@✓ @ 2✓

⇢c =T 2
@t @x
⇢ c T

3 3
⇢ = 2.5 · 10
3 1
c = 850.0
1 1 1
T = 63.75

✓(x, 0) = 273 + 4.42x 0.08x2

x ✓

t=1 x=5
T t 63.75 1
r= 2
= = 1.2
⇢c x 2.5 · 10 · 850 52
3

r⇥ 1
2

O( t2 , x2 , )

✓(0, t) = 273
@✓
=0
@x x=50
 ✓(0, t) = 273
✓(50, t) = 294

t=1 x = 10
T t 63.75 1
r= 2
= = 0.3
⇢c x 2.5 · 10 · 850 102
3

@✓ n ✓in+1 ✓in
= + O( t).
@t i t

n
@✓ n ✓i+1 2✓in + ✓in 1
= + O( x2 ).
@ 2 x2 i x2

✓in+1 ✓in n
T ✓i+1 2✓in + ✓in 1
=
t ⇢c x2

✓in+1 = r✓in 1 + (1 2r)✓in + r✓i+1

n
,

Un+1 = BUn + F
0 1
309.2
B329.4C
U0 = B C
@333.6A ,
321.8

B
0 1
0.4 0.3 0 0
B0.3 0.4 0.3 0 C
B=B C
@ 0 0.3 0.4 0.3A .
0 0 0.3 0.4
n
F r✓i+1 x=0 x = 50cm

✓1n+1 = r✓0n + (1 2r)✓1n + r✓2n = r · 273 + (1 2r)✓1n + r✓2n

✓4n+1 = r✓3n + (1 2r)✓4n + r✓5n = r✓3n + (1 2r)✓4n + r · 294
 0 n1 0 1
r✓0 0.3 · 273
B 0 C B 0 C
F=B C B
@ 0 A = @ 0 A.
C

r✓5n 0.3 · 294

0 1
304.40
B324.60C
U1 = BU0 + F = B C
@328.80A .
317.00
0 1
301.04
B319.80C
U2 = BU1 + F = B C
@324.00A .
313.64

ut = ⌫uxx x 2 (0, 1) t > 0

u(0, t) = 0 u(1, t) = 0

u(x, 0) = g(x) = sin(⇡x).

⌫=2

x = 0.1 t = 0.004
 t 0.004
r=⌫ 2
=2 = 0.8
x 0.12
r⇥ 1
2

@u n+1/2 un+1
i,j uni,j
= + O( t2 ).
@t i t


@ 2u n+1/2 1 @ 2 u n+1 @ 2 u n
= + 2 + O( x2 )
@x2 i 2 @x2 i @x i

1
= (un+1
i 1 2un+1
i + un+1 n
i+1 ) + (ui 1 2uni + uni+1 )
2 x2
+ O( x2 ).
 
un+1
i uni 1
=⌫ (un+1
i 1 2un+1
i + un+1 n
i+1 ) + (ui 1 2uni + uni+1 )
t 2 x2
t
r=⌫ x2
n+1 n
r n+1 r n+1 r n r n
U + (1 + r)Uin+1 U = Ui 1 + (1 r)Uin + Ui+1 =
2 i 1 2 i+1 2 2

AUn+1 = BUn + F
0 1
U1n+1
B C
n+1 B C
U =B C,
@ A
n+1
UM
0 n1
U1
B C
B C
Un = B C .
@ A
n
UM
A
0 r
1
(1 + r) 2
B r
(1 + r) r C
B 2 2 C
B C
A=B C
B r r
C
@ 2
(1 + r) 2
A
r
2
(1 + r)

B
0 r
1
(1 r) 2
B r
(1 r) r C
B 2 2 C
B C
B=B C
B r r
C
@ 2
(1 r) 2
A
r
2
(1 r)

