were well received. Americans consume
over three billion fortune cookies each year.
Once made by hand, they are now produced using a machine. The largest
manufacturer is in Brooklyn, New York. The cookies have messages inside that
contain a piece of advice, a Chinese word, and lucky numbers. Many people use the
numbers inside the cookies to play the lottery, and some have won big prizes. The
cookies contain sesame seed oil, giving the treats a unique taste.
Tech: The First Ferris Wheel
The Ferris wheel competed with the Eiffel Tower during Victorian World’s Fairs

When planning for the 1893 World’s Fair, which was to be held in Chicago, Illinois,
organizers knew that they would need to harness a wealth of creativity to outdo the
Paris World’s Fair of 1889, at which the Eiffel Tower was revealed. They sent the
word out to the best design and architecture minds available. A humble bridge builder
named George Washington Gale Ferris, Jr. saw their announcement and submitted his
dynamic and ambitious design.
Ferris’s wheel was not as tall as the Eiffel Tower, but it impressed fairgoers in another
way – it rotated, providing an ever-changing view of the world below. Needless to
say, the organizers loved the design and The Chicago Wheel became the main
attraction at the 1893 World’s Fair. Two thousand one hundred and sixty passengers
could enjoy a twenty-minute ride during each rotation of the wheel. This original
Ferris wheel inspired numerous predecessors.
Long Live Cascadia
The Pacific Northwest in the U.S. and Canada is a unique cultural region

Long before the TV Show Portlandia coined the catchphrases “put a bird on it” and
“we can pickle that” to exemplify some of the quirky social trends in the city of
Portland, Oregon, the Pacific Northwest was aware of its unique cultural personality.
This area, commonly referred to as Cascadia, includes the U.S. states of Oregon and
Washington and stretches from northern California to southern Alaska. It also
includes the world’s largest temperate rainforest.
The organization CascadiaNow defines the area as “a bioregion, a social movement,
and a vision.” CascadiaNow promotes “bioregional sustainability” and seeks local
empowerment for the area’s art and industry. Others have taken these ideas further,
suggesting that Cascadia declare its independence as a new country. Although
Cascadia’s secession from the U.S. and Canada probably won’t happen, the country’s
many resources could potentially make it an eco-conscious success story.
Little Cars, Big Style
Compact cars are becoming popular again

Automobiles have long been status symbols around the world. The bigger the car, the
richer you are. But rising oil prices are making many contemplate buying smaller cars.
Is it possible for smaller cars to be status symbols as well? There are many car
manufacturers who believe smaller cars can be popular. In Europe, smaller cars have
been popular for years. For example, the Austin MINI has been a best seller since
1959.
In Japan, there is actually a classification for small cars, called “kei cars,” where
consumers can receive reduced tax rates and cheaper insurance offered by the
government. This is in Japan's interest because space is at a premium in the congested
cities. However, these kei cars cannot measure more than 3.4 meters long and 1.48
meters wide. The maximum engine size is 660 CC, which is roughly the size of a mid-
range motorcycle engine.
National Hammock Day
Today is a day to celebrate relaxation

Although a common site throughout Central and South America, hammocks are few
and far between in the United States. They usually spring up during the summer
months as part of a backyard oasis, often serving as a reminder of a recent vacation to
a tropical paradise. However, for one day each year, the hammock is revered and
given the proper respect it deserves. Today is National Hammock Day. One special
day out of the year to relax and enjoy the breeze.
Hammocks were used in place of beds for nomadic tribes in the Americas. They are
convenient because hammocks can be transported easily and hung almost anywhere.
Sailors used them on ships because they don't take up much space. Some British
prisons used hammocks in place of beds to save money. Now, in the U.S., they are
mostly used for afternoon naps during the warm summer months.
Literate Pigeons
Studies suggest pigeons can recognize words

New research out of New Zealand proves that pigeons are smarter than they look. In a
study, researchers trained four pigeons to recognize words. These pigeons can now
recognize, with 70% accuracy, sixty words. They can distinguish between those words
and non-words. This is the first a non-primate has been proven to have an
orthographical brain. In addition, they could also detect bigrams, which are common
two-letter combinations in English (e.g. “th”, “he”, “es” and “ea”).
The researchers used a screen and showed the pigeons different types of letter
combinations. The birds pecked the combinations that were words or a star if the
combinations shown were non-words. According to scientists, this proves that humans
don’t have different abilities, just that we are better at using the abilities we have. In
addition, they hypothesize that animals that have decent vision can probably be taught
to recognize words.
Help Save the Planet
Easy ways to make your home green

