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ECCED - Steffi
ECCED - Steffi
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I. Introduction to Early Childhood Care and Education
Definition of ECCED
Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCEd) can be defined through the following
key points:
Age Range: ECCEd refers to educational and developmental initiatives for children
from birth to approximately eight years old.
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Holistic Development: It focuses on supporting physical, cognitive, emotional,
social, and linguistic growth during a critical developmental phase.
Preparation for Schooling: Effective ECCEd lays the foundation for children's
readiness for formal schooling and lifelong learning.
Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCED) holds immense importance due to its
far-reaching impact on a child's overall development and future success.
2. Brain Development: The early years are when a child's brain undergoes rapid
growth. Quality ECCED supports optimal brain development, enhancing a child's
ability to grasp complex concepts later in life.
4. Social and Emotional Skills: ECCED nurtures social skills, empathy, and
promotes emotional regulation, equipping children with essential tools to navigate
relationships and manage emotions effectively.
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6. Reduced Inequalities: ECCED can mitigate the impact of socio-economic
disparities by providing early intervention and support to children from disadvantaged
backgrounds.
Responsibilities:
● Providing a safe and nurturing environment where children feel secure and
comfortable.
● Attending to children's physical needs, such as; feeding, diapering, and
ensuring adequate rest.
Example: As children arrive in the morning, greet each child with a warm smile, a
cheerful "Good morning!" and a reassuring pat on the back. This simple gesture sets
a positive tone for the day and establishes a nurturing connection.
Responsibilities:
Example: Organizing a nature walk where children observe and collect leaves, rocks,
and other natural items promoting curiosity and understanding of the natural world.
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3. Role: Observer and Assessor
Responsibilities:
Responsibilities:
Example: Leading group discussions on feelings and emotions, and guiding children
to express their emotions through art or storytelling.
Responsibilities:
Responsibilities:
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● Recognizing and celebrating the diversity of the classroom, ensuring an
inclusive environment.
● Adapting teaching strategies and materials to meet the needs of children with
diverse abilities and backgrounds.
Example: Incorporating books and activities that feature characters from different
cultures and abilities, promoting understanding and respect.
Working with young children requires an understanding of key principles that align
with their developmental stage. Here are these principles with real-world examples:
Principle: The Teacher Trainee tailors activities to each child's interests, needs,
and developmental stage.
Example: The Teacher Trainee offers a range of art materials and allow children to
choose how they want to use them, encouraging their individual creativity.
Example: Having a consistent morning routine of a circle time, followed by free play,
snack time, and outdoor play.
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Principle: The Teacher Trainee creates an inclusive environment that respects and
celebrates differences in culture, abilities, and backgrounds.
Example: Introducing children to traditional songs, dances, and stories from different
cultures, promoting understanding and appreciation.
Principle: The Teacher Trainee stays updated on child development research and
engage in professional development to enhance teaching practices.
6. In Holistic Approach:
Example: Organizing a nature walk where children not only learn about plants but
also engage in physical activity and connect with nature emotionally.
Child development in the early years is a fascinating and critically important field of
study that explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social growth of infants,
toddlers, and young children from birth through the first few years of life. This
foundational period is marked by remarkable transformations as children begin to
navigate the world around them, form bonds with caregivers, acquire language,
develop motor skills, and lay the groundwork for future learning and relationships.
Understanding child development during these early years is essential for parents,
caregivers, educators, and anyone involved in the care and upbringing of young
children. It offers insights into how children perceive and interact with their
surroundings, how they learn, and how they develop essential life skills and
emotional resilience. Recognizing and supporting these developmental milestones
not only contributes to a child's well-being but also sets the stage for a successful
and fulfilling future.
In this exploration of child development in early years, we will delve into the various
domains of growth and delve into the key milestones, challenges, and strategies for
promoting healthy development in the youngest members of our society. By gaining
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a deeper understanding of these critical early years, we can provide the nurturing
and stimulating environment that children need to thrive and reach their full potential.
Child development refers to the process through which children grow, learn, and
acquire various physical, cognitive, emotional, social, and behavioural skills from
infancy to adolescence. It is a complex and continuous journey that covers various
stages and milestones. Child development is influenced by both genetic factors and
environmental experiences.
