KHOA HOC CONG NGHE NGHIEN CUU ANH HUGNG CUA TY LE VA DANG PHAN BON LA SINH HOC CHIET RUT TU THUC VAT THUY SINH ®EN CAY RAU XA LACH TAI TINH THUA THIEN - HUE Hoang Thi Thai Hoa", Dé Dinh Thuc', Nguyén Quang Co! ‘Tran Thi Anh Tuyét', Hoang Thi Ngoc Van', Truong Thi Diéu Héa” TOMTAT ‘Thi nghiem duge thyc hien tren déng ruong trong vw xuan he nam 2020 voi 2 thoi vu gieo trong tren dat phu sa tai phuong Huong Long, thanh phé Hué, tinh Thira Thién - Hué, gém cé 8 céng thite voi 2 dang phan bon la sinh hoc duge chiét tir thue vat thiy sinh (rong bién va béo tay) va 4 ty Ie phun, Thi nghieém durge bé tri theo kiéu split plot (6 lim, 6 nhé), 3 lin nhac Iai, nham mye dich xéc dinh duge dang va ty Ie phun phan bon lé phi hop cho cay rau xa lich. Két qua nghieén ctu cho thay, nang suai va chat leg rau xa lich phu thude vao dang phan bon lé sinh hoc va ty Ié phun. Nang suat, chat luomg rau va hieu qua kinh t& dat cao hat tai ty Ie phun 1:10 6 ca hai dang phan bon la sinh hoc duge chiét tir rong bién hoae béo tay, dac biet dat cao nhat khi phun phan bon la sinh hoc duoe chiét tir rong bién (nang suat dat 12,43 tén/ha, lai 81,5 trigu déng/ha, do brix 3,5%, ham long nitrat 400 mg/kg). Tir dd, dé xudt dang phan bon lé sinh hoc duge chiét tir rong bién tai ty Ie phun 1:10 trén nén bén 500 kg voi +15 tan phan chuéng tren 1 ha dé dat duoc nang swat, chat homg vi higu qua kinh té cao nha ‘Tirkhoa: Dang vi ty Ie, phan bon li, rau an li, thre vat thiiy sinh, 1. BAT VAN BE Dan s6 thé gidi dang tang nhanh dan dén can thiét phai tang san xuat Iuong thye cing nhu chat luong néng san trong béi canh gia tang tinh trang thiéu dat, nude va cae yéu t6 giy bién d6i khi hau, Tinh Thita Thien - Hué e6 hé dim pha Tam Giang - Cau Hai voi dién tich wen 22.000 ha va nhiéu dien tich song, ngoi, ao, hé voi nhiéu loai hinh thiiy vue. Theo nghién ciu cia Ancion va cs. (2009) co nhiéu loai thuc vat thiy sinh phé bién duge tim thay 6 khu vue dam pha Tam Giang - Céu Hai va céc ao, hé tai tinh Thira Thién - Hué (t6ng $6 16 loai), bao gdm cic loai nhu: rong bién, béo tay,... Thue vat thiy sinh, trong d6 c6 rong bién duge nghien citu sit dung kha Wg rai tren thé yioi dé san xuat thuc phém dinh duromg cho con ngudi, sin xudt nguyén ligu cho thyc phim va moi day duoe sit dung dé san xuat phan bon 1a va phan bon ré. Thue vat thiy sinh chia rat nhiéu dam, axit amin va cée chat kich thich sinh traong quan trong cho su phat trién cia cy trong. Thue vat thiy sinh cung da duge nghién ctu & Viet Nam, nhung muc tiéu chi yéu cia cae nghién cinu nay la anh gid su da dang lodi, sir dung lam thite an chan \Trimg Bai hoe Nong Lim, Bai hoe Hug { Trrong Cao ding Su pham Thira Thién - Hué Email: hoangthithaihoa@huaf.edu.vn_ NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 4/2021 nuéi, che phii dat. Tuy nhién, cc nghién citu vé thure vat thiy sinh (rong bién va béo tay) dé cung cp chat dinh duomg cho cay tréng hu nhur con chua nhiéu. Trong nganh tréng tot hign nay, sir dung phan bon hoa hoc, chat kich thich sinh trudng va thude bio ve thuc vat déng mot vai tro quan trong trong san xuat; chung cé kha nang ngan chan dich bénh, lam tang nang suat cay trong, dem lai hiéu qua kinh té ro ret Tuy nhién, vie lam dung phan bén hoa hoc, chat kich thich sinh truimg va thuée bao ve thue vat trong san xudt nong nghiep o Viet Nam da dua toi nhong hau qua khong mong mudn (Bui Huy Hién va cs., 2007). Chinh vi vay, giai php str dung phan bon sinh hoe va dinh duomg tu nhién, dac biét la cae hoat ch: sinh hoc dang ngay cang duoc quan tim trong sin xudt nong nghiép tai Viet Nam (Nguyén Van Bo, 2014), Do d6, nghién ciru duuge thye hién trén hai loai phan bén lé sinh hoc duge chiét tir rong bién va beo tay, nhdm xéc dinh duge ty 1é phun va dang phan bn 14 sinh hoc phi: hop cho cay rau xa lich tai tinh Thira Thién- Hué, gop phan dat nang suat, hieu qua kinh té i thien moi tring. 