Who doesn't want to help save the planet? Here's a suggestion that's as simple as
ABC. You can switch from incandescent light bulbs to compact fluorescent light
bulbs or CFLs. Too expensive, you say? CFLs last ten times longer, so you are saving
eight old bulbs from landfills while saving money. An added benefit is CFLs use 75%
less energy, which means if you use seventeen CFLs, in one year, you will reduce
carbon dioxide by 500 pounds!
Now let's learn how you can slay your household energy vampires. Many appliances
continue using energy when switched off. Americans spend $1 billion annually
powering such appliances on standby mode. Using power strips with surge protectors
is the easiest way to eliminate the hidden energy vampires. With one flip of the
switch, you can rest easy knowing you are helping save the planet!
Seeing without Sight
How blind children learn about life through LEGOs

How do you know what an airplane looks like if you're blind? Someone could read a
description to you, but if you've never seen a picture of wings before, a cockpit, or
even landing gear, you probably can't understand what that deafening noise is above
your head. You sense it must be enormous judging by its sound and how the ground
beneath you vibrates. But is that all you will ever know? Not if LEGO can help it.
LEGO produces hundreds of toy sets for children and adults alike. Now, thanks to
Matthew Shifrin, a blind LEGO fan, these toys are available with online braille and
audio instructions. Blind children can finally connect with their friends from school
and learn about the world around them through touch. The company has also created
Braille Bricks to teach the blind how to read braille. Who knew learning could be so
much fun!
Organic Sports Drinks
Is organic Gatorade healthier for you?

Many people believe eating organic foods is a healthier dietary option. One company,
Gatorade, is using this trend as a strategy to sell more sports drinks. The company,
which controls over three-quarters of the sports drink market, will be releasing G-
Organic. The line of drinks will no longer contain artificial colors and flavors, which
is desirable to more health-conscious people. But is it really healthier for you? Experts
say no.
Although the drink uses organic ingredients, that doesn’t make much of a difference
nutritionally. G-Organic will have organic sugar, but the same amount. Either way, an
excess of sugar is bad for you. Many Americans already consume too much sugar, and
a single bottle of Gatorade has nearly the maximum recommended quantity of sugar--
organic or otherwise. Experts confirm that unless you are doing excessive exercise,
sugary sports drinks are not necessary. People are better off drinking water instead.
What Is Cupping?
A warm glass that creates suction

Sometimes you see athletes or celebrities with circular bruises on their backs or their
arms. Many people wonder what they are from. These athletes and celebrities decided
to try cupping. Cupping is an ancient therapy that has been used over the last 2000
years in Middle Eastern and Asian countries. It has been used for a variety of different
ailments and has also been popular among celebrities such as Jennifer Aniston,
Gwyneth Paltrow, and Jessica Simpson.
The therapy consists of having warm round glass cups placed on the body. The warm
glass then creates a vacuum, a suction that stimulates muscles and blood flow.
Although it is most commonly used for muscle pain, cupping has been used to treat
shingles, facial paralysis, acne, cough and breathing difficulties. However, the patient
doesn't need to worry about the circles because they fade within two to four days.
Reaching for the Moon
Neil Armstrong’s bag of moon dust sold at auction

How would you feel if you had the opportunity to own your personal bag of moon
dust? Excited? Elated? Over the moon? To mark the 48th anniversary of the first lunar
landing on July 20th, 1969, Sotheby’s auctioned off 180 items related to space travel.
The star of the sale was a small bag of moon dust collected by Neil Armstrong during
the first lunar landing. The bag has quite a compelling history.
It was misidentified and nearly landed in the trash. It ended up at an auction staged by
the U.S. Marshals Service, where it was bought by its previous owner and sent to
NASA for testing. It is worth an estimated $1.8 million. Other items on the auction
block were a snapshot of astronaut Buzz Aldrin standing on the moon and a
documented flight plan which the astronauts used to return to Earth.
Turning Trash into Treasure
Food waste is used as an energy source