● Early brain development lays the foundation for future learning and cognition.
● Early experiences shape emotional well-being and the ability to form secure
relationships.
● Language development and literacy skills are established during this critical
period.
● Physical health and proper nutrition are crucial for overall growth and
development.
● Early intervention can address developmental challenges effectively.
Examples:
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A. Fine motor skills: Using hands and fingers for activities like holding a pencil,
writing, using scissors, tying shoelaces, holding utensils, writing, turn pages,
buttoning clothes.
B. Gross motor skills: Running, jumping, climbing and balancing. These
activities improve their balance, agility, and overall physical fitness.
Examples:
A. Problem-solving: Figuring out puzzles, solving maths equations.
B. Memory: Remembering a stories,, names, or a list of items.
C. Language development: Learning new words and forming sentences.
Examples:
A. Recognizing emotions: Identifying and expressing feelings like happiness,
sadness, or anger.
B. Emotional regulation: Learning to manage emotions in different situations.
C. Empathy: Understanding and showing concern for others' feelings.
Examples:
A. Play with peers: Engaging in games and imaginative play with other
children.
B. Sharing and cooperation: Taking turns and sharing toys with others.
Forming friendships: Making and maintaining relationships with peers.
Examples:
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A. Receptive language: Understanding spoken or written language, following
instructions.
B. Expressive language: Using words and sentences to communicate
thoughts and feelings.
The milestones for each stage of development in the first five years are as
follows:
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Communication and • Coos
Speech • Makes eye contact
• Cries for different needs
• Listens to your voice
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Babble (e.g., 'da, da, da') with an increasing variety of
During the infant sounds.
stage (3-12 months), Listen when spoken to and may respond with babbling,
children develop indicating an early understanding of conversations.
important React to noises, especially sudden ones.
communication and
speech-related
milestones. At 7-9 months:
At 9-12 months:
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Physical At 3 months, infants:
In terms of physical Exhibit greater control over their arms and legs.
development during Can sit upright.
the infant stage (3- Begin to turn over or roll over.
12 months), children Explore the world by banging objects and putting things
achieve significant in their mouth.
milestones.
From 7-9 months:
• Grasps objects with one hand.
Begins crawling.
Some children may start to stand.
From 9-12 months:
Develops improved hand-eye coordination.
May walk while holding onto furniture.
May stand briefly without support.
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May become clingy and anxious around others.
Enjoys being with other babies but does not yet engage
in play.
Can give and receive hugs.
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Toddler (1-3 Years)
From 18 months:
• Uses at least 50 words
• Names objects and pictures
• Begins to use two-word phrases (e.g. ‘me book’).
Speech is telegraphic (says main words but misses
out connecting words)
• Uses simple pronouns (‘me’, ‘you’, ‘my’)
• Can follow two-step directions (e.g. ‘pick up your coat
and bring it to me’)
• Enjoys listening to stories
Engages in self-talk during play.
At 2-3 years:
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Narrates their actions as they perform them.
Conversation skills improve, with more frequent
responses to others.
Physical At 1 year:
At 1-2 years:
At 2-3 years:
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Demonstrates improved running skills.
Navigates obstacles effectively.
Jumps and hops.
Enthusiastic about climbing.
Can ride a tricycle with stabilizers.
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Social and Emotional At 1 year:
At 2-3 years:
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Cognitive At 1 year:
At 2-3 years:
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Preschool Age (3-4 Years)
Physical At 3 years:
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Social and Emotional At 3 years:
Cognitive At 3 years:
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School Age (4-5 Years)
At 5 years:
Physical At 4 years:
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Makes friends.
Has fewer conflicts with peers.
Discusses likes and dislikes.
Engages in imaginative play using props.
Takes turns and shares.
Expresses anger through words and actions.
Understands danger.
May exhibit bossy behavior or jealousy.
Takes pride in their achievements.
Responds to reasoning.
Enjoys independence but seeks comfort and
reassurance.
Worries about being disliked.
Cognitive At 4 years:
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How to Encouraging Child Development in the Classroom
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Preschool Age (3-4 years):
Example:
Example:
A. Share interactive picture books that encourage children to predict what will
happen next in the story.