2. BOI TUONG, VAT LIEU VA PHUDNG PHAP NGHIEN COU 2.1, Déi tung nghién ciru cao va - Ging rau: Rau xa lich mo dang duge tréng, pho bién tinh Thira Thien - Hué. 101KHOA HOC - Phan bon: phan bén la sinh hoc duge chiét nit tir rong bién (rong mai chéo, rong dudi ché) va beo tay thu thap tai xa Quang Loi, huyén Quang Dién, ‘Thira Thien - Hué. Mot s6 chi tiéu chat long ciia phan bon la sinh hoc duge chiét tir rong bién va béo tay duye thé hién & bang 2. CONG NG! Bing 1. Céc loai rong bién va béo tay duge sir dung Jam phan bén lé sinh hoc srr} Tengoidia ‘Ten khoa hoc phwong 1 [Rong mai chéo | Vallisneria spiralis 2 Rong duéi ché | Ceratophyllum demersum 3 [Béo tay Eichhornia crassipes Bang 2. Tinh chét héa hoc cia phan bin lé sinh hoc dupe chiét tirrong bién va béo tay sau 60 ngay t Loai phan. pH EC (dS/m)_| OM (%)_|__N (6) P.O; (%) KO (4) Beo tay 7AL 1,52 30,21 041 0,36 1,43 Rong bién 6,87 1,78 33,34 0,45 0,39 1,60 Nguén: Phan tich tai BG mon Khoa hoc Cay trong, Khoa Nong hoc, Trrong Dai hoc Nong Lim, Bai hoc Hué, nam 2020. - Dat: Dat phit sa, 2.2. Pham vi nghien cu - Bia diém nghién citu: Thi nghiém thye hién tai phuong Huong Long, thanh pho Hué, tinh Thira Thien - Hué, - Thoi gian nghién cinu: Thang 4 - thang 5/2020 (2 thai vy). 2.3. Phuong phap nghién cu 23:1. Cong thite va b6 tri thi nghiém Thi nghiém gém 8 cong thie (2 nhan t6 voi 2 dang phan bon la va 4 ty lé phun phan bon 1a) trén rau xa lich. Bang 3. Céc cong thi thi nghiem Cong | Dang phan bon] — Ty le phan bon la thie la (phan:nu6e) (vv) RL @/0) (Phun nuée la - Bei Phan bon lé sinh ——Sh*22) 1) RL _| oc tirrong bid 1:10 RL — 1:20 RIA 1:30 BL @/) (Phun nude la- Déi ig | Phan bon ta sinh a a Big | Hoc trbeo tay 120 BLA 1:30 Nén: 15 tan phan chung + 500 kg voi/ha; R: rong bien; B: béo tay; L: liéu long ‘Thi nghiém duge bé tri theo kiéu split plot (dang phan bén la duoc bé tri trong 6 lon, ty 1 phun phan bon la duge bé tri trong 6 nho) voi 3 lan nhac lai. Dien tich méi 6 thi nghiém nhé la 10 m*, mdi 6 lon la 40m’, 102 23.2, Céc chi tiéu theo doi * Vé sinh trudng ciia cay: Theo doi chiéu cao cay (cm) va dug kinh tan 1a (em), dien tich 1 (em): tin hanh 5 ngay do mot lan. * Cac chi tiéu vé nang suat - Nang sudt ly thuyét (NSLT) (tin/ha): (Sé cay/m? x Khdi long trung binh 1 cay (g))/10” - Nang suat sinh vat (NSSV): NSSV (tain/ha) = (Khéi luong trung binh cay/m? bao gém than, 14, ré (kg) x 10.000 x 0,8)/1000. ~ Nang suat kinh té (NSKT) NSKT (tén/ha) = (Khéi long trung binh cay/m? phan an duoc (kg) x 10.000 x 0,8)/1000 * Hop chat kho khi thu hoach Dem cac mau da xac dinh kh6i lugng tuoi & tren sdy riéng 14, than, ré dén khoi lung khong déi; can va tinh kh6i lung trung binh, Khéi luyng sau sy 105°C x 100 ‘Tile vat chat kho (%) = — Khdi lugng tuoi * Chat lugng rau xa lich: - Do brix thit 1a (%) do trén may do d6 brix. - Ham lugng dam nitrat (mg/kg): phuong phap so mau, = Do gion: theo phuong phap cho diém. Sau khi thu hogch, tién hanh thu mau danh gid do gion déi voi cay x lach bang cach an thir tir 5 ngudi. Thang diém danh gid bao gém tir 1 (khong gidn), 2 (it gion), 3 (gidn), 4 (gion vira), 5 (rat gion), tinh diém trung binh tren 5 nguoi. NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2- THANG 4/2021KHOA HOC CONG NGHE * Hieu qua kinh té - Téng thu: gia ban/kg. - Téng chi: chi phi phan bon, gidng, thude trir cd A cong lao dong. ~ Loi nhuan: téng thu ~ téng chi. - VCR: téng thu tang do bén phan/téng chi tang do bon phan. 23.3. Quy trinh ky thuat u phn, trong va cham séc cay xd lich a) Quy trinh ti phan * Phuong phap i phan bon la sinh