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Lecture 07 Complex Numbers
Lecture 07 Complex Numbers
LESSON 07:
COMPLEX NUMBERS
x = 81
2 x = −81
2
x = 9 Uhoh…….what do I do
here?
i = −1
2
i = −i
3
i =1
4
COMPLEX NUMBERS
And it cycles….
i = −1 i = i i = i
5 4
i = i i = i
9 8
i = −1
2
i = i i = −1
6 4 2
i = i i = −1
10 8 2
i = −i
3
i = i i = −i
7 4 3
i = i i = −i
11 8 3
i =1
4
i = 1 i = 1
8 4 4
i = 1 i = 1
12 8 4
Try it with
92233
i
COMPLEX NUMBERS
Hints to deal with i
1. Find all “i”s at the beginning of a problem.
2. Treat all “i”s like variables, with all rules of exponents holding.
3. Reduce the power of i at the end by the rules we just learned..
Examples
1. −36 −81
2. −36 + −81
COMPLEX NUMBERS
a + bi imaginary
real
COMPLEX NUMBERS
2. (8 + 3i) − (6 − 2i) 6 - i 4 + 2i
6. +
4 3+i
3. (8 + 3i) (6 − 2i)
4. (8 + 3i) (6 − 2i)
COMPLEX NUMBERS
-In the set of real numbers, negative numbers do
not have square roots.
i = −1
COMPLEX NUMBERS
Powers of i
i =i
1
i = −1
2
i = −i
3
i =1
4
COMPLEX NUMBERS
i =14
Powers
of
i = −i
3
i i
Divide the exponent by 4
No remainder: answer is 1.
remainder of 1: answer is i.
i = −1
2
remainder of 2: answer is –1.
remainder of 3:answer is –i.
COMPLEX NUMBERS
Powers of i
1.) Find i23
= −i
2.) Find i2006
= −1
3.) Find i37
=i
4.) Find i828
=1
COMPLEX NUMBERS Complex Number System
Reals
Imaginary
Irrationals
Whole (no fractions)
(0, 1, 2, …) pi, e
Natural
(1, 2, …)
COMPLEX NUMBERS
3.)
1.) −5 = −1*5 = −1 5 = i 5
2.)
4.) − −7 = − −1* 7 = − −1 7 = −i 7
5.)
3.) −99 = −1* 99 = −1 99
= i 3 311
= 3i 11
COMPLEX NUMBERS
6. −7 = i 7
7. − −36 = −6i
8. −160 = 4i 10
COMPLEX NUMBERS
9. 47i 2 = 94i
10.
2i −5 = 2i −1 5 = 2i i 5
= 2i 2
5 = −2 5
11. − −3 −7 = −i 3 i 7 = −i 2
21
= −(−1) 21 = 21
COMPLEX NUMBERS
a + bi
real imaginary
The complex numbers consist of all sums a + bi,
where a and b are real numbers and i is the imaginary
unit. The real part is a, and the imaginary part is bi.
COMPLEX NUMBERS
12.
7.) 7i + 9i = 16i
13.
8.) (−5 + 6i) + (2 − 11i) = −3 −5i
14.
9.) (2 + 3i) − (4 + 2i) = 2 + 3i − 4 − 2i
= −2 + i
COMPLEX NUMBERS
REMEMBER: i² = -1
Multiply
1) 3i 4i = 12i = 12(−1) = −12
2
2) (7i )
2
= 7 i = 49(−1) = −49
2 2
COMPLEX NUMBERS
3)
−7i 12i = −84i = −84(−1)
2
= 84
4) (− 11i ) = (− 11) (i ) = 121(−1)
2 2 2
= −121
COMPLEX NUMBERS
5) (4 + 3i )(7 + 2i )
= 28 +8i +21i +6i
2
= 28 + 29i + 6i 2
= 28 + 29i + 6(−1)
= 28 + 29i − 6
= 22 + 29i
COMPLEX NUMBERS
6) (2 − i )(3 + 10i )
= 6 + 20i − 3i − 10i 2
= 6 + 17i − 10i 2
= 6 + 17i −10(−1)
= 6 + 17i + 10
= 16 + 17i
COMPLEX NUMBERS
7)
(5 + 7i )(5 − 7i )
= 25−35i +35i −49i 2
= 25 − 49(−1)
= 25 + 49
= 74
COMPLEX NUMBER CONJUGATE
-The conjugate of a + bi is a – bi
-The conjugate of a – bi is a + bi
COMPLEX NUMBERS
Find the conjugate of each number…
8) 3 + 4i 3 − 4i
9) −4 − 7i −4 + 7i
10) 5i −5i
11) 6 6
Because 6 + 0i is the same as 6 − 0i
COMPLEX NUMBERS
12)
−5 + 9i 1 + i −5 − 5i + 9i + 9i 2
=
1− i 1 + i 1+ i − i − i 2
−14 + 4i −14 + 4i
=
1− i 2 =
2
= −7 + 2i
COMPLEX NUMBERS
13)
2 − 3i 3 − 5i 6 − 10i − 9i + 15i 2
=
3 + 5i 3 − 5i 9 − 15i + 15i − 25i 2
−9 − 19i −9 − 19i
= =
9 − 25i 2
34
END OF PRESENTATION