F
0 1
U0n+1 + U0n
B 0 C
rB
B
C
C
F= B C.
2B C
@ 0 A
n+1 n
UM +1 + UM+1

[0, 1]
t=
0.02
1
x= 4
= 0.25

t 0.02
r=⌫ 2
=2 = 0.64,
x 0.252

AUn+1 = BUn + F
0 1
U1n+1
Un+1 = @U2n+1 A ,
U3n+1
0 1
sin(⇡ · 0.25)
U0 = @ sin(⇡ · 0.5) A .
sin(⇡ · 0.75)
A 0 1
1.64 0.32 0
A= @ 0.32 1.64 0.32A
0 0.32 1.64
B 0 1
0.36 0.32 0
B = @0.32 0.36 0.32A
0 0.32 0.36
F
0 1
0
r@ A
F= 0 .
2
0
0 1
0.4839
U1 = @0.6843A .
0.4839
 h

@h @ 2h
Ss = K 2 x 2 [0, L]
@t @x
h(x, 0) = hx
h(0, t) = h0
⇢ t
hx hx 3600
0  t  3600
h(L, t) = hL (t) =
0 t > 3600

Ss K L
hx
h0
hL (t)

• L
•
•
1
• K = 0.1 Ss = 0.2
•

Nivel freático original

Superficie

3.5 m

h0 = 6.5
h Nivel freático alterado

x
100 m
Nivel freático en la cimentación hL
 @h n hn+1
i hni
= + O( t).
@t i t

@ 2h n hni+1 2hni + uni 1

= + O( x2 ).
@x2 i x2

hn+1
i hni K hni+1 2hni + hni 1
=
t Ss x2

hn+1
i = rhni 1 + (1 2r)hni + rhni+1 ,

K t
r=
Ss x2

L 100
x = = =5
m 20
1dia 24 · 3600
t = = = 7200
n 12
K t 0.001 7200
r = 2
= = 1.44
Ss x 0.2 52

r⇥ 1
2

L 100
x = = = 25
m 4
1dia 24 · 3600
t = = = 3600
n 24
K t 0.001 3600
r = 2
= = 0.028
Ss x 0.2 252

r6 1
2
 Hn+1 = AHn + F
0 11
H1
H = H21 A ,
1 @
H31
0 01
H1
H = @H20 A .
0

H30
A 0 1
(1 2r) r 0
A=@ r (1 2r) r A.
0 r (1 2r)
F
0 1
rH0n
F = @ 0 A.
rH4n

Hn+1 = AHn + F
1 0
6.5
H1 = A · H 0 + F = @6.5A ,
6.5
0 1
6.5
H2 = A · H 1 + F = @ 6.5 A .
6.3180

@h n+1 hn+1
i hni
= + O( t).
@t i t

@ 2h n+1 hn+1
i 1 2hn+1
i + hn+1
i+1
= + O( x2 ).
@x2 i x2

hn+1
i hni K hn+1
i 1 2hn+1
i + hn+1
i+1
= .
t Ss x2

hni = rhn+1 n+1

i 1 + (1 + 2r)hi rhn+1
i+1 .
 K t
r=
Ss x2

AHn+1 = IHn + F I

A 0 1
(1 + 2r) r 0
A=@ r (1 + 2r) r A.
0 r (1 + 2r)
F
0 1
rH0n+1
F = @ 0 A.
n+1
rHM +1