hoc tir rong bién va béo tay: Rong bién va béo tay thu thap vé due rita sach dé loai bé bin va cac chat ban khac; bé ré va dé rao nude. Sau do tién hanh dua 50 ke (tig loai) vao thing nhya (thé tich 100 lit) dé a ciing véi 0,5 kg ché phim Trichoderma/EM + 2 lit ri mat. Xép thanh timg lop day 10 - 20 em, mdi l6p rai mot itri mat va Trichoderma, dao déu, day ndp kin va bao quan dén khi léy mau. Dé tao phan bon la tién hanh chiét rong bién va béo tay sau khi 2 thang bang phuong phep ép lay nude, sau do loc qua ray kich thuée 16 nhé dé Joai bé phan can va chi lay phan dung dich, cho vao can, day nap chat dé bao quan. Phan tich chat long sau 60 ngay u. b) Thet va - Thi nghiém durge tién hanh ovu xuan hé 2020. - Ngay tréng va thu hoach: ‘Vu 1: trong vao ngay 3/4/2020, thu hoach ngay 25/4/2020. Vu 2: tréng vio ngay 5/5/2020, thu hoach ngay 30/5/2020. ©) Trong cay ‘Tréng cay con 20 ngay tuéi, cao khoang 3-4 em, C6 tir 2 3 la. Cay con khong gay la, 1a hoi tron day dan mau xanh non, khong sau benh. Mat d6 trong 33 cay/m?. @ Bon phin - Toan bo phan chudng hoai myc va voi duge bon lot truge khi tring. - Phin bén la va nude duge pha theo ty Ié nhu 6 cac cong thite trén, sau 46 phun trac tiép vao cay voi liéu luong 1a 50 lit/500 m?, 5 ngay tién hanh phun/lan, tat ca c6 4 lan phun: sau tréng 5 ngay, 10 ngay, 15 ngay va 20 ngay, phun vao thi gian 5 - 6h chiéu. 23.4, Phuong phdp xitly so liga $6 ligu thu hoach sé duge xir ly thong ke tren cae phin mém chuyén dung nhur Statistix 10.0, Microsoft Excel véi cic chi tieu trung binh, phan tich ANOVA2 nhan t6, LSDgus- ‘8. KET QUA NGHIEN COU VA THAO LUAN 3.1. Anh hwéng ciia phan bén 14 sinh hoc duge chiét tir rong bién va béo tay dén chiéu cao cay rau xalach S6 liu bang 4 cho thay: - Giai doan 5 ngay sau tréng: Khi sir dung phan, én 1a sinh hoc tir rong bién, cdc cong thie c6 chiéu cao cay dao dong tir 10,5 - 11,97 cm, cao nhat cong thie RL2 (11,97 cm) va thap nhat & cong thie ai chimg khong phun phan bén la. Khi sit dung phan bon la sinh hoc tir béo tay, cae cong thite thi nghiém c6 chiéu cao cay dao dong tir 10,63 - 11,70 em, trong d6 chiéu cao cay cao nhat & cong thie BL2 (11,70 cm) va thp nhat 6 cong thie déi chimg BL1 (10,63, cm). Bang 4. Anh huimg cia phan bén la sinh hoc tir rong bién va béo tay dén chiéu cao cay rau xa lach_ Pon vj tinh: em Congthie | SautréngSngay | Sau tong l0ngiy | Sautréng Sngiy | Sau trong 20ngiy RLI@/0) 10,50" 12,68 15,10 18,63" RI2 1197) 1523" 19,07 23,33" | RB 11.40%" 14,80" 17.67" 21,93" RU 10 4 1437" 16,27" 20,60" BLI@/c) 10,63" 1247" 14,87" 18,17° BIZ 11,70” 14,53" 18,47" 22,80" BLS 11,13" 14.20 1723" 21,57" BLA 10.9" 40? 16,10 20,60" LSD, 0,63 055; 055 1.98 Ghi chii:a, b,c, d, e chi ra cée chir cai giéng nhau 6 cting 1 cot thé hién khong co sur sai khéc c6 ¥ nghia 6 mite 95%, SO liéu tinh trung binh tir2 va. NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 4/2021 103KHOA HOC CONG NGHE ~ Giai doan 10 ngay sau tréng: chiéu cao cay dao dong tir 12,63 - 15,23 cm (phan bén ld sinh hoc tit rong bién) va tir 12,47 - 14,53 cm (phan bon la sinh hoc tir béo tay). Trong 6, tuong img vei moi loai phan chiéu cao cay cao nhat la 6 cong thite RL2 va BL2 va thap nhat cong thite di ching RLI va BL. ~ Giai doan 15 ngiy sau trong: Chiéu cao lon nat, 6 cong thie RL2 (19,07 cm), BL2 (18,47 em) va thap nhat 6 cong thire déi chimg RL1 (15,10 cm), BLL (14,87 em), tuong img véi mdi loai phan, - Giai doan 20 ngiy sau trong: Chiéu cao cay cao hat 6 cong thie RL2 (23,33 em) va c6 su sai khae co ¥ nghia vé mat théng ke so voi cong thite déi chimg, thap nat la cong thie déi chimg RL1 (18,63 cm) Tuong ty nhu vay, 6 cic cong thite phun phan bon la sinh hoe tir beo tay bon cho rau xa lich, chiéu cao