WHOLE BRAIN LEARNING SYSTEM

OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION
Science, Technology and Engineering (STE) Program
GRADE
RESEARCH I 9

LEARNING QUARTER I

MODULE WEEK
1
 MODULE IN RESEARCH I
Science, Technology and Engineering (STE)
Program

QUARTER I
WEEK 1

Research and Its

Characteristics

Development Team

Writer: Leo Mark Y. Ulep

Editors/Reviewers: Hamilton C. Remigio Flenie A. Galicinao

Management Team

Vilma D. Eda, CESO V

Joye D. Madalipay Lourdes B. Arucan

Juanito V. Labao Flenie A. Galicinao

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research I (Grade 9) 1

 What I Need to Know

If you want to discover new knowledge, do research. Research is a systematic

investigation (i.e., the gathering and analysis of information) designed to develop or contribute
to generalizable knowledge. In research, there is a scientific study or scrutiny of event, trend
or incident which includes collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of phenomena
that bind/connect investigator’s thought with reality.
This module gives you a glimpse on what research is all about.
Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC):
Appreciate the nature and characteristics of research.

Learning Objectives:
By the end of this module, you will be able to:
1. define research;
2. explain how the scientific method is used to develop new knowledge; and
3. identify and describe the characteristics of a researcher and characteristics of
a good research.

What I Know

PRE-TEST:
Directions: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. What is a scientific process of critical collection of data, investigation, and analysis of such
to gain new knowledge?
A. curiosity B. inquiry C. question D. research

2. It is the quality of research that tells something is based on direct experience or

observation by the researcher.
A. analytical B. critical C. empirical D. methodical

3. Research is __________ if it exhibits careful and precise judgement.

A. critical B. empirical C. methodical D. replicability

4. What is the first step in conducting research?

A. analyze data B. define research problem
C. design research D. review the literature

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research I (Grade 9) 2

5. Scientists test their hypothesis. In which step of the scientific process is this?
A. analyzing results B. experimenting
C. recording data D. stating the problem

6. Which of the qualities of a good researcher when he knows how to spend 7Ms wisely?
A. active B. creative C. efficient D. prudence

7. Characteristics of a researcher in which he conducts his study at the right time and right
place is _____________.
A. healthy criticism B. intellectual creativity
C. intellectual curiosity D. prudence

8. Statement or prediction that are tested by collecting and analyzing objective evidence is
called __________.
A. assumption B. hypothesis C. indicator D. premise

9. The process of obtaining information by using the senses is____________.

A. conclusion B. inquiry C. observation D. prediction

10. Which of the following best describes a hypothesis?

A. It is a statement that you set out to prove.
B. It is tested by collecting only the data that support it.
C. It posits a clear relationship between different factors.
D. It is proposed before a good research can be developed.

Lesson Research and its

1 Characteristics

What’s In

Directions: List the steps of the scientific method in a correct order.

*State your hypothesis *Do background search

*Analyze data and make conclusions *Communicate results
*Test your hypothesis *Ask question

Step 1: ________________________________________________
Step 2: ________________________________________________
Step 3: ________________________________________________

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research I (Grade 9) 3

Step 4: ________________________________________________
Step 5: ________________________________________________
Step 6: ________________________________________________

What’s New

Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on your
answer sheet. Answer may be repeated.

Column A Column B

1. Characteristic of a research where it starts with a problem a. prudence

and ends with a problem.
2. Characteristic of a researcher in which he conducts his study b. empirical
at the right time and right place.
3. Characteristic of a good researcher when he knows how to c. economical
spend the 7Ms wisely.
4. Characteristic of a research in which the collection of data d. cyclical
relies on practical experience or direct observation by the
researcher.
5. Characteristic of a research when it is based on valid e. critical
procedures and principles.
6. Characteristic of a research when it exhibits careful and f. logical
exact judgement.
7. Characteristic of a researcher when he is honest in gathering g. replicability
data in order to arrive at honest and valid results.
8. Characteristics of a researcher when he invents new, unique, h. analytical
and original researches which are patentable to have return
of investment.
9. Characteristic of a research when it utilizes proven analytical i. intellectual
procedures in collecting data. creativity
10. Characteristic of a research when the research designs and j. intellectual
procedures are replicated, but to different subjects and honesty
contexts.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research I (Grade 9) 4