The unpredictability of weather is an international issue. And the effects of climate

change contribute to this unpredictability and exacerbate this global issue. Methane is
a heat-trapping gas that contributes to global climate change. A whopping eighteen
percent of methane comes from landfills. Tackling the mounting landfill crisis kills
two birds with one stone by slowing climate change, too. Statistics show that 1/3 of
the world’s food production is wasted and sent to landfills.
Researchers at Cornell University discovered how to capture the energy in food waste.
The first step is to “pressure cook” the food waste. This process turns it into a liquid
and creates oil. This process takes only minutes and the oil can be used as a biofuel.
Next, the remaining waste is burned, and within a few days, microbes turn it into
methane to be used for electricity and heat. This dynamic duo turns trash into treasure.
Solar Paint
New paint comes through with flying colors
In today’s climate, clean energy sources that utilize wind and solar power are
exceedingly popular. In that vein, scientists at RMIT University in Melbourne,
Australia are developing a new paint which can create hydrogen fuel using the energy
of the sun and moisture from the air. Not only can the new paint create energy from
humidity, it can also address some of the concerns about toxicity in current paint
products. The new paint is made of a synthetic molybdenum-sulfide.
This material causes water to divide into hydrogen and oxygen. While the new paint
still utilizes substances found in common house paint, the new formula allows the
paint to harness solar energy and moist air to create hydrogen fuel. The new paint
could turn the average home surface into an energy source. Scientists predict the paint
could be ready for mass consumption in as little as five years.
The World’s Largest Telescope
The largest radio telescope is in operation

China is emerging as an international scientific power. The country’s government has

invested billions of dollars in ambitious scientific projects such as its military-backed
space program. China launched its second space station, Tiangong 2, and has come
out with the world’s largest radio telescope. This radio telescope is called FAST, or
Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope. However, it has also acquired the
nickname Tianyan or The Eye of Heaven.
As its name states, it is 500 meters in diameter. It took more than five years to
complete and cost over eighty million dollars. It is located in a natural basin in the
southern Guizhou province. FAST searches for gravitational waves and radio
emissions from stars and galaxies and looks for signs of extraterrestrial life. China
continues to make improvements in space exploration and plans to send a mission to
Mars in the next years.
Why Birds Don’t Collide
Scientists discovered why birds don’t collide while flying

Have you ever wondered how birds in flight avoid crashing into each other?
Researchers in Australia filmed budgies flying in a narrow tunnel. The simple trick is
that birds have a natural preference for veering right. The budgies also had a tendency
to fly at different heights. The dominant birds always fly lower, which forces the non-
dominant birds to gain altitude. These collision-avoidance strategies are inspiring anti-
crash technology for autonomous drones.
Currently, drones are equipped with proximity sensors but are not sophisticated
enough to communicate with each other. Pre-programming all drones to divert to the
right when they encounter another drone may be a simple way to further avoid
collisions. Programming drones to communicate with each other is more practical
than controlling them from a central flight command center. Anti-crash technology
can take inspiration from birds.
How Are You Feeling?
Smartphone technology will be able to assess your mood

When you compare technology from twenty years ago to what we have today, it’s
almost funny what we once considered advanced. Technology improves rapidly and it
is always surprising to see what the next generation of technology will bring us.
Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) are currently working
on a smartphone function that is going to change things again. They are introducing a
smartphone that knows how you feel.
Using wireless signals, smartphones of the future will be able to calculate your heart
rate and use it to predict your mood with 87% accuracy. Amazingly, they will be able
to detect joy, pleasure, anger, and sadness without the use of any kind of body sensor.
The idea behind this technology is to help advertisers determine audience reactions.
But, it could also be used in medical settings to detect anxiety and depression.
Travel: Banteay Chhmar Temple
Local residents welcome visitors to stay in luxury tents in the Cambodian Jungle

Banteay Chhmar temple is the fourth largest temple in Cambodia and one of the least
frequented by tourists. In collaboration with local villagers, Khiri Travel has
established a unique visitor experience at Banteay Chhmar temple. Visitors can enjoy
the experience when tourism is common again. The travel company has erected two
luxury tents right next to the temple ruins. The tents allow guests to have a hotel-
quality stay amidst the natural wonder of the Cambodian jungle.
The Cambodian Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts supports this project, as it is
empowering local businesses in the area. Local villagers cook regional delicacies for
guests and help to maintain the tents. Jack Bartholomew, General Manager of Khiri
Travel Cambodia, says, “I think it’s a very peaceful, low impact and rewarding way to
enjoy Khmer heritage and give back to the local community.” Banteay Chhmar
temple is on UNESCO’s list of possible future World Heritage Sites.
Dissecting Rat Replicas
This simple invention could eliminate thousands of animal dissections