cay dao déng tir 18,17 - 22,80 em, chiéu cao cay cao nhat 6 cong thite BL2 (22,80 cm) va c6 sy sai khac c6 ¥ nghia vé mat théng ke so véi cong thie déi chimg, ‘Tom Iai: so sénh chiéu cao cay rau xa lich 6 2 dang phan bén la sinh hoc chiét rit tir rong bién va beo tay, co thé thay voi ty le phan bon lé nhw nhau thi chiéu cao cay rau xa léch khi bon phan bon la sinh hoc tir rong bién cao hon so véi béo tay. Cing 1 dang phan bén la sinh hoc thi ¢ ty Ié 1:10 c6 chiew cao tot nhat. 3.2. Anh hug cia phan bén 1é sinh hoc duge chiét tir rong bién va beo tay dén dudng kinh tan cay rau xa lach Duong kinh tin cay xa léch co lien quan dén kha nang quang hop, kha nang tang mat d6 va han ché sau bénh. O cae cong thite c6 duong kinh tan lé 1on thi sé cé kha nang quang hop manh va Mz tao cor 86 cho nang suat cao. Diéu nay chimg to hiéu qua ccaia phan bon la rat lon, Két qua bang 5 cho thay: - Giai doan 5 ngiy sau tréng: Phun phan bon la sinh hgc tir rong bién cho cay xa léch 6 cic cong thiie co duong kinh tan la dao dong tir 14,80 - 16,20 cm, cao nhat & cong thite RL2 (16,20 em) va thap hat 6 cong thite déi chimg RLI (14,80 cm). Sit dung phan bén lé sinh hoe tir béo tay cho dudng kinh tan la 6 cae cong thite thi nghiém dao dong tir 14,53 - 15,87 cm. Trong d6 dudng kinh tan la cao nhat & cong thite BL2 (15,87 cm) va thap nhat 6 cong thite 6i chimg BL1 (14,53 cm). Do trong giai doan nay bo 104 ré chwa duge én dinh hoan toan nén it anh hung dén viée hap thu céc chat dinh duomg, dong kinh tin la 6 giai doan nay it ¢6 chenh lech gitta cac cong thie thi nghiém (Nguyén Dinh Thi, 2014). Bang 5. Anh huéng cia phan bén lé sinh hoc tit rong bién va béo tay dén duréng kinh tn cay rau xa lach Bon vj tin Cong Duong kinh tin la sau trong. thic | Sngay [10 ngay| 15 ngay | 20 ngay | os 14,80 | 18,67" | 21,20% | 23,00% ___RL2 16,20°_| 22,27" | _ 24,27" 26,67" RL3_| 15,73" | 20,73" | 23,03" _| 25,80" RIA | 15,20% | 20,03 | 21,90 | 24,207 BLI 7 alg - ye) | 148% | 19.13" | 20,80" | 2247" Bi2 | 15,87 | 21,63" | 23,33" | 25,87" BL3 | 15,27" | 20,80" | 2297 | 25,27 BIA 19,938 [21,93 | 24,33 ISD, 073 | 1,06 | 143 Ghi chit: a, b, 6, d, € chi ra céc chit c4i ging nhau cling 1 06t thé hién Khong c6 sur sai khac 6 ¥ ghia 6-mitc 95%. 56 lieu tinh trung bin tir 2 vu - Giai doan 15 ngay sau tréng: Duong kinh tan la a co su thay d6i r0 ret, dao dong tir 21,20 - 24,27 cm (bon phan bon la sinh hoc tir rong bién), cao nhat & cong thtte RL2 (24,27 cm) va thap nhat & cong thite 6i chimg RL1 (21,20 em). Tuong ty, véi cde cong thite bon phan bén lé sinh hoc tir beo tay, cde cong thie thi nghiém cé dirong kinh tan la dao dong ti 20,80 3,33 cm, trong d6 dung kinh tin la cao nhat 6 cong thie BL2 (23,33 cm) va thép nhat & cong thite d6i chimg BL1 @0,80 em), ~ Giai doan 20 ngay sau tréng: Day 1a giai doan ma duong kinh tan lé rau xa kich dat mic cao nhat. Do 6 giai doan nay bo ré phat trién manh cong voi Iuong dinh dung tir bon 16t phan chudng hoai myc va 4 lan bén thite phan bon 1a sinh hoc gitip cho cay phat trién than la tét. Cong thite RL2 (26,67 cm) va BL2 (25,87 cm) ¢6 dung kinh tén cao nhat va co su sai khdc 6 y nghia vé mat théng ke so véi cong thite di ching. So sanh két qua thi nghiém 6 hai dang phan bon la sinh hoc tir rong bién va béo tay cho thay: voi mot Ivong bon nhu nhau nhung khi sir dung phan bon la sinh hoe tir rong bién cho cay xa lich thi duéng kinh tan la c6 sur vuot trdi so voi dang phan bén 1A sinh NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 4/2021KHOA HOC CONG NGHE hoe tir béo tay va ty 1é phun 1:10 van 1a t6t nhat 6 ca hai dang phan bon lé sinh hoc. 3.3. Anh huong ciia phan bén 14 sinh hoc duge chiét tir rong bién va béo tay dén dién tich l4 cay rau xa lach Keét