B. Engage in rhyming games such as "What rhymes with 'cat'?" or "Identify words
that begin with the letter 's'."
Example:
Praise and acknowledge their efforts when they successfully complete tasks by
themselves.
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Check errors and make corrections
4. Develop Social Skills: Facilitate group activities and promote sharing, problem-
solving, and empathy among peers.
Example:
A. Use role-play scenarios to teach problem-solving and empathy, like acting out
how to help a friend who is feeling sad.
B. Have regular class meetings where children can express their feelings, share their
thoughts, and listen to their peers.
B. Conduct regular class meetings in which children can express their feelings, share
their thoughts, and actively listen to their peers.
Example:
B. Present educational games and activities that encourage critical thinking and
decision-making skills.
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2. Encouraging Critical Thinking: To foster critical thinking skills in children, it's
essential to ask open-ended questions and promote independent problem-solving.
Example:
5. Offer Play-Based Learning: Incorporate play and active learning into the
curriculum to make learning enjoyable and effective.
Example:
A. Use educational board games that reinforce learning concepts while making the
learning process enjoyable.
B. Set up learning centers for hands-on exploration, such as a science corner or a
writing station with various materials.
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Situational examples for Child Development in the Classroom
Here are some real-life examples based on actual circumstances that showcase how
educators can encourage child development in the classroom for children aged 2 to
5 years:
Situation: Children are given trays with colorful beads and strings to create
necklaces.
Encouragement: The teacher assists as children thread the beads onto the strings,
promoting hand-eye coordination, fine motor skills, and creativity as they design their
own necklaces.
Encouragement: The teacher organizes games like "follow the leader," where
children take turns leading movements like skipping, jumping, and hopping,
enhancing their gross motor skills and coordination.
Play-Based Learning:
Situation: In a corner of the classroom, there's a "home" play area with dolls, toy
kitchen items, and dress-up clothes.
Situation: Children are seated at a snack table with a variety of healthy snacks in
serving bowls.
Encouragement: The teacher assists them in scooping their own snacks, pouring
drinks from small pitchers, and cleaning up their place settings, promoting self-help
skills and independence.
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Situation: During circle time, the teacher introduces a "sharing jar" where children
can place small objects they'd like to share.
1. Physical Development:
3. Cognitive Development:
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4. Social and Emotional Development:
5. Self-Help Skills:
● Asking Questions: Look for their curiosity about the world around them, as
indicated by asking questions and seeking answers.
● Investigative Play: Observe if they engage in activities that involve exploring
materials, taking things apart, and trying to understand how things work.
7. Adaptive Skills:
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Understanding individual differences and diversity in children
Take the time to learn about each child's background, interests, strengths, and
challenges. Pay close attention to children's behaviors, and interactions.This
knowledge will help you tailor your teaching approach to meet individual needs.
Example:
A. Talk to the parents or caregivers to understand a child's cultural practices or any
specific learning preferences they may have.
B. If a 3-year-old consistently gravitates towards art activities while another prefers
building with blocks, you're recognizing their distinct interests.
Develop individualized learning plans for children with diverse learning needs,
addressing their specific strengths and challenges.Identify their learning styles.
Some might learn better through hands-on experiences, while others prefer visual or
auditory learning.
Example:
A. For a child with dyslexia, provide extra time for reading assignments or offer
audiobooks as an alternative.
B. Offer both visual aids and hands-on activities for children with different learning
preferences.A child might grasp concepts more easily when they can touch and feel
objects, while another child benefits from listening to stories.
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3. Embrace Multicultural Education:
Incorporate diverse books, materials, and activities that represent various cultures,
ethnicities, and abilities in the curriculum. Hold cultural exchange days or events
where students can share and celebrate their cultural heritage with their peers.
Example:
A. Organize a "Heritage Day" where children dress up in traditional clothing and
share food, music, and customs from their cultural backgrounds.
B. Ask families to send in photographs or stories depicting their cultural celebrations.
Share these in class discussions to develop understanding.
C. During a unit on holidays, include celebrations from different cultures, such as
Diwali, Hanukkah, Kwanzaa, and Christmas.