3 3

ut = ⌫uxx + u x 2 (0, 1) t > 0

u(0, t) = 0 ux (1, t) = 0

8
>
> 0 x < 1/4
<
4x 1 1/4  x < 1/2
u(x, 0) =
>
> 4x + 3 1/2  x < 3/4
:
0 3/4  x

⌫>0 <0
 n un+1
i uni
ut = + O( t).
i t

n uni+1 uni + uni 1

uxx = + O( x2 ).
i x2

Uin+1 Uin n
Ui+1 Uin + Uin 1
=⌫ + Uin .
t x2

Uin+1 = rUin 1 + (1 2r + t)Uin + rUi+1

n
,
t
r=⌫
x2
U0n = 0
n
xM +1
n unM +1 unM 1
0 = ux ' .
M 2 x
unM 1 = unM +1
i=1 i=M
U1n+1 = (1 2r + t)U1n + run2 ,
n+1 n n
UM = 2rUM 1 + (1 2r + t)UM .
Un+1 = AUn
0 1
U1n+1
B C
n+1 B C
U =B C,
@ A
n+1
UM
A
0 1
(1 2r + t) r
B r (1 2r + t) r C
B C
B C
A=B C.
B C
@ r (1 2r + t) r A
2r (1 2r + t)
 = 0 ⌫ = 0

=0 ut = ⌫uxx
Un+1 = AUn
0 1
(1 2r) r
B r (1 2r) r C
B C
B C
A=B C.
B C
@ r (1 2r) r A
2r (1 2r)

⌫=0 ut = u

un+1 = (1 + t)un .

⌫ = 0.1 = 0.1 x = 0.25 t = 0.1

u
⌫ t x r
t
r=⌫ = 0.16.
x2
r6 1
2

0 1
0
B1 C
U=B C
@0 A .
0

A
0 1
0.67 0.16 0 0
B0.16 0.67 0.16 0 C
A=B C
@ 0 0.16 0.67 0.16A .
0 0 0.32 0.67

1 0
0.16
B0.67C
U1 = AU0 = B C
@0.16A .
0
0 1
0.2144
B0.5001C
U2 = AU1 = B C
@0.2144A .
0.0512
 1
U0
0.9 U1

0.8 U2

0.7

0.6

0.5
x

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
U

u(x, t)

n+1 un+1
i uni
ut = + O( t).
i t

n+1 un+1
i 1 2un+1
i + un+1
i+1
uxx = + O( x2 ).
i x2

un+1
i uni un+1
i 1 2un+1
i + un+1
i+1
= + un+1
i O( x2 ).
t x2

Uin+1 Uin Uin+1

1 2Uin+1 + Ui+1
n+1
= + Uin+1 .
t x2

Uin = rUin+1
1 + (1 + 2r t)Uin+1 n+1
rUi+1 .
 U0n = 0 UM 1 = UM +1
n+1 n
AU =U
0 1
(1 + 2r t) r
B r (1 + 2r t) r C
B C
B C
A=B C.
B C
@ r (1 + 2r t) r A
2r (1 + 2r t)

ut = ⌫uxx x 2 (0, 1) t > 0

ux (0, t) = 0 ux (1, t) = 0

8
< 3 x < 1/4
u(x, 0) = 4(1 x) 1/4  x < 3/4
:
1 3/4  x

⌫ > 0

n un+1
i uni
ut = + O( t).
i t

n uni+1 2uni + uni 1

uxx = + O( x2 ).
i x2
 Uin+1 Uin n
Ui+1 2Uin + Uin 1
=⌫ .
t x2

Uin+1 = rUin 1 + (1 2r)Uin + rUi+1

n
.
U n+1
1
n+1
UM +2
U0n+1 UM n+1
+1
i = 0 (x = 0)
U0n+1 = rU n1 + (1 2r)U0n + rU1n
@u n un1 un 1
' = 0, U1 = U 1
@x x=0 2 x
U0n+1 = (1 2r)U0n + 2rU1n .
i = M + 1 (x = 1)
n+1 n n n
UM +1 = rUM + (1 2r)UM +1 + rUM +2

@u n unM +2 unM
' = 0, UM +2 = UM
@x x=1 2 x
n+1 n n
UM +1 = 2rUM + (1 2r)UM +1 .