qua o bang 6 cho thay: Dien tich 14 cia cay rau xa lach tang din theo thoi gian tir 5 - 20 ngay sau tréng, dién tich la dat cao nhat 6 thoi diém 20 ngay sau trong, voi cling 1 dang phan bon Ié sinh hoc, dien tich 14 cay rau xa lich dat cao nhat 6 ty lé phun 1:10 (141,27 cm? véi phan bon Ja sinh hoc rong bién va 135,47 cm? voi phan bon la sinh hgc béo tay), thp nhat 6 cong thuc déi chimg - phun nuoc 1a (117,20 cm? voi phan bon 1a sinh hoc rong bién va 112,07 cm? voi phan bon la sinh hoc beo tay). Trong hai dang phan bon 1a sinh hoe thi phun phan bén li sinh hoc tir rong bién ludn cé dién tich Ia cao hon phan bén Ia sinh hoc tir béo tay 6 cac ty 1é phun va cde giai doan sinh truéng, phat trién cia cay. Bang 6. Anh hwréng cita phan bén la sinh hoc tir rong bién va beo tay dén dien tich lé cay rau xa lach Bon vj tinh: ca? Cong Dien tich la sau trong... thi | Sngay 10 ngay| 15 ngay | 20ngay RL _ % ye @/0), 41,33" 68,07" 96,57° | 117,20 RL2 46,43* 88,17" | 114,53" | 141,278 RI3__| 44,33" | 85,67" | 1067 |130,40% RL4_| 43,67" | 73,60" | 102,07 | 124,20 BLI . 23° " W/o) 40,40" | 69,83" | 95,23: 112,07" Bi2_| 44,63" | 78,57" | 113,63 | 135.47" Bi3s_| 43,53" | 74,17* | 104,57% |123,90 BiA_| 4257 | 72,27 | 100,63 [121,00 LSD p05 5,35 17,07 11,85 9,04 Ghi chi: a, b, ¢ d, e chi ra cae chit cdi giong nhau G-cting I cbt thé hién khong cb su sai khée cb y nghia 6 mic 95% SO lieu tinh trung binh tir2 vu. 3.4. Anh huéng ciia phan bén Ia sinh hoc tir rong ign va béo tay dén nang sudt rau xd lich Nang suat va chat Inong sn pham la cae yéu to duoc quan tam hang dau cia nganh san xuat dé dat higu qua kinh té cao cho nguéi san xuat cing nh dap img nhu cau cia ngudi tiéu ding. Nang sudt va pham chat rau cén 1a chi tiéu quan trong dé danh gia NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 4/2021 kha nang sinh trudmg, phat trién ctia xa lach va ket qua cui cing ciia qua trinh san xudt. Bang 7. Anh hudng cia phan bén la sinh hoc rong bién va béo tay én nding suat rau xa lach Cong thie| NSET | NSSV J NSKT ]TLCK (tan/ha) | (tan/ha) | (tan/ha) | _(%). RL1/c)| 10,80' | 8,63" | 3.23" | 447° Ri2__| 17,50 | 13,97" | 12,30" | 4,93" Ri3_| 15,13 | 12.13% | 1117 | 4,73" RIA 13,80°_| 11,00" | 9,80" | 5,00" BLI b/o| 11,07" | 387*_| 813" | 4,43" BL2__| 16,63 | 13,33” | 11,83 | 4,60" BLs__| 14,30" | 11,47" | 10,43 | 4,90" Bia__| 13,27" | 10,57 | 9.27% | 5,03" LSD, 208 | 166 | 141 | 0,76 Ghi chi: a, b, c, d, e, f chi ra céc chit cdi giéng hau 6 cting 1 cot thé hién khong c6 su sai khdc co ¥ nghia & mite 95%. 86 lieu tinh trang bink tir 2 vu. S6 ligu o bang 7 cho thay: Nang suat ly thuyét: Khi sir dung phan bon la sinh hoe tir rong bién thi nang sudt ly thuyét 6 cdc cong thtte thi nghiém déu cao hon cong thie adi chimg phun nude 14, ty lé phun phan bon la tang thi nang suat ly thuyét tang. Nang suat ly thuyét cua cdc cong thie dao dong tir 10,80 - 17,50 tan/ha, cao nhat & cong thie RL2 (17,50 tan/ha) va thap nhat & cong thite RL1 (10,80 tén/ha). Khi sit dung phan bon 1a sinh hoc tir béo tay, nang suat ly thuyét @ cae cong thie thi nghiém dao dong tir 11,07 - 16,63 tén/ha, trong dé cao nhat & cong thire BL2 (16,63 tan/ha), thap nhat & cong thie BLL (11,07 tan/ha), Tat ca cde cong thie thi nghiém déu cé nang suat ly thuyét cao hon va cé su sai khac 06 ¥ nghia vé mat thong ké so voi cong thite déi chimg phun nuée la, Nang suit sinh vat hoc (NSSV): nang suat sinh vat hoc @ cac cng thie thi nghiém cao hon cong thite déi chtmg, cao nhat 6 cong thire RI2 (13,97 tan/ha) va BL2 (13,33 tén/ha), thép nhat & cong thie RL1 (8,63 tan/ha) va (8,87 tén/ha). Nang suat kinh té (NSKT): La nang suat thu duoc trén dién tich 6 thi nghiém, phan anh mot cach chinh xic va thie té nat kha nang sinh