Prescotts Microbiology Willey 9th Edition Test Bank Full Download

Prescottâ€™s Microbiology Willey 9th Edition Test Bank
Prescottâ€™s Microbiology Willey 9th Edition Test

Bank
To download the complete and accurate content document, go to:

https://testbankbell.com/download/prescotts-microbiology-willey-9th-edition-test-bank/
Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

Chapter 09 - Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Chapter 09
Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Who is usually credited with the discovery of penicillin?

A. Fleming
B. Florey and Chain
C. Duchesne
D. Ehrlich
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical,

chemical, mechanical, and biological methods.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.01.01 Trace the general history of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Section: 09.02
Topic: Antimicrobial Medications
2. Whose discovery of streptomycin stimulated an intense search for other antibiotics?

A. Waksman
B. Ehrlich
C. Fleming
D. Pasteur

Section: 09.01
9-1
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
3. The use of arsenic compound Salvarsan as a treatment for syphilis is credited to

A. Fleming.
B. Ehrlich.
C. Waksman.
D. Chain.

Section: 09.01
4. Chemotherapeutic agents that are natural products of microorganisms are most specifically
referred to as __________.
A. antimicrobial agents
B. synthetic drugs
C. antibiotics
D. semisynthetic drugs

Section: 09.01
9-2
5. Who is generally credited with the discovery of sulfanilamide as a chemotherapeutic

agent?
A. Gerhard Domagk
B. Ernest Duchesne
C. Ernst Chain
D. Robert Koch

Section: 09.01
Fill in the Blank Questions
6. __________ __________ are activities of a chemotherapeutic agent that damage the host
either by inhibiting the same process in the host as in the target cell or by damaging other
processes.
Side effects

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.02.01 Explain the difference between a narrow and broad spectrum
drug
Section: 09.02
9-3
True / False Questions
7. The minimum lethal concentration (MLC) is the lowest concentration of drug from which
organisms fail to recover when removed from the drug.
TRUE

ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 09.03.01 Explain how to determine the level of antibacterial drug activity
using the dilution susceptibility test, the disk diffusion test, and the Etest®
Section: 09.03
8. Agents that are static and, therefore, do not kill infecting microorganisms are not useful as
chemotherapeutic agents.
FALSE

Learning Outcome: 09.02.02 Correlate lack of microbial growth with selective toxicity
Section: 09.02
9-4
9. A drug that disrupts a microbial function not found in animal cells usually has a higher
therapeutic index.
TRUE

Section: 09.02
10. The drug level required for the clinical treatment of a particular infection is called the
A. therapeutic dose.
B. toxic dose.
C. therapeutic index.
D. minimal inhibitory concentration.

Section: 09.03
9-5
11. Which of the following inhibits protein synthesis?

A. dapsone
B. erythromycin
C. penicillin
D. isoniazid
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
Learning Outcome: 09.04.01 Compare antibacterial drug mechanisms of action
Section: 09.04
12. Which of the following is likely to have the most toxic side effects to humans?
A. Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis.
B. Inhibitors of protein synthesis.
C. Disrupters of cell membrane structure.
D. Inhibitors of DNA synthesis.
Section: 09.04
9-6
13. Isoniazid is a narrow-spectrum antibiotic that

A. is not useful as a chemotherapeutic agent.
B. is one of the few drugs effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
C. is one of the few drugs effective against systemic fungal infections.
D. none of the choices
Learning Outcome: 09.04.03 Explain the relative effectiveness of various antibacterial agents
based on drug target
Section: 09.04
14. Consider an antibacterial drug. In which of the following cases would the action of the
drug be considered primarily bacteriostatic?
A. The minimal lethal concentration (MLC) is equal to the minimal inhibitory concentration
(MIC).
B. The MLC is lower than the MIC.
C. The MLC is 2-4 times higher than the MIC.
D. The MLC is 10-20 times higher than the MIC.
Section: 09.03
9-7
15. Chemotherapeutic agents that are chemically modified natural products of

microorganisms are most specifically referred to as __________.
B. synthetic drugs
C. antibiotics
Learning Outcome: 09.01.02 Propose natural sources of new antimicrobial agents
Section: 09.04
16. Chemotherapeutic agents that are artificially produced are most specifically referred to as
__________.
B. synthetic drugs
C. antibiotics
Learning Outcome: 09.01.02 Propose natural sources of new antimicrobial agents
Section: 09.04
9-8
17. The ratio of toxic dose to therapeutic dose is called the