Bart Taylor had a horrible experience when he was asked to dissect a rat for biology
class. His glove broke, he was covered in chemicals, and all he could smell for a week
was formaldehyde; needless to say, he failed his exam too. Taylor overcame this
experience and is now a medical research technician, but his interest in helping others
who have trepidations about dissecting animals has inspired him to work on a unique
invention.
Using a combination of 3D printers, Taylor is designing a faux dissection rat that will
be easily reproducible, cheap, and anatomically accurate. Taylor hopes that these
fabricated rats will be able to replace real animals in some situations, ranging from
students who wish to opt out of animal dissection to school districts that do not have
enough money to purchase animal specimens. Once his design has been perfected,
Taylor plans to make his schematics available for free.
Picture This Moment
Is taking pictures the best way to remember things?

Most people use their camera to take pictures of life’s most important moments, but
according to one study, done by psychologist Lauren Henkel, taking pictures actually
impedes the brain’s ability to remember details. Henkel said, “When you take a photo
of something, you're counting on the camera to remember for you. You're basically
saying, ‘Okay, I don't need to think about this any further. The camera’s captured the
experience.’”
Why is this the case? Henkel continues, “You don't engage in any of the elaborative or
emotional kinds of processing that really would help you remember those experiences,
because you’ve outsourced it to your camera.” So, what can you do if you want to
improve your memory of special moments in your life? Put down your camera! Take
time to revel in the actual experience and live life through your own eyes, instead of a
camera lens.
Cycling in Argentina and Chile
What are you waiting for?

For nature lovers, Argentina and Chile are excellent destinations. Lots of mountains,
lakes, and rivers can be found throughout these two neighboring countries. Cyclists
have a plethora of options to enjoy the scenery, get some fresh air, and spend time in
the sunshine. The Buenos Aires Ecological Reserve has a connected network of bike
paths passing through marshes and wetlands, with views of Rio de la Plata.
Summer is without a doubt the best time to enjoy bird watching and warm
temperatures. Chile’s Ruta Austral is one of the most famous long-distance cycling
routes in the world. Cyclists will travel by glaciers, over mountains, and through
different national parks along the way. Typically, people travel with tents and sleeping
bags, and camp outside at night. The route continues all the way south to Patagonia,
where cyclists enjoy spectacular views of the Andes Mountains.
Just a Walk in the Park
Fifteen minutes in nature can be good for your health

According to a report by the United Nations, more people throughout the world live in
urban areas than rural ones. However, this mass migration into cities can take its toll
on our health. Studies show that humans have a deep connection to the natural world,
and regular contact with nature can make us healthier, more creative and more
empathetic. After just fifteen minutes of sitting outside in a natural environment,
people begin to feel more relaxed.
Sitting outside also stimulates creativity. A fifty-minute walk in a city park can boost
people’s moods as well as their attention, and a ninety-minute walk yields changes in
a person’s brain that can protect against depression. To get the most benefits from the
natural world, researchers suggest putting away our cell phones and paying attention
to the sights and sounds of nature. The idea is to engage our senses and interrupt
urban stress.
Vegan Diet Considerations
Careful planning is required to make a success of the vegan diet
The vegan diet is becoming increasingly popular worldwide. Vegans abstain from all
animal products. This plant-based diet delivers many benefits such as lower
cholesterol, weight loss, lower blood pressure and less risk for heart disease. Even so,
the diet has certain pitfalls. Consider these three important dietary factors before
becoming vegan. Vegan diets are rich in folic acids and dietary fiber. Yet, vegans
frequently are deprived of vitamin B12, iron and omega-3.
Vegans are encouraged to take vitamin supplements to receive these necessary
nutrients. Also, meeting your nutritional needs requires a lot of effort and planning.
Some vegans fall into the trap of eating highly processed and sugary foods. Vegans
should focus on the quantity and combinations of food. Lastly, make sure to get the
protein you need from plant sources. These include beans, lentils, tofu, nuts, and
quinoa. Protein is necessary to reach exercise and fitness goals.
Question
Remembering the Bastille
France celebrates its independence day

Known in English-speaking countries as Bastille Day, this holiday commemorates the