Use inclusive language that embrace diversity, avoiding stereotypes, and addressing
all students respectfully, creating an environment where everyone feels valued and
included.
Example:
A. Instead of referring to children as "boys and girls," use terms like "students",
“children” or "friends."
B. Instead of saying "Let's split into teams. Girls on this side, boys on that side",
use "Let's split into teams. Team A on this side, Team B on that side."
5. Individualised Support:
Offer individualized support and accommodations for children with diverse learning
needs, ensuring they have the resources and assistance they require. This approach
acknowledges that each child learns differently and ensures everyone has equal
opportunities to succeed academically.
Example:
A. Providing extra time or alternate assessments for children with learning
challenges.
B. Pair children who excel in a certain area with those who need a little more support.
This encourages peer learning and social interaction.
C. Use simple emoticon charts to help children express how they feel each day. This
encourages emotional awareness and communication.
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Promoting positive behaviour and discipline strategies
Promoting positive behavior and employing effective discipline strategies within the
classroom is of paramount importance as it lays the foundation for a conducive
learning environment and holistic development. By facilitating a culture of respect,
empathy, and cooperation, students feel safe and engaged, enhancing their social,
emotional, and cognitive growth. Positive behavior reinforcement and well-structured
discipline methods not only minimize disruptions but also equip students with
essential life skills such as conflict resolution, self-regulation, and responsible
decision-making. This approach not only enhances academic performance but also
shapes the character and values of students, enabling them to navigate challenges,
build meaningful relationships, and contribute positively to society in the long run.
Set age-appropriate and simple rules for the classroom. Use positive language to
frame expectations, focusing on what the children should do rather than what they
should not do.
Example:
A. "Use gentle hands" instead of "Don't hit."
B. Create a classroom "Code of Conduct" poster collaboratively with the students.
Discuss and agree on rules like "Listen when others are talking" and "Use kind
words."
2. Positive Reinforcement:
Praise, acknowledge and reward positive behaviors promptly and specifically. Use
verbal affirmations, stickers, certificates, or a token system to acknowledge students'
efforts and accomplishments. Specific and sincere praise reinforces desired conduct
and motivates children to continue behaving well.
Example:
A. "Well done, Sarah! I noticed how you shared your toys with your friend. That was
very kind of you."
B. "I appreciate how you always raise your hand to share your thoughts. It shows
respect for the class."
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3. Use Positive Language:
Example:
Instead of saying, "Stop running," say, "Please use walking feet inside the
classroom."
Use visual aids such as pictures or charts to display classroom rules and
expectations.Visual aids can help children understand and remember behavioral
guidelines.
Example:
Have a "Quiet Time" sign with a finger on lips displayed during reading or resting
time.
Use "I" statements to express your feelings and expectations without blaming or
shaming the child.
Example:
A. "I feel happy when everyone is using their listening ears during circle time."
B. "I feel worried when I see running inside the classroom. Please walk to keep
everyone safe."
Minimize the use of punitive measures and focus on positive reinforcement. Use
consequences that are logical and related to the behavior whenever possible.
Example:
If a child spills water accidentally, involve them in the clean-up process instead of
scolding.
Maintain open communication with parents and caregivers. Share positive behaviors
and challenges observed in the classroom, and work together to promote consistent
behavior expectations.
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8. Model Positive Behavior:
Be a positive role model for the children by demonstrating kindness, empathy, and
respect in your interactions with them and others.
Example:
If a child accidentally spills water, respond calmly and model cleaning up the mess
together.
Parenting Styles
Parenting styles refer to the overall approach that parents use to raise their children.
Different parenting styles can have a significant impact on a child's development,
behavior, and overall well-being.
The four main types of parenting styles are typically categorized as follows:
Authoritarian Parenting:
Description: Authoritarian parents set strict rules and high expectations for their
children's behavior. They value discipline and obedience and often use punishment
to control their children. Communication is generally one-way, with little room for
negotiation or explanation.
Example: A parent who insists on rigid schedules and enforces rules without much
room for flexibility or understanding the child's perspective.
Scenario: A 3-year-old child spills their juice accidentally. The parent responds with
a stern tone, scolding the child for being careless and sending them to their room as
punishment.