A. toxicity index.
B. phenol coefficient.
C. therapeutic index.
D. susceptibility quotient.
Section: 09.02
18. The minimal lethal concentration (MLC) is the

A. lowest concentration of a drug that prevents growth of a particular pathogen.
B. highest concentration of a drug that prevents growth of a particular pathogen.
C. lowest concentration of a drug that kills a particular pathogen.
D. highest concentration of a drug that kills a particular pathogen.
Section: 09.03
9-9
19. The lowest concentration of an antibiotic that prevents growth is the

A. minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC).
B. minimal lethal concentration (MLC).
C. 50% inhibitory dose.
D. all of the choices
Section: 09.03
20. Which of the following is a desirable general characteristic of antimicrobial drugs?

A. selective toxicity
B. broad-spectrum of activity
C. bactericidal rather than bacteriostatic
21. When a chemotherapeutic agent is effective against many different pathogens, it is said to
be a __________ antibiotic.
broad-spectrum
drug
Section: 09.02
9-10
22. In a disk diffusion assay for drug susceptibility, a drug producing a larger clear zone is
always more effective than a drug than to one producing a smaller clear zone.
FALSE
Section: 09.03
23. Which of the following affects the size of the clear zone in a disk diffusion test of
antimicrobial susceptibility?
A. the initial concentration of the drug
B. the solubility of the drug
C. the diffusion rate of the drug
Section: 09.03
9-11
24. The E test is

A. a rapid serological test used to detect the presence of eastern equine encephalitis virus in
cerebrospinal fluid.
B. a quantitative antibiotic sensitivity test that utilizes plastic strips impregnated with an
antibiotic of interest.
C. used to quantify levels of IgE antibody in serum samples.
D. used to measure esculine levels in pasteurized milk.
Section: 09.03
25. In the broth dilution test, the highest concentration of the antibiotic resulting in no growth
after 16 to 20 hours of incubation is the MIC.
FALSE
Section: 09.03
9-12
26. Which of the following is not true about Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method?
A. After inoculation of bacteria, the agar surface is dried for about 5 minutes and the
appropriate antibiotic test disks are placed on it.
B. The plate is placed at 35C for 16 to 18 hours of incubation.
C. Bacteria used to swab plate should be at least a week old.
D. The diameters of the zones of inhibition are measured to the nearest millimeter.
Section: 09.03
27. Which of the following does not inhibit protein synthesis?

A. tetracycline
B. streptomycin
C. erythromycin
D. penicillin
E. all of the choices inhibit protein synthesis
Section: 09.04
9-13
28. The most selective antibacterial agents are those that interfere with bacterial cell wall
synthesis. This is because
A. bacterial cell walls have a unique structure not found in eukaryotic host cells.
B. bacterial cell wall synthesis is easily inhibited whereas eukaryotic cell wall synthesis is
more resistant to the actions of the drugs.
C. eukaryotic cells do not take up the drugs.
D. eukaryotic cells inactivate the drugs before they can do any damage.
29. In addition to inhibiting the transpeptidation reaction in cell wall synthesis, penicillins
may also destroy bacteria by
A. inhibiting DNA replication.
B. stimulating proteins to form holes in the plasma membrane.
C. inhibiting protein synthesis.
Section: 09.04
30. Aminoglycoside antibiotics

A. inhibit cell wall synthesis.
B. inhibit folic acid biosynthesis.
C. bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit.
D. bind to bacterial DNA polymerase.
Section: 09.04
9-14
31. Sulfonamides and other drugs that inhibit folic acid synthesis have a high therapeutic
index because
A. humans do not use folic acid.
B. humans do not synthesize folic acid but obtain it in their diets.
C. humans synthesize folic acid by a process that is not sensitive to sulfonamides.
D. none of these
Section: 09.04
32. Antibiotics that are given by injection are said to have a(n) __________ route of
administration.
A. oral
B. venal
C. parenteral
D. topical
Learning Outcome: 09.04.03 Explain the relative effectiveness of various antibacterial agents
based on drug target
Section: 09.08
9-15
33. Sulfonamides inhibit the production of folic acid and, therefore, inhibit the synthesis of
__________.
A. purines and pyrimidines
B. ribose
C. aromatic amino acids
D. peptidoglycan
Section: 09.04
34. Which of the following is (are) true about cephalosporins?

