INTRODUCTION TO

PHILOSOPHY OF THE
HUMAN PERSON
PHIL ARMZONE P. RICO
 The word philosophy comes from
two Greek words: philos (love) and
THE sophia (wisdom). The ancient
MEANING Greeks used this term to refer to

AND METHOD “love of wisdom” and they soon

applied it to the study or discipline
OF DOING that uses human reason to

PHILOSOPHY investigate the ultimate causes,

reasons, and principles which
govern all things.
 WHAT IS Philosophy is the study of general and
PHILOSOPHY? fundamental questions about
existence, knowledge, values, reason,
mind, and language.
Philosophy in simple words is a way
of thinking about the world, the
universe, and society. It works by
asking very basic questions about the
nature of human thought, the nature
of the universe, and the connections
between them. The ideas in
philosophy are often general and
abstract.
 IMPORTANCE OF
PHILOSOPHY
Philosophy is the study of humans and the
world by thinking and asking questions. It is a
science and an art. Philosophy tries to answer
important questions by coming up with
answers about real things and asking "why?"
DO YOU Philosophers- are people
KNOW
who engage in
SOME OF
philosophy.
THE
GREEK
PHILOSOPHERS?
PHYTHAGORAS
Pythagoras (570 BCE to 495 BCE)- A mathematician and
scientist, he was credited with formulating the
Pythagorean theorem.
HERACLITUS
Heraclitus (535 BCe to 475 BCE)- He proposed that
everything that exists is based on a higher order or plan
which he called logos

“The Only Constant in Life Is Change.”- Heraclitus..

DEMOCRITUS
Democritus (460 BCE to 370 BCE)- He devoted himself to
the study of the causes of natural phenomena.

Atomic Theory:
Everything is composed of “atoms”, which are physically,
but not geometrically, indivisible
DIOGENES OF
SINOPE
Diogenes of Sinope (412 BCE to 323 BCE)- He was a
known advocate of living a simple and virtuous life.
EPICURUS
Epicurus (341 BCE to 270 BCE)- He believed that
philosophy could enable man to live a life of happiness.

Epicurus makes the following claims about human

happiness: Happiness is Pleasure; all things are to be done
for the sake of the pleasant feelings associated with them.
SOCRATES
Socrates (470 BCE to 399 BCE)- He was considered the
foremost philosophers of ancient times. He was credited
with formulating the Socratic method- means of
examining a topic by devising a series of questions that let
the learner examine and analyze his knowledge and views
regarding the topic.
SOCRATES
Socrates (470 BCE to 399 BCE)- He was considered the
foremost philosophers of ancient times.
PLATO
Plato (427 BCE to 347 BCE)- A student of Socrates, he
wrote down his mentor’s teaching and incorporated some
of his own ideas into them. Plato’s most significant ideas
included his Theory of Forms, which proposes that
everything that exist is based on an idea or template than
can only be perceived in the mind.
PLATO
Plato is also known for his dialectic- a method of inquiry
where two opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt to
arrive at new knowledge. Plato’s lasting contribution to
learning was his founding of the Academy, an institution
of higher learning.
ARISTOTLE
Aristotle (384 BCE to 322 BCE)- He attended the
Academy, and was the prominent student of Plato. For
him, all ideas and views are based on perception and our
reality is based on what we can sense and perceive.
ARISTOTLE
His studies in logic led to the formulation of a formal
process of analyzing reasoning which give rise to deductive
reasoning-the process by which specific statements are
analysed to reach a conclusion or generalization.
HOLISTIC
PERSPECTIVE
We have already discussed the

VS meaning of Philosophy from our

previous lesson. Now, let us proceed to
another topic.
PARTIAL
POINT OF
VIEW
HOLISTIC THINKING
refers to a perspective that considers large-scale
patterns in systems. A holistic perspective requires an
individual to have an open mindset and ability to get
the general sense or impression regarding a situation.
 HOLISTIC THINKING
The term "holistic thinking" refers to a big picture
A mentality in which a person recognizes the
interconnectedness of various elements that form larger
systems, patterns and objects. Thinking holistically is the
opposite of analyzing something, which involves breaking
down a larger system into its details.
PARTIAL THINKING
focuses on specific aspects of a situation. The partial
view is an important component of analytical
thinking, as an individual focuses on certain areas or
aspects of a problem in order to understand it.
 PARTIAL THINKING
In philosophy, point of view describes the perception of an
event or phenomenon and how exactly it is viewed.
Point of view often is shaped by an individual's beliefs or
experiences.
HOLISTIC Though partial thinking is useful,
philosophy utilizes holistic
PERSPECTI thinking in making sense of

VE problems and issues related to the

human experience.
People tend to apply an analytical
VS perspective when looking at
problems or situations. A holistic
view gives rise to a more
PARTIAL appreciative perspective about
POINT OF life, as we are able to look at life

VIEW in its totality.

 Why do we philosophize?
We all have the potential to
philosophize since we have

THE VALUE the tendency to wonder and

doubt.
OF DOING A philosopher is a good

PHILOSOPHY communicator who can

clearly and adequately
present his or her ideas.
 Doing philosophy can be applied in
day-to-day activities and life
THE VALUE perspectives. Because it involves an

OF DOING evaluative process, doing

philosophy allows a person to make

PHILOSOPHY better decisions and act accordingly

to situations with the help of
various philosophical skills.
 THE NEED TO
PHILOSOPHIZE
Plato traced man’s need to philosophize to his
sense of wonder. Whenever we are confronted
with an experience, we always wonder how it
came about.
 THE NEED TO
PHILOSOPHIZE
French philosopher Rene Descartes traced the
need to philosophize to doubt. In life, we will be
faced with several ideas and arguments which
present themselves as “truths”. A critical and
questioning perspective is necessary to determine
if indeed these ideas or views are correct or true.
 THE NEED TO
PHILOSOPHIZE
Swiss-German philosopher Karl Jaspers saw the
need to philosophize because of experience. These
experiences limit situation, philosophy provides us
a means to understand adverse or challenging
conditions, and to rise above them and gain new
knowledge and perspective.
 THE NEED TO
PHILOSOPHIZE
The need to philosophize is driven by the love for
wisdom. To love wisdom is to have an insatiable
desire for truth.
Philosophy itself is a distinct area of knowledge
with its own goals, concerns, and ways of doing
things.
 Aesthetics

BRANCH Logic

Epistemology
ES OF Ethics

PHILOS Political

Philosophy
OPHY Metaphysics

Philosophy of the

Human Person
AESTHETICS
Aesthetics is the branch of Philosophy which deals with beauty
and what makes things
“beautiful”.
LOGIC
Logic is branch of philosophy which deals with correct
reasoning.
 EPISTEMOLOGY
Epistemology discusses the nature of knowledge
and knowing.
the theory of knowledge, especially with regard
to its methods, validity, and scope.
Epistemology is the investigation of what
distinguishes justified belief from opinion.
 ETHICS
Ethics is the branch which deals with
moral questions and dilemmas.
POLITICAL
PHILOSOPHY
Political Philosophy studies governments and deals with
questions of justice, power and the rights and obligations of
citizens.
 METAPHYSICS
Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy which
deals with questions regarding reality and
existence.
the branch of philosophy that deals with the
first principles of things, including abstract
concepts such as being, knowing, substance,
cause, identity, time, and space.
PHILOSOPHY OF THE
HUMAN PERSON
Philosophy of the Human Person - is an area
in philosophy that understand the human
person from a philosophical perspective.