Scenario: A child receives a low grade on a test. The parent reacts by scolding the
child, taking away privileges, and telling them that their only job is to excel in school.
Permissive Parenting:
Description: Permissive parents are lenient and indulgent. They are accepting of
their children's desires and actions, often avoiding setting strict boundaries.
Discipline is minimal, and parents tend to act more like friends than authority figures.
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Example: A parent who allows their child to stay up late, eat sugary snacks, and
make most decisions without guidance or consequences.
Scenario: A 4-year-old child insists on watching TV right before bedtime. The parent
allows it, even though it disrupts the child's sleep routine.
Scenario: A child wants to eat candy for breakfast. The parent allows it, saying that
the child can make their own decisions about what to eat.
Authoritative Parenting:
Description: Authoritative parents set clear expectations and rules but also provide
reasons for them. They value communication, encourage independence, and use
discipline methods that are fair and consistent. They are supportive and nurturing
while also maintaining boundaries.
Example: A parent who listens to their child's opinions, explains the reasons behind
rules, and collaborates with the child on problem-solving.
Scenario: A 5-year-old child refuses to eat their vegetables. The parent explains the
importance of a balanced diet, involving the child in choosing which vegetables to
eat, and making it a fun activity by creating a colorful plate together.
Scenario: A child wants to stay out late with friends on a school night. The parent
discusses the importance of sleep and school responsibilities, offering a compromise
that allows the child to go out but return home at a reasonable time.
Uninvolved/Neglectful Parenting:
Description: Uninvolved parents are emotionally distant and provide little guidance
or support. They may be preoccupied with their own lives and neglect their children's
needs, both emotionally and physically.
Example:A parent who is often absent, pays minimal attention to their child's
activities, and doesn't provide much emotional or practical support.
Scenario: A 2-year-old child is crying and needs attention. The parent is engrossed
in their phone and doesn't notice or respond to the child's distress.
Scenario: A child is struggling with bullying at school. The parent is unaware of the
situation and doesn't provide any emotional support or guidance.
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These parenting styles can have varying impacts on a child's development and well-
being. Authoritative parenting is generally considered to be associated with the most
positive outcomes for children, as it combines clear expectations with warmth and
responsiveness. However, each child and family is unique, and a combination of
these styles might be present in different aspects of parenting.
2.SEL Activity
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Social Emotional Learning is important to learn at every age. Use these dough 2D
play dough mats of faces to help them express their emotions and learn about
feelings in general. While they create different faces, give them vocabulary words
that match the expressions
3.Sensory Bin
4. Noodle Necklace
Something simple like a noodle necklace is a
great way to have fun working on eye-hand
coordination and motor skills. Dye the noodles
and have students also create or mimic
patterns!
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5.Color Sorting
7.Pancake Math
A cute way to do number work and use motor
skills. Using numbered cardboard "pancakes"
students will pretend to be chefs and play different
number games - match the number, identify the
number, or order the numbers.
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Child Development in early years- Activities and Assignments
Real life scenarios and case studies for classroom discussion and assignments
Here are some real-life scenarios and case studies related to child development,
along with accompanying questions to stimulate discussions-
Case Study: Mark, a 4-year-old, has difficulty sharing toys and often becomes upset
when he has to interact with other children. He prefers solitary activities.
Questions:
● How can you create an environment that supports Mark's social growth and
encourages positive interactions?
● What strategies can you use to help Mark learn about sharing and
cooperating with his peers?
Answer:
To support Mark's social growth and encourage positive interactions, you could:
● Create small group activities that allow him to interact with fewer children at
once.
● Use cooperative games to promote teamwork and sharing.
● Model and teach social skills through stories, role-play, and discussions.
Case Study: Lily, a 4-year-old, struggles with gross motor skills like running and
jumping. She often trips over her own feet and avoids participating in active play.
Questions:
● What are the expected physical development milestones for a child Lily's age?
● How can you create activities that support Lily's motor skill development in a
fun and engaging way?
Answer:
To support Lily's motor skill development, you could:
● Set up obstacle courses and active play areas that encourage running,
jumping, and climbing.