trang, phat trién cla rau xa léch trén déng rudng. Két qua 6 bang 7 cho thay, nang sudt kinh té phu thude vao ty Ie phun va dang phan bon la sinh hoc. Khi sir dung phan bon la sinh hoe tir rong bién thi nang suat kinh té tang theo ty Ie phun. Nang suat kinh té 6 cac cong 105KHOA HOC CONG NGHE thite thi nghiém dao dong tir 8,23 - 12,30 tan/ha, cao nhat 6 cong thite phun ty 1é 1:10 - RL2 (12,30 tan/ha) va c6 sy sai khac ¢6 ¥ nghia vé mat théng ke so véi cong thite adi chimg phun nude la RL (823 tén/ha). Tuong ty, khi sir dung phan bon 1a tir bao cong thitc thi nghiém nang sudt kinh té dao dong tir 8,13 - 12,08 tan/ha, trong dé cao nhat & cong thie BI2 (12,03 tan/ha), thap nhat & céng thire BLI (8,13 tan/ha). Tit ca cae cdng thite thi nghiém déu 06 nang, suit kinh té cao hon va e6 su sai khac €6 y-ngha vé mat thong ke so véi cong thie déi chimg. Nguyen nhan ta do phan bon lé sinh hoe tirrong bién da tae dong dén cic chi tieu sinh truong, phat trién va nang suét t6t hon so voi phan bén la sinh hoc tir beo tay; do dé sir dung dang phan bon lé sinh hoc tir rong bién cho xa lich sé cho nang suat kinh té cao hon so véi dang phan la sinh hoc tir béo tay (Hoang Thi Thai Hoa va DO Dinh Thue, 2010). Ti le chat kho: Tich lay chat kho 1a biéu hién cuéi cing ctia moi hoat dong sinh ly, sinh héa cia cay tréng. Ham Iugng chat kho trong cay phu thuge rat lon vao gidng, diéu kien moi truong va bién phap canh tac. Khi sit dung phan bon la sinh hoc tir rong bién cho cay rau xa lich thi ti Ie chat kho 6 cae cong thie thi nghiém dao dong tir 4,47 - 5,00%, trong 46 cao nhat 6 cong thize RLA (5,00%) va thap nhat 6 cong thie déi chimg RLI (4,47%). Khi siz dung dang phan bon la sinh hoe tir beo tay, & cie cong thie thi rnghiém tile chat kho dao dOng tir 4,43 - 5,03%, trong d6 cao nhat 5,03% 6 cong thite BLA va thap nhat 4.43% 6 cOng thitc déi chimg. 3.5. Mot s6 chi tieu vé phém chét rau xa lich, S6 lieu 6 bang 8 cho thay: Do brix: Khi sir dung hai dang phan bén a sinh hoe tir rong bién hoac beo tay cho rau xa lach thi d6 brix @ cac cong thite c6 su chénh lech khong dang ké. Do brix & cae cong thite dao dong tir 2,0 -3,5%. 0 cée céng thire phun phan bén la sinh hoe dé brix déu cao hon so véi cong thite di chimg phun nude 1a, trong d6 cong thie RL2 c6 do brix cao nhat 3,5%. Nhu vay, t¥ 1é va dang phan bon la sinh hoc khong anh hudng nhiéu dén do brix. D6 gion: Khi sir dung phan bén 1a sinh hoc tir thi rau xa lich c6 6 gion it chénh lech. Bé gion 6 cée cong thie dao dong tir4 — 5 diém. Ham lwong NOs; Luong nitrat 06 thé tich Ia trong mii loai rau phu thude vao nhiéu yéu t6, Sur c6 mat cita nitrat trong néng sin s@ anh huéng xu dén stte khée con nguii va dir rong nitrat trong mo thue vat vugt qua ngudng an toan duoc xem nhu mot doc chat. Durlugng NO; trong rau xa kich sé thay adi tay vao Iuong phan nhiéu hay it 6 ca hai dang. Khi sir dung dang phan bén la sinh hoc tir rong bién cho xa lich, ham long NO; dao dong tir 0- 400 mg/kg rau, trong dé cao nhat 400 mg/kg tuoi & céng thuc RL2, tiép dén & cong thite RL3 (800 mg/kg tuoi) va thap nhat 0 mg/kg tuoi G cong thite di chimg, két qua tuong ty voi phan bon la sinh hoc tir beo tay. Tuy ahién, 6 tat ca cae cong thite ham lugng nitrat déu dudi nguomg tiéu chudn cho phép qui dinh vé ham long nitrat trong rau xa lich (Bo Nong nghiep va PINT, 2007). Bang 8. Mét sé chi tieu vé ph4m chat ciia xa lach , | Ham long Cong thie | B® bri di NOs | Gaigmy | 8/58 [_ | rau) RLI (B/c) 2.0 4 0 RI2 35 _[ 5 400 RI3 30 | 5 300 RIA 30 | 5 150 BLi@/o | 20 | 4 0 [Be 30 | 5 350 BI3 30 | 5 250 BIA 30 | 4 150 (S6 liéu trang binh tir? vy) 3.6, Banh gia higu qua kinh té cla phan bon la ‘sinh hoc Dau tu phan bén va hiéu qua kinh té c6é quan hé chat ché voi