Modular Assessment for Module 1:

1. Define in your own words AC analysis of Bipolar Transistor.

Bipolar transistors' small-signal properties and behavior in response to AC (alternating

current) input signals are examined through a procedure known as AC analysis. In this study,
assuming that the fluctuations are modest enough to be linearized, we take into account the
transistor's response to slight variations near its operating point or bias point.

The AC analysis is performed to examine the transistor's amplification and signal-

handling capability. Determining variables like input impedance, output impedance, voltage
gain, and current gain is part of the process. Engineers can develop and improve electrical
circuits utilizing bipolar transistors, such as amplifiers, oscillators, and other signal processing
circuits, by comprehending the transistor's small-signal behavior.

The properties of the transistor are approximated linearly for the AC analysis. For the
slight fluctuations near the transistor's DC bias point, it is assumed that the transistor's behavior
will remain linear. For this analysis, nonlinear effects are not taken into account because
distortion only occurs when the amplitudes of the input signals are very great.

2. Derive the equation for voltage gain Av and current gain Ai for a
common collector amplifier circuit.

For Voltage Gain Av:

𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝐴𝑉

𝐴𝑉 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡
= 𝑉𝑖𝑛

𝐴𝑉 𝐼𝑒 𝑥 𝑅𝐸
= 𝐼𝑒(𝑟′𝑒 +
Ie will cancel out, 𝑅𝐸)
thus:
𝑅𝐸
𝐴𝑉 =
(𝑟′ 𝑒 + 𝑅𝐸)
Since 𝑅𝐸 > 𝑟′𝑒, then (𝑟′𝑒 + 𝑅𝐸) ≅ 𝑅𝐸 , so:

𝑅𝐸
𝐴𝑉 ≅
𝑅𝐸
𝐴𝑉 ≅ 1
For Current Gain
Ai : 𝐼
𝐴𝑖 = 𝐼𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑖𝑛

Or:
𝐴𝑖 = 𝑖𝐸
𝑖𝐵
If:
𝑖𝐸 ≈ (ℎ𝑓𝑒)(𝑖𝐵 )
Then
, (ℎ𝑓𝑒)(𝑖𝐵 )
𝐴𝑖 ≈
𝑖𝐵
Ib will cancel out,
thus:
𝐴𝑖 ≈ ℎ𝑓𝑒 ≈ 𝛽