Graphic Art- covers a broad range of visual artistic expression, typically two-dimensional, i.e.

produced on a flat
surface.

• Drawing- is a form of visual art in which a person uses various drawing instruments to mark paper or another
two-dimensional medium.
• Engraving- is putting a design onto a hard, flat surface, by carving into it. The result may be a decorative piece
in itself, as when silver, gold or steel are engraved, or may provide a printing plate of copper or another metal,
for printing images on paper which are also called engravings.
• Printmaking- is the process of making artworks by printing, normally on paper. Printmaking normally covers
only the process of creating prints that have an element of originality, rather than just being a photographic
reproduction of a painting.
• Aquatint- a print resembling a watercolor, produced from a copper plate etched with nitric acid.
• Drypoint- a steel needle for engraving on a bare copper plate without acid.
➢ an engraving or print produced with a dry point needle.
➢ engraving by means of a dry point needle.
• Etching- a print produced by the process of etching
• Mezzotint- a print made from an engraved copper or steel plate on which the surface has been partially
roughened, for shading, and partially scraped smooth, giving light areas. The technique was much used in the
17th, 18th, and early 19th centuries for the reproduction of paintings.
• Monotype- is a type of printmaking made by drawing or painting on a smooth, non-absorbent surface.
• Lithography- the process of printing from a flat surface treated so as to repel the ink except where it is required
for printing.
• Calligraphy- decorative handwriting or handwritten lettering.
• Photography- is the science, art, application and practice of creating durable images by recording light or
other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of
a light-sensitive material such as photographic film
• Painting- the process or art of using paint, in a picture, as a protective coating, or as decoration.
• Typography- is the art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable,
and appealing when displayed
• Bindery- workshop or factory where sheets of (usually) paper are fastened together to make books, but also
where gold and other decorative elements are added to the exterior of books, where boxes or slipcases for
books are made and where the restoration of books is carried out.

HISTORY OF GRAPHIC ARTS

2500 B.C., the Egyptians used graphic symbols to communicate their thoughts in a written form known
as hieroglyphics.

➢ The Egyptians wrote and illustrated narratives on rolls of papyrus to share the stories and art with others.
• Papyrus- refers to a thick type of paper made from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus
papyrus. Papyrus can also refer to a document written on sheets of papyrus joined together side by
side and rolled up into a scroll, an early form of a book. The plural for such documents is papyri.

During the Middle Ages- scribes manually copied each individual page of manuscripts to maintain their sacred
teachings.

Johannes Gutenberg- invented an improved movable type mechanical device known as the printing press in 1450, the
first outside of Asia.

➢ His printing press facilitated the mass-production of text and graphic art and eventually, replaced manual
transcriptions altogether.
Renaissance years- graphic art in the form of printing played a major role in the spread of classical learning in Europe.
Within these manuscripts, book designers focused heavily on typeface.
 ➢ Typeface- is a set of one or more fonts each composed of glyphs that share common design features. Each
font of a typeface has a specific weight, style, condensation, width, slant, italicization, ornamentation, and
designer or foundry (and formerly size, in metal fonts).
Industrial Revolution- became a popular form of graphic art used to communicate the latest information as well as to
advertise the latest products and services.
Graphic Arts came when the personal computer was invented in the twentieth century. Powerful computer software
enables artists to manipulate images in a much faster and simpler way than the skills of board artists prior to the
1990s. With quick calculations, computers easily recolor, scale, rotate, and rearrange images if the programs are
known.