French Revolution, which began unofficially with the citizens of Paris attacking the
Bastille. This infamous building held political prisoners who had been put there
directly by orders from the King. The fall of the Bastille on July 14th, 1789, ended the
monarchy in France, and it then became a democracy governed by the people.
Each year, the descendants of those revolutionaries put on the largest military parade
in the world. Thousands of partygoers descend on the streets of Paris for a huge
military parade and day-long party in honor of French independence. Afterwards,
participants make their way to the Eiffel Tower for music and a spectacular fireworks
show. Many other countries in the world honor Bastille Day with France, including
India, Scotland, and the United States.
Mother Teresa
The events of her life led to her canonization as a saint

Mother Teresa of Calcutta is famous for helping the poorest of the poor. She cared for
people with leprosy and established hospices to care for people with tuberculosis and
HIV/AIDS in India, as well as in Rome. Additionally, she founded the Missionaries of
Charity, an organization active in more than 130 countries worldwide. Canonization
of a saint requires two miracles. The miracle is for beatification and the second for
canonization.
People believe Mother Teresa’s first miracle was the healing of an Indian woman who
had an abdominal tumor. The second was in Brazil, where a man was healed of
hydrocephaly. Mother Teresa was beatified in 2003 and thirteen years later, was
canonized. Although she passed away in 1997, her legacy lives on the homeless
shelters that she established. She lived by the motto that “it is better to light a candle
than to curse the darkness.”
Question
Lost Ship Found
HMS Terror found nearly 170 years later.

Sir John Franklin, a British explorer, was the commander of the Franklin Expedition.
It left England on May 19th, 1845, and had planned to sail through the Northwest
Passage, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean through the islands of the
Arctic Archipelago. The trip however ended in tragedy for the 129 men aboard the
expedition. They had been sailing in two ships, HMS Terror and HMS Erebus when
the water around them froze.
The ships had gotten stuck. The crew onboard abandoned the ships in April 1848,
trying to walk south on the frozen ice, but many died trying. Others died of food
poisoning due to tainted food offered on the journey. The Arctic Research Foundation
found the HMS Terror on the seabed off King William Island in the Canadian Arctic.
The ship was in nearly pristine condition 170 years later. They found HMS Erebus in
2014.
Flying Cars
Cars of the future

Although cars and planes are both vehicles, they have very little in common. At least
that is the way things are now. In the future, they may not be so different. Missy
Cummings, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), believes
that soon cars will be replaced by personal air vehicles. They will likely be small
enough to fit in a garage. These would be part car, part plane. They will also be driven
by robots.
It turns out humans are slow to react when a danger presents itself, but robots are
super fast. They can change direction in nanoseconds. The biggest fear developers
have is terrorists and computer hackers. Cummings believes we can find solutions to
those problems. In the end, these vehicles will be safer than what we have today and
more convenient. The remaining hurdle will be the cost of the parts to build these
vehicles.
Save the Vaquita
Mexico implements programs to protect endangered marine species

The vaquita is a small marine animal that lives in the northern Gulf of California. It is
a porpoise, and it is estimated that there are about 30 living in the wild today. The
vaquita is endangered for two reasons. One is that it gets caught in shrimp nets thrown
by local fishermen. The other is that it is killed by Chinese fishermen hunting for
another fish, the totoaba. This fish is used as medicine, and it also endangered.
The Mexican government has stepped in to try to save this endangered porpoise. It has
halted all fishing with gillnets, the type of nets that are most dangerous to the
porpoise. Fishermen who cannot fish because of the ban will be paid while the
government protects the vaquita population. The Mexican military will also work to
stop illegal fishing, using drones, satellites, and boats that will search for fishermen
breaking the law.
Saving Slow Sloths
Néstor Correa and Yiscel Yánguez give sloths a second chance in Panamá

The natural life of a sloth is generally calm. These adorable creatures move through
the trees of Panamá at a meditative pace; however, their natural habitats have been
impacted over the years, causing many to become lost in human environments. Often,
the sad result is that baby sloths are orphaned. Néstor Correa and his wife Yiscel
Yánguez work to remedy this situation. They run the Asociación Panamericana para
la Conservación, which rescues and releases sloths.
Although the Association works to rehabilitate and release many animals, more often
than not, they end up helping sloths because the creatures move so slowly that they
are extremely vulnerable in human environments. Yánguez has a particular talent for
raising baby sloths. “I never met a person who can take care of sloth babies like
Yiscel because of the patience she has … I think she’s actually becoming a sloth,”
says Correa admiringly.
Koko’s Kittens
The famous gorilla Koko loved kittens

