MODULE 7 SERIES AND PARALLEL IMPEDANCES

Same principle as in DC Circuit Elements

AC SOURCE
Impedance
ZT = Z1 + Z2 + Z3 (vectorial)
Voltage
VT = V1 + V2 + V3 (vectorial)
Current
IT = I 1 = I 2 = I 3

AC SOURCE

Impedance
1 1 1 1
= + +
𝑍𝑇 𝑍1 𝑍2 𝑍3
Voltage
VT = V 1 = V 2 = V 3
Current
IT = I1 + I2 + I3 (vectorial)
Admittance, Conductance and Susceptance

Y=Gj

Y – admittance
G – conductance
 - Susceptance

Admittance is defined as a measure of how easily a circuit or device will allow current
to flow through it. Admittance is the reciprocal (inverse) of impedance, akin to how
conductance and resistance are related. The SI unit of admittance is the siemens
(symbol S). Admittance is consisting of conductance and susceptance. Admittance,
Conductance, and Susceptance have one nature, they are the ability to allow to current
flow in ac circuit.
In a single sense conductance is the reciprocal of resistance and susceptance is the
reciprocal of reactance

1 1
𝐺= 𝛽=
𝑅 𝑋
The above formulas are only valid if the circuit element is resistance only or reactance
only if they are package impedance such as R & X the formula will be
1 1
Y=Gj= =
𝑍 𝑅±𝑗𝑋
If the load is R-L the conductance and susceptance will be
1 1
Y=Gj= =
𝑍 𝑅+𝑗𝑋

1 𝑅−𝑗𝑋𝐿 𝑅−𝑗𝑋𝐿 𝑅−𝑗𝑋𝐿 𝑅−𝑗𝑋𝐿

𝑥 = = =
𝑅+𝑗𝑋𝐿 𝑅−𝑗𝑋𝐿 𝑅 2 −𝑗 2 𝑋𝐿 2 𝑅 2 −(−1)𝑋𝐿 2 𝑅 2 +𝑋𝐿 2

𝑅 𝑋𝐿
𝑌= 2−𝑗
𝑅2 + 𝑋𝐿 𝑅2 + 𝑋𝐿 2
Formula of conductance Formula of susceptance
in RL circuit in RL circuit
If the load is R-C the conductance and susceptance will be
1 1
Y=Gj= =
𝑍 𝑅−𝑗𝑋

1 𝑅+𝑗𝑋𝐶 𝑅+𝑗𝑋𝐶 𝑅+𝑗𝑋𝐶 𝑅+𝑗𝑋𝐶

𝑥 = = =
𝑅−𝑗𝑋𝐶 𝑅+𝑗𝑋𝐶 𝑅 2 −𝑗 2 𝑋𝐶 2 𝑅 2 −(−1)𝑋𝐶 2 𝑅 2 +𝑋𝐶 2

𝑅 𝑋𝐶
𝑌= 2 +𝑗
𝑅2 + 𝑋𝐶 𝑅2 + 𝑋𝐶 2
Formula of conductance Formula of susceptance
in RC circuit in RC circuit
Sample Problems
In the figure calculate a) current b) voltage drops V1, V2, and V3 and c) power absorbed
by each impedance and total power absorbed by the circuit.

An impedance (6 + j 8) is connected across 200-V, 50-Hz mains in parallel with another

circuit having an impedance of (8 − j6) Ω. Calculate (a) the admittance, the conductance,
the susceptance of the combined circuit (b) the total current taken from the mains and
its p.f.

Self-Assessment Problems
For the circuit shown in the Figure, determine (i) the circuit current I flowing, and (ii) the
p.d. across each impedance

Calculate the current in each branch circuit and the total circuit current, the
conductance, susceptance, and admittance of each branch and the equivalent
admittance and impedance of the circuit.
A voltage of 200 ∟53º8′ is applied across two impedances in parallel. The values of
impedances are (12 + j 16) and (10 − j 20). Determine the kVA, kVAR and kW in each
branch and the power factor of the whole circuit.

For the circuit shown in, determine the values of voltages V 1 and V2 if the supply
frequency is 4 kHz. Determine also the value of the supply voltage V and the circuit
phase angle.