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● Incorporate games that involve large movements, like "Simon Says" or
dancing.
● Provide a variety of equipment for physical activities, such as balls, balance
boards, and hula hoops.
Case: A 5-year-old child struggles with holding a pencil correctly and has difficulty
with tasks requiring fine motor control, such as coloring or buttoning clothes.
Questions:
● What are some activities you could incorporate into the classroom to help
improve this child's fine motor skills?
Answer:
● Using small manipulatives like beads or building blocks.
● Offering art projects that involve cutting, pasting, and coloring.
● Encouraging activities that involve using fingers and hands, such as
playdough or threading beads.
Case: A 3-year-old child has limited vocabulary and struggles to express themselves
verbally compared to their peers.
Questions:
● What are some typical language milestones for a 3-year-old? How does this
child's development compare?
● What strategies would you implement to encourage language development in
this child?
● How might you create an inclusive and supportive classroom environment that
promotes language growth?
Answer:
Strategies to encourage language development could involve:
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Case: Two preschoolers are playing together. One child grabs a toy from the other,
causing the second child to cry. The first child looks puzzled.
Questions:
● How could you address this situation to develop positive social interactions?
● What strategies can you employ to teach sharing and empathy to young
children?
Answer:
To foster positive social interactions in this situation, you could:
● Mediate the conflict by explaining the importance of sharing and how it makes
friends feel happy.
● Encourage the child who took the toy to apologize and offer it back.
● Reinforce the idea that cooperation and empathy lead to better play
experiences.
● Reading stories that focus on these themes and discussing the characters'
actions.
● Providing opportunities for children to talk about their feelings and
perspectives during conflicts.
Hands-on Activities
● Textured items: Rice, pasta, sand, water beads, cotton balls, fabric swatches,
feathers, etc.
● Visual materials: Colored lights, bubbles, glitter, colored water, etc.
● Scented items: Essential oils, herbs, flowers, fruits, spices, etc.
● Auditory materials: Bells, musical instruments, shakers, chimes, etc.
2. Family Tree Art: teachers can create family tree posters with cut-out pictures of
family members. Discuss how family relationships contribute to a child's social and
emotional development.
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4. Organize a role-playing activity where teachers take on the role of caregivers
responding to an infant's cues
Cognitive Development:
Situation: A child is trying to fit different-shaped blocks into corresponding holes on a
toy.
Situation: A child is pointing at a picture in a book and naming the objects they see.
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MCQ
Cognitive Development:
Question: During circle time, a child points to pictures of animals and names them.
What cognitive skill is the child demonstrating?
A) Emotional expression
B) Language development
C) Gross motor skills
D) Fine motor skills
Answer: B) Language development
Question: A child is using blocks to build a tower with different levels. What
developmental skill is the child primarily using?
A) Emotional expression
B) Fine motor skills
C) Physical coordination
D) Social interaction
Answer: C) Physical coordination
Question: During free play, a child sorts different shapes into corresponding holes
on a toy. What cognitive skill is the child demonstrating?
Question: During outdoor play, a child is jumping over a line drawn on the ground.
What type of skill is the child practicing?
A) Reading skills
B) Fine motor skills
C) Gross motor skills
D) Social skills
Answer: C) Gross motor skills
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Question: A child is attempting to catch a ball thrown to them. What developmental
skill is being displayed?
A) Emotional expression
B) Fine motor skills
C) Gross motor skills
D) Cognitive skills
Answer: C) Gross motor skills
Question: A child is using playdough to shape small objects like animals and fruits.
What skill is the child demonstrating?
A) Emotional expression
B) Fine motor skills
C) Gross motor skills
D) Cognitive skills
Answer: B) Fine motor skills
Question: A child is using their fingers to thread beads onto a string. What type of
skill is being utilized?
A) Emotional expression
B) Gross motor skills
C) Fine motor skills
D) Social interaction
Answer: C) Fine motor skills
Question: A child is using scissors to cut along a straight line on a piece of paper.
What skill is the child demonstrating?
A) Emotional expression
B) Fine motor skills
C) Gross motor skills
D) Cognitive skills
Answer: B) Fine motor skills
Question: A child is using their fingers to pick up small buttons and place them into
different color-coded containers. What type of skill is being utilized?