Koko the gorilla became famous in the 1970s for learning sign language and
communicating with her trainer, Francine Patterson. Koko always had a strong
maternal urge, so when she was twelve years old, Patterson gave her a kitten and
taught her to care for it. Koko loved her kitten and named him All Ball. The event was
immortalized in the book, Koko’s Kitten. Sadly, All Ball was hit by a car, causing
Koko deep grief. The Gorilla Foundation prepared a surprise for Koko.
When Koko celebrated her 44th birthday, she was given the gift of two new kittens by
The Gorilla Foundation. Koko instantly formed an attachment with a little kitten that
she named Ms. Grey. Then, another kitten decided to cuddle up with her too; she
named this one Ms. Black. Koko signed the words “cat” and “baby” to Patterson and
asked her to put one of the kittens on her head. The new fuzzy family was very happy
together. Koko lived for about 46 years.
Tech: An Eye for Technology
Google patent for solar-powered contact lenses

Contact lenses are a convenient and fashionable alternative to glasses. They correct
vision so people can see well. With constant technological improvements, contact
lenses may be able to do more than just help people with impaired vision. Not unlike
smartphones, they will become multi-purpose. Soon, even contact lenses will do many
new things. Their goal is to help people through cutting-edge technology.
Google obtained a patent on a kind of contact lens. The patent means that they have
exclusive rights to make or sell this technology. Their patented lens is solar-powered.
It needs a power source because it will do several different things. It will be able to
read the person wearing them by measuring their tears. It will take body temperature,
blood-alcohol content, and glucose levels. Measuring glucose regularly will help
people with diabetes.
Happy Cows
VR headsets make cows happy

Every single human on the planet is constantly chasing the same dream, true
happiness. It turns out that this primal need is not limited to humans. Some studies
have shown that a cow’s happiness is directly related to how nutritious the milk it
produces is. Dairy farmers the world over have gone to great lengths to keep their
cows as happy as possible, by playing music and even giving them massages!
But what really takes the cake is what Russian farmers are trying out now.
RusMoloko farm, in Moscow, tested VR (virtual reality) sets that have been
specifically engineered to improve their cows’ quality of life. Their first test revealed
that the VR experience left cows feeling more relaxed and improved the overall mood
of the herd. Are VR experiences for cows here to stay or are they a fad? Only time
will tell.
Turning Trash into Treasure
Using music to combat solid waste

In Cateura, Paraguay, members of the town have tried to combat solid waste dumps
and low education levels while participating in community building by recycling
garbage. Children were exposed to trash and toxic run-off. One man saw these issues
and started the Recycled Orchestra to teach students how to play music. Once he ran
out of donated instruments, he worked with local professionals to create instruments
using trash from the landfill.
They create instruments using oil drums, spoons, utensils, cans, and other trash. The
orchestra has performed globally, including for the Pope and rock bands. They used
funds from world tours to give back to the community. Instead of parents taking kids
out of school to help find trash to sell, more students are staying in school. Also, the
money generated has built new, safe housing for the families of those in the orchestra.
Climbing the Shanghai Tower
A daring pair of climbers scales the second tallest building in the world
Daredevil climbers Vadim Makhorov and Vitaliy Raskalov climbed to the top of the
Shanghai Tower, the second tallest building in the world. The pair, who are better
known by the moniker OnTheRoofs recorded the entire event and posted the death-
defying video online. Viewers see the fearless twosome walking up stairs, climbing
ladders, and ultimately scaling a crane at the very top of the tower with clouds at their
feet.
Raskalov blogged about the successful feat. “It took us almost two hours to get on the
120th floor by foot. We spent almost eighteen hours on top of the building, sleeping
and waiting for better weather.” The building’s management team is less than
impressed and is taking necessary precautions to prevent any repeat performances. In
the meantime, Makhorov and Raskalov are looking for more monuments to scale in
the future.
When Art Meets Sewage
Manhole covers in Japan are works of art

In Japan, you're just as likely to walk on gorgeous works of art as you are to see them
in a museum. Japanese manhole covers combine form and function; they not only
prevent people from falling into sewage system access holes, but they're also stunning
works of art right underneath your feet. Tourists come from all over the world to snap
pictures of these colorful, intricate designs. In 1985, municipalities began creating the
distinctive manhole covers.
Their objective was raising awareness and support for costly sewage projects. Cities
compete, each trying to outdo the others' designs. Some design ideas are submitted by
members of the public. The decorative covers have become so popular that one
company is producing collectible cards with a picture on the front and relevant facts
about the design on the back. The cards are distributed for free to anyone visiting a
water treatment facility.