A. They, like penicillin, inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis.
B. There are four generations of cephalosporins.
C. They can be given to patients with penicillin allergies.
Section: 09.04
9-16
35. Bacitracin
A. inhibits DNA replication.
B. inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis.
C. interferes with protein synthesis.
D. interferes with plasma membrane function.
Section: 09.04
36. Vancomycin
A. inhibits the transglycosylase reaction in peptidoglycan biosynthesis.
B. interferes with the action of the lipid carrier that transports peptidoglycan precursors across
the plasma membrane.
C. inhibits the transpeptidation reaction in peptidoglycan biosynthesis.
D. blocks the addition of the pentapeptide chain during peptidoglycan biosynthesis.
Section: 09.04
9-17
37. Which of the following is a useful mechanism of action for an antibacterial drug?
A. Inhibition of cell wall synthesis.
B. Inhibition of protein synthesis.
C. Interference with RNA and DNA synthesis.
D. All of the choices.
Section: 09.04
38. Which of the following antibiotics specifically inhibits DNA synthesis?

A. gentamycin
B. polymyxin B
C. quinolones
D. tetracycline
Section: 09.04
9-18
39. Protein synthesis inhibitors have a low therapeutic index because they usually cannot
discriminate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes.
FALSE
Section: 09.04
40. Ampicillin, like penicillin, must be administered by injection because it is rapidly

degraded in the stomach and cannot, therefore, be given orally.
FALSE
Learning Outcome: 09.04.02 Relate side effect toxicity of antibacterial drugs to mechanism of
action
Section: 09.08
9-19
41. A(n) __________ is a drug that blocks the function of a metabolic pathway.
antimetabolite
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Section: 09.04
42. Which of the following is normally treated by antifungal creams and solutions?
A. Systemic mycoses.
B. Superficial mycoses.
C. Subcutaneous mycoses.
D. Intramuscular mycoses.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Learning Outcome: 09.05.01 Compare antifungal drug mechanisms of action
Section: 09.05
9-20
43. The treatment for pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci in AIDS patients is
A. atovaquone
B. miconazole
C. pentamidine
D. either atovaquone or pentamidine
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, interact with both human and non-
human hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways.
Learning Outcome: 09.05.01 Compare antifungal drug mechanisms of action
Section: 09.05
44. _______________ ________________ from Streptomyces spp. binds to the sterols in

fungal membranes, disrupting membrane permeability and causing leakage of cell
constituents.
Amphotericin B
Learning Outcome: 09.05.02 Explain why there are far fewer antifungal agents than there are
antibacterial agents
Section: 09.05
9-21
45. Treatment of fungal infections is more difficult than treatment of bacterial infections
because the greater metabolic similarity between the fungi and their hosts limits the ability of
a drug to have a selective toxicity.
TRUE
Learning Outcome: 09.05.02 Explain why there are far fewer antifungal agents than there are
Section: 09.05
46. A neuraminidase inhibitor called __________ is sometimes used in the treatment of

people infected with influenza viruses.
Tamiflu
Learning Outcome: 09.06.01 Compare antiviral drug mechanisms of action
Section: 09.06
9-22
47. Which of the following is sometimes useful against viral infections?

