Class-7

Subject-Social Science
Annual portion notes
Geography
Chapter-3
Assam
A.

1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-e,5-b.

B.

1.Camellia Sinensis.

2.humid.

3.south-west.

4.one-horned rhino.

5.Majuli.

C.

1.River Brahmaputra is called the lifeline of Assam.

2.Bihu is celebrated thrice in Assam.Once in the month of April, as Rongali Bihu,again in the month of
November, as Kongali Bihu and again in the month of January,as Bhogali Bihu.

3.Haflong is the only hill station of Assam.

4.Dispur is the capital of Assam.

5.Guwahati is the largest city of Assam.

D.

1.The states that have been carved out of Assam are- Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal
Pradesh.

2.The three main dynasty that ruled the Assam region during 350 CE to 1100 CE are as follows-

a)Varmanas dynasty.

b)Mlechchha dynasty.

c)Kamarupa-Pala dynasty.
3.Assam is called ‘The Gateway of North-East' because it connects six north-eastern states to Indian
mainland.

4.Three national parks of Assam are as follows-

a) Kaziranga National Park.

b)Nameri National Park.

c)Orang National Park.

5.Agriculture is the basis of the economy of Assam because majority of people in Assam are engaged
in agriculture.

E.

1.(a) History of Assam – History of Assam is divided into three parts- ancient, medieval and modern.
Both archaeological sources as well as literary sources are available to reconstruct the history of
Assam. In ancient Assam, several dynasties ruled like- Danava,Naraka,Mariachi,etc. The three main
dynasties that ruled in Assam were- Varmanas, Mlechchhas and Kamarupa-Palas dynasties.Ahoms
came to Assam during medieval period. At the same time, Mughal invasion took place in Assam. The
modern history of Assam started when Britishers annexed Assam after the Treaty of Yandaboo in
1826. Assam got independence in 1947 from British and it was declared as a separate state.

(b) Geography of Assam – Assam is one of the border states of India. It shares boundaries with
neighbouring states like Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura, Manipur and
West Bengal. It shares international boundaries with Bhutan and Bangladesh. Assam is naturally
gifted with different geographical features. River Brahmaputra is the lifeline of Assam. The total area
of Assam is 78,438 square km. Dispur is the capital of Assam and Guwahati is the largest city of Assam.

2. Assam is well developed in transportation system. Assam has both metalled and non-metalled
roads. Assam has highways which link it with other parts of a country. Assam has efficient railway
system comprised of broad gauge, metre gauge and narrow gauge. Assam has well developed
airways. Lokopriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport is located at Guwahati. Assam has well
developed water transport as well.

3.Some of the important tourist destinations of Assam are as follows-

a) Kamakhya temple, Brahmaputra river cruise,Lake Chandubi,Umananda temple,Balaji

temple,Planatorium, kalakhetra,etc at Guwahati.

b) Haflong-the only hill station of the state.

c)Jorhat-the last capital of the Ahom dynasty.

d) Kaziranga National Park.

e)Majuli-the largest freshwater island of South Asia.

f) Other National Parks such as Nameri, Orang, Dibru Saikhowa,etc.

g) places like Sivasagar, Tinsukia, Tezpur,etc.

h) Mahamrityunjay temple and Srimanta Sankardeva Than Bordowa at Nagaon.

4. The climate of Assam is humid with temperature ranging from 35 to 30 degree celsius in summer
and 6 to 8 degree celsius in winter. The region receives heavy rainfall. The flood is common in Assam
causing loss of life and property. Due to flood, many parts of the region get disconnected from the
rest of the country.

5. The natural vegetation of Assam includes deciduous forest, tropical rainforest, bamboo orchards,
grasslands and wetlands. The Orchid is the primary plant found in this state.

Assam is home to wide variety of wildlife and birds. One horned rhino, Bengal tiger, Asian elephant,
wild water buffalo, golden langur, gaur, Ganges river dolphin, Asian forest tortoise, etc are some
animals found in Assam. Different kinds of birds found in Assam are white-winged wood duck, white-
rumped vulture, black-breasted parrot bill, Bengal florican, rufous-necked hornbill, etc.

---------------------------