 What is It

What is research?
Research is a process to discover new knowledge. In the Code of Federal Regulations
(45 CFR 46.102(d)) pertaining to the protection of human subjects, research is defined as:
“A systematic investigation (i.e., the gathering and analysis of information) designed to
develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge.”
The National Academy of Sciences states that the object of research is to “extend
human knowledge of the physical, biological, or social world beyond what is already known.”
Research is different from other forms of discovering knowledge (like reading a book) because
it uses a systematic process called the Scientific Method.

The Scientific Method

The Scientific Method consists of observing the world around you and creating
a hypothesis about relationships in the world. A hypothesis is an informed and educated
prediction or explanation about something. Part of the research process involves testing
the hypothesis, and then examining the results of these tests as they relate to both the
hypothesis and the world around you. When a researcher forms a hypothesis, this acts like a
map through the research study. It tells the researcher which factors are important to study
and how they might be related to each other or caused by a manipulation that the researcher
introduces (e.g. a program, treatment or change in the environment). With this map, the
researcher can interpret the information he/she collects and can make sound conclusions
about the results.

Steps of the Scientific Method

1. Ask a question
The scientific method starts when you ask a question about something that you
observe: How, What, When, Who, Which, Why, or Where?

2. Do background search
Rather than starting from scratch in putting together a plan for answering your
question, you want to be a savvy scientist using library and Internet research to help
you find the best way to do things and ensure that you don't repeat mistakes from the
past.

3. Construct a hypothesis
A hypothesis is an educated guess about how things work. It is an attempt to
answer your question with an explanation that can be tested. A good hypothesis allows
you to then make a prediction: "If _____ [I do this] _____, then _____[this]_____ will
happen."
State both your hypothesis and the resulting prediction you will be testing.
Predictions must be easy to measure.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research I (Grade 9) 5

 4. Test your hypothesis by doing an experiment
Your experiment tests whether your prediction is accurate and thus your
hypothesis is supported or not. It is important for your experiment to be a fair test. You
conduct a fair test by making sure that you change only one factor at a time while
keeping all other conditions the same.
You should also repeat your experiments several times to make sure that the
first results were not just an accident.

5. Analyze your data and draw a conclusion

Once your experiment is complete, you collect your measurements and
analyze them to see if they support your hypothesis or not.
Scientists often find that their predictions were not accurate and their
hypothesis was not supported, and in such cases they will communicate the results of
their experiment and then go back and construct a new hypothesis and prediction
based on the information they learned during their experiment. This starts much of the
process of the scientific method over again. Even if they find that their hypothesis was
supported, they may want to test it again in a new way.

6. Communicate your results

To complete your science fair project, you will communicate your results to
others in a final report and/or a display board. Professional scientists do almost the
same thing by publishing their final report in a scientific journal or by presenting their
results on a poster or during a talk at a scientific meeting. In a science fair, judges are
interested in your findings regardless of whether they support your original hypothesis.

Characteristics of the Researcher

1. Intellectual Curiosity
A researcher bears deep thinking and investigation of the things, situation, and
problems around him. He is enthusiastic to acquire knowledge on these things, situation,
and problems often due to novelty and uncommon.

2. Prudence
A researcher is prudent if he conducts his research study carefully, wisely, practically
at the right time and right place efficiently, effectively, and economically. In other words,
he does the right thing at a right thing at a right time in conducting research and use the
7M’s (Manpower, Money, Materials, Machinery, Methods, Moment of time and Marketing)
wisely, efficiently, effectively and economically.

3. Healthy Criticism
A researcher is always doubtful as to the veracity of the results. Normally, a researcher
always doubts the truthfulness of his findings even if the data are gathered honestly.
In experimental research, a researcher is also doubtful of the truthfulness of the results
especially if the apparatus or equipment used are not accurate.

4. Intellectual Honesty
An intelligent researcher is honest in gathering data or facts to arrive at honest and
valid results. Honesty is the best policy of an intelligent researcher because the success
or failure of his research lies on his hand. That is why one of the qualities of a good
researcher is honesty. “No manufacturing of data by the researcher.”