⌫ = 0.2 x = 0.25 t = 0.1

u
t 0.1
r=⌫ = 0.2 = 0.32
x2 0.252
r6 1
2
Un+1 = BUn + F

0 1
U0n+1
BU0.25
n+1 C
B n+1 C
U n+1
=B
BU0.5
C,
C
@U0.75 A
n+1

U1n+1
0 n 1
U0
BU0.25
n C
B C
Un = B U n C
B n0.5 C
@U0.75 A
U1n
B
0 1
(1 2r) 2r
B r (1 2r) r C
B C
B C
B=B C
B C
@ r (1 2r) r A
2r (1 2r)
 r
0 1
0.36 0.64
B0.32 0.36 0.32 C
B C
B=B
B 0.32 0.36 0.32 C
C
@ 0.32 0.36 0.32A
0.64 0.36
0 1
0
B0 C
B C
F=B C
B0 C .
@0 A
0

0 1
3
B3 C
B C
U0 = B C
B2 C ,
@1 A
1
1 0
3
B2.68C
B C
U1 = BU0 = B
B 2 C,
C
@1.32A
1
0 1
2.7952
B2.5648C
B C
U2 = BU1 = B
B 2 C.
C
@1.4352A
1.2048
⌫ =2 x = 0.25 t = 0.1

t 0.1
r=⌫ 2
=2 = 3.2
x 0.252
r⇥ 1
2

r
0 1
5.4 6.4
B 3.2 5.4 3.2 C
B C
B=B
B 3.2 5.4 3.2 C
C
@ 3.2 5.4 3.2 A
6.4 5.4
 0 1
0
B0 C
B C
F=B C
B0 C .
@0 A
0

0 1
3
B3C
B C
U0 = B C
B2C ,
@1A
1
0 1
3
B 0.2C
B C
U1 = BU0 = BB 2 C,
C
@ 4.2 A
1
0 1
17.48
B 17.08 C
B C
U2 = BU1 = B
B 2 C.
C
@ 13.08A
21.48
U2

@u n+1/2 un+1
i uni
= + O( t2 ).
@t i t


@ 2u n+1/2 1 @ 2 u n+1 @ 2 u n
= + 2 + O( x2 )
@x2 i 2 @x i2 @x i

1
= 2
(un+1
i 1 2un+1
i + un+1 n
i+1 ) + (ui 1 2uni + uni+1 )
2 x
+ O( x2 ).


un+1
i uni 1
=⌫ (un+1
i 1 2un+1
i + un+1 n
i+1 ) + (ui 1 2uni + uni+1 )
t 2 x2
 t
r=⌫ x2
n+1 n
r n+1 r n+1 r r n
U + (1 + r)Uin+1 Ui+1 = + Uin 1 + (1 r)Uin + Ui+1 =
2 i 1 2 2 2

U n+1
1
n+1
UM +2
U0n+1 n+1
UM +1

i = 0 (x = 0)
r n+1 r n+1 r r
U 1 + (1 + r)U0n+1 U1 = + U n1 + (1 r)U0n + U1n
2 2 2 2
n n
@u n u u 1
' 1 = 0, U1 = U 1
@x x=0 2 x
(1 + r)U0n+1 rU1n+1 = (1 r)U0n + rU1n

i = M + 1 (x = 1)
r n+1 n+1 r n+1 r n n r n
U + (1 + r)UM UM +2 = + UM + (1 r)UM +1 + UM +2
2 M +1
2 2 2
@u n un unM
' M +2 = 0, UM +2 = UM
@x x=1 2 x
n+1 n+1 n n
(1 + r)UM +1 rUM = (1 r)UM +1 + rUM

AUn+1 = BUn + F
0 1
U0n+1
B C
n+1 B C
U =B C,
@ A
n+1
UM +1
0 1
U0n
B C
B C
Un = B C.
@ A
n
UM +1

A
0 1
(1 + r) r
B r
(1 + r) r C
B 2 2 C
B C
A=B C
B r r
C
@ 2
(1 + r) 2
A
r (1 + r)
B
0 1
(1 r) r
B r
(1 r) r C
B 2 2 C
B C
B=B C
B r r
C
@ 2
(1 r) 2
A
r (1 r)

F
0 1
0
B0 C
B C
F=B C
B0 C .
@0 A
0

4 4