nhau. Trong thye té ngwéi san xudt khong chi tinh dén viec déu tu dé nang cao nang suat, ma con phai tinh dén hiéu qua kinh té cia viee dau tu them, Néu te 46 tang hieu qua kinh té lon hon toc do tang dau tur phan bén, thi higu qua kinh té sé cao, nhung khi toc a6 tang dau tu lon hon téc 46 tang hieu qua kinh té thi nguoi san xudt sé bi l6 von. Két qua @ bang 9 cho thay: Téng thu: Téng thu phu thude vio nang sudt inh té dat duge va gid ban ra trén thi trudmg. Nang suat kinh té ciia cdc mute sir dung phan bon déu cao hon so voi déi chtmg phun nude 1a, do do tng thu cao hon. Téng thu dao dong tir 123.450,000 - 184.500.000 déng/ha. Trong d6 cao nhat la 6 cong thite RL2 voi 184.500.000 déng/ha, tiép dén li BL? 106 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2- THANG 4/2021KHOA HOC CONG NGHE voi 177,450,000 déng/ha va thap nhat 6 cong thie 6i chimg. Téng chi: Do duge trong theo mét quy trinh gidng nhau, bién phap canh tac va vén dau tu nhur nhau nén chi phi & c& hai dang phan @ cde cong thite én phan la nhu nau. Khi tang liéu Iwgng phan bén thi chi phi dau tu cing tang lén. Chi phi dao dong tir {94,000,000 - 103,000.00 d/ha. Trong 46 chi phi dau tur cao nhat la 6 cOng thie RL2 va BL2 voi 103,000.000 déng/ha va thap nhat la cong thie doi chimg. Loi nhuan: Khi phun phan bén la sinh hoe tir rong bién thi loi nhuan @ céc cong thie thi nghiém dao déng tir 29.450,000 - 81.500.000 déng/ha. Trong 6, loi nhuan lon nhét & cong thite RL2 (81.500.000 éng/ha). di vi phan bén la sinh hgc tir béo tay thi lpi nhuan & cde cong thie thi nghiém dao dong tir 27,950,000 ~ 74.450.000 déng/ha, trong 46, loi nhuan Jom nhat 6 cong thite BL2 (74.450.000 déng/ha). So sinh gida hai dang phan bon 1 véi cing ty 1é phun 1:10 thi bon phan bon la sinh hoe tir rong bién c6 loi hun cao hon 7.050.000 d/ha so voi beo tay. VCR: La téng loi nhuan tang len do sit dung phan bén/téng chi tang lén do sit dung phan bén, Thong thuimg d6i véi nong nghiép chi tieu VCR = 2 thi hoa vn, VCR > 2 thi cé lai, Tit ci cae cong thite kkhi str dung 2 dang phan bon la sinh hoc tir rong bién va béo tay déu cé VCR > 5, nhur vay cé thé khuyén co nguéi nong dan sit dung hai loai phan bon ld sinh hoe nay cho cay rau xa ach, Bang 9. Higu qua kinh té khi bon phan bén lé sinh hgc tir rong bién va béo tay cho cay rau xa léch Téng thu Téng chi Loinhuan | Cong thire (1.000 4/ha) | (.0004/ha) | (1.000 d/ha) eR RL @/c) 123.450 94.000, 29.450 s RL2 184.500. 103.000 81.500 6,78 RL 167.550. 100.000, 67.550 7,35 RU 147.000. 97.000 50.000 7,85, BL1 @/c) 121.950 94.000, 27.950. : BL2 177.450 103.000. 74.450 6,17 BL3 156.450. 100.000 56.450 5,75 BLA 139.050 97.000 42.050 5,70 ‘SO liéu tinh trung binh tir hai vu, gid rau xa lich 15.000 d/kg, phan hita co: 1 tri¢u déng/tén, voi: 2.000 d/kg, cay giéng: 10 trieu déng/ha, phan bon li sinh hoe tir rong bién va béo tay: 3 - 9 triéu déng/ha, cong lao dong: 200.000 d/cong 4, KET LUAN VA KIEN NH 4.1, Két luan Vé kha nang sinh trudng, phat trién cua rau xa lach: TY Ie va dang phan bon lé sinh hoc khdc nhau a c6 anh huéng dén kha nang sinh truong, phat ‘rin ciia rau xa lich. Sir dung dang phan bon la sinh hoe tir rong bién hode béo tay voi ti Ié 1:10 cho kha nang sinh tring, phat trién cia rau xa lich tét nha. Vé nang suét:Khi tang liéu long phan bon la thi nang suat cing tang len, Dang phan bén la sinh hoc tir rong bién véi tile phun 1:10 cho nang suat kinh té cao nhat 12,30 tn/ha, Dang phan bén la sinh hoc tit béo téy voi ty 1é phun 1:10 cing cho nang suat kinh té dat cao nhat 11,83 tan/ha. Phim chat: Ty 1¢ va dang phan ben li sinh hoc anh huéng khong nhiéu dén d6 brix va d6 gién. Ham NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 4/2021 Iugng NO; 6 cac cong thue thi nghiém déu dat tiew chuan cho phep. Higu qua kinh té-Téng thu va loi nhuan dat cao nhat 184.500.000 déng/ha va 81.500.000 d/ha 6 dang phan bén la sinh hoc tir rong bién khi phun 6 ty lé 1:10. VER 6 ce mute bon dao dong tir 5,70 - 7,85. 