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research I (Grade 9) 6

5. Intellectual Creativity
A creative and intelligent researcher must invent new, unique, and original researches
which are patentable to have return of investment. By so doing, he is productive and
respond to the socioeconomic recovery of the country.

Characteristics of Research

1. Empirical
Empirical research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher.
The collection of data relies on practical experience without benefit of scientific knowledge
or theory.

2. Logical
Research is based on valid procedures and principles. Scientific investigation is done
in an orderly manner so that the researcher has confidence on the results. Logical
examination of the procedures used in the research enables the researcher to draw valid
conclusions. Hence, the logic of valid research makes it important for decision making.

3. Cyclical
Research is cyclical process. It starts with a problem and ends with a problem. For
instance, a researcher who is through of his study states his findings and draws up his
conclusions and recommendations. In his recommendations, many problems may crop up
as other titles of the study, hence, the cycle is repeated.

4. Analytical
Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in collecting data, whether historical,
descriptive, experimental, or case study.

5. Methodical
Research is conducted in an orderly manner without bias using systematic procedure
and technique.

6. Replicability
The research designs and procedures and replicated, but to different subjects and
venues of the study.
Similarities and differences of replicated researches can be compared to enable the
researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results.

7. Critical
Research exhibits careful and exact judgement.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research I (Grade 9) 7

 What’s More

Directions: Explain briefly the characteristics of a good researcher and cite the qualities you
possess at present.

What I Have Learned

Directions: Fill-out the table to generalize the concepts that you have learned from the
module.

Three things that I didn’t know 1.

before. 2.
3.
Two things that surprised me 1.
about this topic 2.
One thing that I want to start doing 1
with what I have learned.

What I Can Do

Directions: Cite a problem in line of your field and propose a solution by following this
simplified scientific process.

A. Problem and Objectives

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

B. Hypothesis
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

C. Experimental Procedures (Steps to be taken in collecting and processing

data)___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research I (Grade 9) 8

 _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

D. Possible Conclusion
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Assessment
Directions: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which step of the scientific process does scientists test their hypothesis?
A. analyzing results B. experimenting C. recording data D. stating the problem

2. Which of the qualities of a good researcher when he knows how to spend 7Ms wisely?
A. active B. creative C. efficient D. prudence

3. Characteristics of a researcher in which he conducts his study at the right time and right
place is _____________.
A. healthy criticism B. intellectual creativity
C. intellectual curiosity D. prudence

4. Statement or prediction that are tested by collecting and analyzing objective evidence is
called __________.
A. assumption B. hypothesis C. indicator D. premise

5. The process of obtaining information by using the senses is called a/an ____________.
A. conclusion B. inquiry C. observation D. prediction

6. Which of the following best describes a hypothesis?

A. A statement that you set out to prove.
B. It is tested by collecting only the data that support it.
C. It posits a clear relationship between different factors.
D. It is proposed before a good research can be developed.

7. What is a scientific process of critical collection of data, investigation, and analysis of such
to gain new knowledge?
A. curiosity B. inquiry C. question D. research

8. It is the quality of research that tells something is based on direct experience or

observation by the researcher.
A. analytical B. critical C. empirical D. methodical

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research I (Grade 9) 9

9. Research is __________ if it exhibits careful and precise judgement.
A. critical B. empirical C. methodical D. replicability

10. What is the first step in conducting research?

A. analyze data B. define research problem
C. design research D. review the literature

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research I (Grade 9) 10

 Answer Key

References
Calmorin, L.P. (2010). Research and Statistics with Computer. Mandaluyong City,
Philippines: National Book Store.

Steps of the Scientific Method. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-

fair-projects/science-fair/steps-of-the-scientific-method.

What is research? (n.d.) Retrieved from https://ori.hhs.gov/module-1-introduction-what-

research.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research I (Grade 9) 11

 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Laoag City

Curriculum Implementation Division
Brgy. 23 San Matias, Laoag City, 2900
Contact Number: (077)-771-3678
Email Address: laoag.city@deped.gov.ph

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research I (Grade 9) 12