A) Emotional expression
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B) Gross motor skills
C) Fine motor skills
D) Social interaction
Answer: C) Fine motor skills
Question: During a group activity, a child raises their hand to share an idea. What
developmental skill is the child displaying?
A) Emotional expression
B) Fine motor skills
C) Gross motor skills
D) Social skills
Answer: D) Social skills
Question: A child comforts a friend who is crying by offering a tissue and a hug.
What developmental skill is the child demonstrating?
A) Cognitive skills
B) Emotional expression
C) Gross motor skills
D) Language development
Answer: B) Emotional expression
Question: During a group activity, a child waits their turn before speaking. What
developmental skill is the child displaying?
A) Emotional expression
B) Fine motor skills
C) Gross motor skills
D) Social skills
Answer: D) Social skills
A) Emotional expression
B) Gross motor skills
C) Fine motor skills
D) Sensory exploration
Answer: D) Sensory exploration
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Question: A child is pretending to be a chef and using play food to serve their
friends. What type of skill is being exhibited?
A) Cognitive skills
B) Gross motor skills
C) Social interaction
D) Fine motor skills
Answer: C) Social interaction
A) Cognitive skills
B) Gross motor skills
C) Social interaction
D) Fine motor skills
Answer: C) Social interaction
Parenting styles
A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Permissive
D) Uninvolved
Answer: A) Authoritative
A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Permissive
D) Uninvolved
Answer: B) Authoritarian
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Question 3: Parents using the ________________ parenting style are often seen as
more like friends than authority figures, allowing their children considerable freedom
and autonomy.
A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Permissive
D) Uninvolved
Answer: C) Permissive
A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Permissive
D) Uninvolved
Answer: D) Uninvolved
A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Permissive
D) Uninvolved
Answer: A) Authoritative
Question 6: Parents using the ________________ parenting style are nurturing and
supportive but may struggle with setting clear boundaries and discipline.
A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Permissive
D) Uninvolved
Answer: C) Permissive
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Question 7: The ________________ parenting style strikes a balance between
setting high expectations and offering emotional support, creating a positive and
nurturing environment.
A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Permissive
D) Uninvolved
Answer: A) Authoritative
A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Permissive
D) Uninvolved
Answer: D) Uninvolved
A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Permissive
D) Uninvolved
Answer: A) Authoritative
Question 10: Parents following the ________________ parenting style are more
likely to use punishment-based discipline and value obedience over independent
thinking.
A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Permissive
D) Uninvolved
Answer: B) Authoritarian
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Authoritative parents are responsive towards their children and ---------------- to listen
to them.
Unwilling
Befriending
Willing
Permissive
--------------- development refers to those changes that make it possible for an infant,
who in the early months uses crying as a means of communication to learn words
and then sentences to converse fluently.
Language
Physical
Cognitive
Motor
The rate of physical growth is -------------- during the pre-school years compared to
infancy and toddlerhood.
Slow
Fast
Steady
Accelerated
. ----------------- people face a slight disadvantage in using most tools and instruments
like scissors, musical instruments etc.
Left-handed
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Right-handed
Ambidextrous
Dexterous
------------ parents fail to explain the reason behind the rules set in the house.
Authoritative
Neglectful
Authoritarian
Permissive
. At first the ------ is completely helpless and during the first two months, spend most
of their time sleeping.
Toddlers
Preteens
Infants
Adults
------ development refers to the emergence of anxiety and sorrow and the society
acceptable ways of expressing them.
Emotional
Social
Language
Cognitive
The increased muscular co-ordination and ability to use the thumb and the forefinger
to hold the chalk enables the toddler to -------------------.
Grasp
Scribble
Write
Read
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. Growth and development is a ------------- process.
Integrated
Discontinuous
Continuous
Evolutionary
------------ development refers to the development of those abilities that enable the
individual to behave in accordance with the expectation of the society.
Emotional
Social
Cognitive
Motor
--------------- parents are emotionally unsupportive of their children, but will still
provide their basic needs.
Authoritative
Neglectful
Authoritarian
Permissive
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