A. trimethoprim
B. streptomycin
C. zidovudine
D. rifampin
Learning Outcome: 09.06.01 Compare antiviral drug mechanisms of action
Section: 09.05
48. Which of the following is the major reason why it has been difficult to treat viral
infections with chemotherapeutic agents?
A. Viral metabolism resembles that of their hosts so there is no selective point of attack.
B. Viruses use the metabolic machinery of their hosts, which limits many of the potential
points of attack.
C. Viruses have no metabolism and therefore offer no selective point of attack.
D. Actually, viruses are not difficult to treat with chemotherapeutic agents.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Learning Outcome: 09.06.03 Explain why there are far fewer antiviral agents than there are
Section: 09.05
9-23
49. ________ and ________ can be used to prevent influenza A infections, reducing the
incidence of influenza by 50 to 70% in an exposed population.
Amantadine, rimantadine
ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution
Learning Outcome: 09.06.03 Explain why there are far fewer antiviral agents than there are
Section: 09.08
50. All of the following are reverse transcriptase inhibitors used to treat HIV infection except
A. azidothymidine.
B. zalcitabine.
C. lamivudine.
D. didanosine.
E. acyclovir.
Learning Outcome: 09.06.02 Provide a rationale for combination drug therapy, using an
anti-HIV model
Section: 09.06
9-24
51. The antiviral drugs currently approved for use in HIV disease include
A. nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
B. nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
C. protease inhibitors.
D. fusion inhibitors.
E. all of the choices
Learning Outcome: 09.06.02 Provide a rationale for combination drug therapy, using an
anti-HIV model
Section: 09.06
52. Drugs are used to treat malaria include

A. chloroquine.
B. qualaquin.
C. metronidazole.
D. chloroquine and qualaquin.
Learning Outcome: 09.07.01 Compare the mechanisms of action of antiprotozoan drugs
Section: 09.07
9-25
53. Metronidazole is used to treat Entamoeba infections.

TRUE
Section: 09.07
54. The antimicrobial action of artemisinin is not well understood but this chemical appears
to
A. swell the Plasmodium falciparum food vacuoles.
B. form reactive oxygen intermediates inside Plasmodium-infected red blood cells.
C. inhibit heme polymerase, an enzyme that converts toxic heme into nontoxic hemazoin.
D. raise the internal pH, clump the plasmodial pigment, and intercalate into plasmodial DNA.
Section: 09.07
9-26
55. Most of the drugs used to treat protozoan infection have insignificant side effects; because
protozoa are prokaryotes, the potential for drug action on host cells and tissues is less than it
is when targeting bacteria.
FALSE
Learning Outcome: 09.07.03 Explain why there are far fewer antiprotozoan agents than there
are antibacterial agents
Section: 09.07
56. ________, which is used to treat Toxoplasma gondii, is an analog of ________, an

integral component of the eukaryotic electron transport system.
Atovaquone, ubiquinone
Section: 09.07
9-27
57. Bacteria in biofilms or abscesses may be replicating very slowly and are therefore
resistant to chemotherapy because many agents affect pathogens only if they are actively
growing and dividing.
TRUE
Learning Outcome: 09.08.02 Correlate the sensitivity of a microorganism to an antimicrobial
agent with microbial growth in the presence of that agent
Section: 09.08
58. The chemotherapeutic agent must reach levels in the body that are ________ the
pathogen’s MIC value if it is going to be effective.
A. greater than
B. equal to
C. less than
Section: 09.08
9-28
59. The concentration of an antimicrobial drug that is reached in the body will depend on
A. the amount of drug administered.
B. the route of administration and speed of uptake.
C. the rate at which the drug is cleared or eliminated from the body.
Learning Outcome: 09.08.01 Predict the effects of (1) delivery route, (2) metabolism, and (3)
local concentration on the effectiveness of an antimicrobial drug
Section: 09.08
60. Penicillin is frequently injected but not normally given orally because it is rapidly
degraded in the stomach.
TRUE
Section: 09.08
9-29
61. Genes for drug resistance may be present