4.2. Kién nghi ‘Tren nén 15 tén phan chuéng va 500 kg voi tren dat phir sa (bon 161) & tinh Thira Thien - Hué can sit dung dang phan b6n la sinh hoc durge chiét tir rong bién hoac béo tay & ty 1€ phun 1:10 voi 4 lan phun: satt khi trong 5 ngay, 10 ngay, 15 ngay va 20 ngay cho cay rau xa lach dé tang nang suat, chat long va hieu qua kinh té. ‘LOLCAM ON Nehién etn trong dé tai mi nay duoc tai tro boi Dai hoc Hue ‘DHH-2020.02-135. 107KHOA HOC CONG NGHE ‘TALLEY THAM KHAO 1. Ancion P, V., Hoang Thi Thai Hoa, Ton That Phap, Pham Quang Tu, Chiang C.,Dufey J. E. (2009). Utilisation agricole de plantes aquatiques, notamment en tant quiamendement des sols, dans la province de Thua Thien - Hue, Centre Vietnam, 1. Inventaire, abondance et caractérisation chimique des plantes aquatiques disponibles localement, Tropicultura. 27(3):144-151. 2, Nguyén Van BO (2014). Gia? phdp nang cao higu qué si dung phan bon 6 Viét Nam, Hoi thao Quéc gia vé Gidi phap nang cao higu qua sit dung phan bén tai Viet Nam. NXB Nong nghiép, Ha Noi. 3. BO Nong nghiep va Phat trién nong thon (2007). Qui dink vé quan Iy sin xudt vé chime nhan rau an todn. Quyét dinh s6 04/2007/QD-BNN ngay 19/01/2007. 4. Biti Huy Hien, Cao Ky Son, Nguyén Van Bo (2007). Biéu tra tinh hink sn xuat va sit dung phan bon 1a Viet Nam. 5, Hoang Thi Thai Hoa, BS Dinh Thuc (2010). Die tinh héa hoc ctia mét 56 loai phan hitu cova phu phim cay trong sit dung trong nong nghiep wen ving dat cat bién tinh Thita Thién - Hué Tap chi Khoa hoc - Dai hoc Hué. Tap 57: 59-68, 6. Nguyén Dinh Thi 2014). Nghiéa ciw dah huring cia nude ép rong sun va chitosan dén sinh truing va nang suat rau xa lach tai TP. Hué. Tap chi Nong nghiép va Phat trién nong thon - BO Nong nghiép va Phat trién nong thon. 108 STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF THE RATIO AND TYPE OF BIOFOLIAR FERTILIZERS FROM AQUATIC PLANTS ON LETTUCE IN THUA THIEN - HUE PROVINCE Hoang Thi Thai Hoa, Do Dinh Thue, Nguyen Quang Co Tran Thi Anh Tuyet, Hoang Thi Ngoc Van, Truong Thi Dieu Hoa ‘Summary ‘The experiment was carried out in the field condition in the spring-summer crop of 2020 on alluvial soil in Huong Long ward, Hue city, Thua Thien - Hue province, including 8 treatments with 2 types of biofoliar fertilizers extracted from aquatic plants (seaweed and water hyacinth) and 4 spraying ratio, arranged in a split plot design (main plot, subplot), 3 replicates, for the aim of determining the suitable biofoliar fertilizer ratio and type for lettuce crop. Research results show that the yield and quality of lettuce depended on the type and the ratio of biofoliar fertilizer. Productivity, quality of vegetables and economic efficiency are the highest at the spraying ratio of 1:10 in both types of bio-foliar fertilizers extracted from seaweed or water ‘hyacinth, especially in the ratio of extracted bio-foliar fertilizers from seaweed (yield of 12.43 tons/ha, profit of 81.5 VN Dong million/ha, brix 3.5% and nitrate content in leaf 400 mg/kg). Therefore, it is proposed that a bio-foliar fertilizer extracted from seaweed at a spraying ratio of 1:10 and 500 kg lime +15 tons of manure/ha to achieve the highest productivity, quality and economic efficiency. Keywords: Aquatic plants, biofoliar fertilizer: leati vegetables, type and ratio. Nguoi phan bién: TS. Bai Huy Hién Ngay nhan bai: 10/8/2020 Ngay thong qua phan bién: 10/9/2020 Negay duyet dang: 17/9/2020 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 4/2021