A. on the chromosome.
B. on plasmids.
C. on mitochondrial DNA.
D. both on the chromosome and on plasmids
E. both on plasmids and on mitochondrial DNA
F. both on the chromosome and on mitochindrial DNA
Learning Outcome: 09.08.03 Identify practices that lead to antimicrobial drug resistance and
suggest countermeasures
Section: 09.08
62. One way in which organisms may exhibit resistance to a drug is the ability to pump the
drug out of the cell immediately after it has entered.
TRUE
Section: 09.08
9-30
63. The effects of most antimicrobial drugs are greater if the microorganisms are actively
growing.
TRUE
Learning Outcome: 09.08.01 Predict the effects of (1) delivery route, (2) metabolism, and (3)
local concentration on the effectiveness of an antimicrobial drug
Section: 09.08
64. One way that the development of drug resistance in viruses has been reduced has been by
the use of a cocktail of several drugs at high doses.
TRUE
Section: 09.08
9-31
65. The drug of last resort that is generally used in treating infections caused by methicillin
resistant Staphylococcus aureus is
A. trimethoprim.
B. ciprofloxacin.
C. chloramphenicol.
D. vancomycin.
Section: 09.04
66. Development of drug resistance is not discouraged by

A. use of a high enough concentration of the drug to destroy any spontaneous resistant
mutants that might arise.
B. use of two drugs simultaneously with the hope that each will prevent the emergence of
resistance to the other.
C. avoidance of indiscriminate use of drugs.
D. using drugs appropriate for the infectious agent being treated.
E. widespread use of broad-spectrum drugs.
drug
Section: 09.08
9-32
Prescottâ€™s Microbiology Willey 9th Edition Test Bank
67. Which of the following is (are) used by microorganisms to become resistant to a particular
drug?
A. Enzymatic inactivation of the drug.
B. Exclusion of the drug from the cell.
C. An alternate metabolic pathway that bypasses the drug-sensitive step.
D. All of the choices.
Section: 09.08
9-33
Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

Prescotts Microbiology Willey 9th Edition Test Bank Full Download

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Prescotts Microbiology Willey 9th Edition Test Bank Full Download

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Prescottâ€™s Microbiology Willey 9th Edition Test Bank

Prescottâ€™s Microbiology Willey 9th Edition Test

To download the complete and accurate content document, go to:

Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who is usually credited with the discovery of penicillin?

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical,

2. Whose discovery of streptomycin stimulated an intense search for other antibiotics?

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical,

3. The use of arsenic compound Salvarsan as a treatment for syphilis is credited to

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical,

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical,

5. Who is generally credited with the discovery of sulfanilamide as a chemotherapeutic

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical,

Fill in the Blank Questions

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical,

True / False Questions

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical,

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical,

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical,

Multiple Choice Questions

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical,

11. Which of the following inhibits protein synthesis?

13. Isoniazid is a narrow-spectrum antibiotic that

15. Chemotherapeutic agents that are chemically modified natural products of

17. The ratio of toxic dose to therapeutic dose is called the

18. The minimal lethal concentration (MLC) is the

19. The lowest concentration of an antibiotic that prevents growth is the

20. Which of the following is a desirable general characteristic of antimicrobial drugs?

Fill in the Blank Questions

True / False Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

24. The E test is

True / False Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

27. Which of the following does not inhibit protein synthesis?

30. Aminoglycoside antibiotics

34. Which of the following is (are) true about cephalosporins?

38. Which of the following antibiotics specifically inhibits DNA synthesis?

True / False Questions

40. Ampicillin, like penicillin, must be administered by injection because it is rapidly

Fill in the Blank Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

Fill in the Blank Questions

44. _______________ ________________ from Streptomyces spp. binds to the sterols in

True / False Questions

Fill in the Blank Questions

46. A neuraminidase inhibitor called __________ is sometimes used in the treatment of

Multiple Choice Questions

47. Which of the following is sometimes useful against viral infections?

Fill in the Blank Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

52. Drugs are used to treat malaria include

True / False Questions

53. Metronidazole is used to treat Entamoeba infections.

Multiple Choice Questions

True / False Questions

Fill in the Blank Questions

56. ________, which is used to treat Toxoplasma gondii, is an analog of ________, an

True / False Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

True / False Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

61. Genes for drug resistance may be present

44. _ __ from Streptomyces spp. binds to the sterols in

56. , which is used to treat Toxoplasma gondii, is an analog of , an